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5th International Workshop on Laser-Induced Incandescence 2012, Lii 2012

作者： Viskup, Richard Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria

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EGR reference allocation for diesel engine air system control

EGR reference allocation for diesel engine air system contro...

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SAE 2012 World Congress and Exhibition

作者： Waschl, Harald Alberer, Daniel Kerschbaummayr, Andreas Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstraße 69 4040 Linz Austria BMW Motoren GmbH Austria

The control of the engine air system is an essential part for meeting the emission levels of current and upcoming legislation. Up to now different strategies were presented in the literature and also applied on real systems. Starting from simple single-input-single-output structures in combination with feedforward parts leading to advanced multi-input-multi-output approaches. Nevertheless, independent of the used control approach for each of them suitable references are necessary. Although it seems adequate to directly use the emission target quantities in a closed loop air system control, a fast and accurate measurement is seldom available. An alternative is to use intermediate quantities as references, like fresh air mass flow or oxygen concentrations, which represent the state of the air system. However, for control purposes each of these quantities has to be determined, i.e. measured or calculated. Moreover, it has to be considered that each sensor has different dynamics and accuracy in dependency of the given range and furthermore also system dynamics can influence the sensor readouts. In this work a method for controlling the exhaust gas recirculation valve of a Diesel engine is proposed, where in contrary to standard approaches not only one but a combination of different reference quantities is used, with the aim to maintain predefined tailpipe nitric oxides emissions. The idea is to use allocation techniques and to combine different measurements with respect to their accuracy and dynamic properties, thus ensuring that in each operating point and time instant the most accurate quantity with respect to NOx is used. The determination of the static accuracy of each quantity was carried out by a NOx sensitivity analysis and the use of Gaussian error propagation. Considering the dynamic properties, response and rise times of the different sensors and physical quantities were taken into account. Finally, the control strategy was implemented and tested on simulation

关键词： Diesel engines

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Multi Reference Model Predictive EGR-Valve control for Diesel Engines

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2012年第30期45卷 474-481页

作者： Harald Waschl Daniel Alberer Luigi del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems at the Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

Accurate control of the engine air system is essential to comply with emission legislation. Typically the real emission targets, like NO x , cannot be measured directly at a production car and thus different intermediate candidates, like gas mass flows or oxygen concentrations, are used. In general the candidate choice is a key factor for emissions, because each of them can only be determined with certain accuracy and consequently a feedback control based on a specific quantity is only capable of reaching a point within the accuracy range. Moreover, a slight deviation of one candidate may, due to the nonlinear relations between emissions and candidates, lead to high NO x deviations. In a previous work four candidates for EGR valve control were analyzed and a scheduling scheme according to their NO x tracking performance under uncertainties was proposed. Within this work the approach is extended by the application of a multi reference online MPC control strategy which takes also dynamical properties into account. To this end a scheduling between the candidates based on the static and dynamic analysis in the previous work is applied, where the idea is to adapt the inherited objective function during runtime. The proposed dynamic reference scheduling strategy was implemented on a simulation model of a passenger car Diesel engine and satisfying results were obtained.

关键词： Engine control control design Compression Ignition

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On the Properties of the Deformed Consensus Protocol

On the Properties of the Deformed Consensus Protocol

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and control

作者： Fabio Morbidi Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320658

This paper studies a generalization of the standard continuous-time consensus protocol, obtained by replacing the Laplacian matrix of the undirected communication graph with the so-called deformed Laplacian. The deformed Laplacian is a second-degree matrix polynomial in the real variable s which reduces to the standard Laplacian for s equal to unity. The stability properties of the ensuing deformed consensus protocol are studied in terms of parameter s for some special families of undirected graphs, and for graphs of arbitrary topology by leveraging the spectral theory of quadratic eigenvalue problems. Examples and simulation results are provided to illustrate our theoretical findings.

关键词： Laplacian operator undirected graph protocols Simulation results Generalization

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Evaluation of virtual NOx sensor models for off road heavy duty diesel engines

Evaluation of virtual NOx sensor models for off road heavy d...

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SAE 2012 World Congress and Exhibition

作者： Stadlbauer, Stephan Alberer, Daniel Hirsch, Markus Formentin, Simone Benatzky, Christian Del Re, Luigi Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Altenbergerstr 69 A-4040 Linz Austria Politecnico di Milano Italy Liebherr Machines Bulle SA Italy

NOx and PM are the critical emissions to meet the legislation limits for Diesel engines. Often a value for these emissions is needed online for on board diagnostics, engine control, exhaust after treatment control, model based controller design or model in the loop simulations. Besides the obvious method of measuring these emissions, a sensible alternative is to estimate them with virtual sensors. A lot of literature can be found presenting different modeling approaches for NOx emissions. Some are very close to the physics and the chemical reactions taking place inside the combustion chamber, others are only given by adapting general functions to measurement data. Hence, generally speaking, there is not a certain method which is seen as the solution for modeling emissions. Finding the best model approach is not straightforward and depends on the model application, the available measurement channels and the available data set for calibration. This paper evaluates three different already published virtual sensor approaches for NOx engine raw emissions of a heavy duty Diesel engine in off-road applications. The three proposals consist of a black box polynomial mean value model using available data from the electronic control unit (ECU), a black box mean value model using mainly the measured indicated pressure profile and a crank angle based gray box model also based on the indicated pressure profile. The final evaluation of the three models was done with measurements of a highly dynamical test cycle for HD engines, coming from a wheel-loader application and conducted on a dynamical engine test bench, whereas dynamical behavior, integral error as well as transient deviations were analyzed. Copyright © 2012 SAE International.

关键词： Diesel engines

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On the Time Optimal control for Nonlinear Saturated systems

On the Time Optimal Control for Nonlinear Saturated Systems

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and control

作者： H. Trogmann L. del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320658

Time optimal output transition for input constrained systems is a frequent requirement in many actuation systems. In the case of known and/or linear systems, techniques exist to determine the corresponding control input either analytically and/or experimentally. In other cases however, is a sufficiently precise model is available. Against this background this paper proposes a learning algorithmic approach to solve the issue for unknown nonlinear saturated systems. The proposed approach searches the fastest transition by setting a time optimal but unfeasible trajectory and using learning techniques to recover the nearest feasible one in some sense. To achieve this goal, the proposed approach performs twice a learning process. On one side, it determines by iterative learning control for each suggested trajectory either the optimal input if the trajectory is feasible or an error information if this is not the case. On the other side, a model free learning model generator is used to determine the best feasible reference trajectory.

关键词： Trajectory Convergence Linear systems Algorithm design and analysis Iterative methods Process control Optimization

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Unknown Input High-Gain Observer for Internal Combustion Engine Test Benches

Unknown Input High-Gain Observer for Internal Combustion Eng...

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American control Conference

作者： T. E. Passenbrunner H. Trogmann L. del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz 4040 Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710957

In the modern world of internal combustion engines, test benches play an important role in the development, the design and the improvement of the engine itself as well as of the control loops implemented in the engine control unit. A test bench replaces the clutch, the gearbox, the shafts and the wheels of a vehicle as well as the load acting on the vehicle. The control of the test bench has to ensure that the internal combustion engine is loaded like in a vehicle, which is best achieved if torque based control is used. As in many cases torque can not be measured and torque estimators are used. However, the internal combustion engines at a test bench are changed frequently due to reduced development cycles and an increased number of different engines. This could require a continuous update of the observer parameters. To take care of this development an enhanced high-gain observer exclusive of a model of the internal combustion engine is proposed in this paper. The proposed method reduces the time required for tuning and parameterization and therefore contributes to a simple and fast change of the internal combustion engine. Measurements on a real test bench show the good performance of the proposed observer compared with measured quantities and quantities determined using an observer including a model of the internal combustion engine.

关键词： Observers Shafts Torque Internal combustion engines Torque measurement Joining processes

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design and evaluation of control-oriented diesel oxidation catalyst models

Design and evaluation of control-oriented diesel oxidation c...

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2012 IFAC Workshop on Engine and Powertrain control, Simulation and Modeling, E-COSM 2012

作者： Stadlbauer, S. Zanardo, G. Waschl, H. Schilling, A. Alberer, D. Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstrasse 69 4040 Linz Austria Liebherr Machines Bulle SA Rte. de l'Industrie 45 1630 Bulle Bulle Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823168

This paper presents different strategies for Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) modeling. Starting from the commonly used approach of describing the chemical and energy balances by first principles and fitting a small set of parameters often unknown, special emphasis is placed on data driven DOC modeling. Considering black as well as grey box approaches it is shown that the data driven methods provide a better model quality and, in the specific case, are easier to fit since the considered model class are polynomial NARX models, which are linear in parameters. © 2012 IFAC.

关键词： Diesel engines

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Smart valve actuation for dynamic fluid flow control with constraints in the power unit

Smart valve actuation for dynamic fluid flow control with co...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent control (ISIC)

作者： G. S. Zanardo T. E. Passenbrunner B. Farrokhzad C. Martinez M. Groedl L. del Re JKU Hoerbiger Research Institute for Smart Actuators Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria Hoerbiger Automatisierungstechnik Holding GmbH Altenstadt Germany

Perfect reference tracking by peripheral subsystems is a common requirement in industry, but it is often limited by system non-linearities. In fluid flow control systems, non-linearities are mainly caused by the characteristic curve of a valve. Such a curve describes the steady state relation between the valve opening and the flow rate but is significantly modified when installing the valve in a pipeline. Traditionally, the valve is adjusted to the pipe by design, an expensive and very complicated approach. In contrast, in the mechatronic approach a powerful, high-dynamic actuator is used within a control loop to realize perfect tracking in dynamic conditions from the input of the overall process control system to the actual flow rate. This approach is cost-effective, easy exchangeable and allows a simple expansion of existing plants. In this paper, the mechatronic approach is developed and validated. Firstly, a modular, mathematical model of the hydraulic power unit, the hydraulic cylinder, the valve and the fluid flow in the pipe is derived. Subsequently, a model-based control concept is employed to invert the model and compensate system non-linearities in dynamic conditions. Finally, the approach is validated numerically with respect to challenging test cases employing industrial devices and recalling industrial needs. The results attained prove that the mechatronic approach allows extending the range of perfect tracking of valves, and that useful insights for the development of such systems can be provided.

关键词： Valves Trajectory Torque Actuators Mathematical model Pistons Equations

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Reliable Reference Determination for Diesel Engine Emission control

Reliable Reference Determination for Diesel Engine Emission ...

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American control Conference

作者： Harald Waschl Daniel Alberer Andreas Kerschbaummayr Luigi del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems at the Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria BMW Motoren GmbH Steyr Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710957

To meet the current and upcoming emission legislation, engine air system control is a crucial aspect. To this end different approaches from SISO control in combination with feedforward structures up to advanced MIMO strategies are proposed in the literature. However, for each control strategy a reference quantity is necessary. Although it seems sensible to directly use the exhaust emission concentrations in a closed loop control, unfortunately a fast and accurate online measurement is seldom available. A typical approach to circumvent this issue is to use auxiliary quantities like fresh air mass flow, whereas the according reference values for these quantities are obtained during engine development. This paper presents a different approach where not only one but a combination of different candidates is used to define an optimal reference for the EGR valve control. The target for the overall control is to maintain a constant nitric oxides (NO_x) level during steady state operation without explicit NO_x measurement. Furthermore, a scheduling method is proposed to take into account the expected errors on the sensor signals depending on the current operating region. Finally the control was applied on a mean value engine simulation model and showed satisfactory results.

关键词： Accuracy Manifolds Fuels Sensitivity Steady-state Diesel engines

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