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An enhanced framework for smart automated evaluations of answer scripts using NLP and deep learning methods

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 8491-8513页

作者： G, Mohanraj R.K, Nadesh M, Marimuthu V, Sathiyapriya School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore632014 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India Knowledge Institute of Technology Salem637504 India

The manual process of evaluating answer scripts is strenuous. Evaluators use the answer key to assess the answers in the answer scripts. Advancements in technology and the introduction of new learning paradigms need automation of the evaluation process. This work aims to develop an enhanced novel hybrid framework that can evaluate answer scripts and automatically assign marks for different type of questions based on keywords, grammar, symbols, special keywords, and the given factors. First, the proposed system uses Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to convert image answer scripts into an editable text format. Second, the sentence transformers, the Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique flips the answer script and answers key texts into word embedding vectors. To find similarity measures, these vectors are matched using BERT encoding, spearmanś rank-order correlation, and fuzzy search. At last, the proposed model is trained using Deep Columnar Convolutional Neural Network (DCCNN) in the third step with MINST and Kaggle handwritten mathematical symbols and tested with the segmented mathematical equations to find the similarity. The performance of proposed model is measured using precision, recall, accuracy, and F1-score, and its gives highest accuracy of 93% and 95% when compared to the existing methodologies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Optical character recognition

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An IoMT-based Federated Learning Survey in Smart Transportation

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Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 2024年第4期17卷 20-39页

作者： Karnam, Geetha Vani Maddikunta, Praveen Kumar Reddy School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a technology that encompasses medical devices, wearable sensors, and applications connected to the Internet. In road accidents, it plays a crucial role in enhancing emergency response and reducing the impact of accidents on victims. Smart Transportation uses this technology to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. The current Artificial Intelligence applications lack transparency and interpretability which is of utmost importance in critical transportation scenarios, such as autonomous vehicles, air traffic control systems, and traffic management systems. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides a clear, transparent explanation and actions. Traditional Machine Learning techniques have enabled Intelligent Transportation systems by performing centralized vehicular data training at the server where data sharing is needed, thus introducing privacy issues. To reduce transmission overhead and achieve privacy, a collaborative and distributed machine learning approach called Federated Learning (FL) is used. Here only model updates are transmitted instead of the entire dataset. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the prediction of traffic using Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and FL. Among these, FL can predict traffic accurately without compromising privacy. We first present the overview of XAI and FL in the introduction. Then, we discuss the basic concepts of FL and its related work, the FL-IoMT framework, and motivations for using FL in transportation. Subsequently, we discuss the applications of using FL in transportation and open-source projects. Finally, we highlight several research challenges and their possible directions in FL. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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An intrusion attack classification using bio-inspired optimization technique and ensemble learning model for edge computing environments

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-28页

作者： Rahamathulla, Mohemmed Yousuf Ramaiah, Mangayarkarasi School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Vellore India

The phenomenal rise in network traffic across various sectors, driven by advancements in network communication, has led to an explosion of connected devices. While internet-based service providers have enhanced smart environments, these environments remain highly vulnerable to security risks. Due to their resource- constrained nature, Internet of Things (IoT) systems rely on edge servers for processing. Cutting-edge machine learning algorithms have significantly improved the security of edge computing systems by enabling early intrusion detection. However, the dynamic nature of our society demands more sophisticated Network Intrusion Detection systems (NIDS) that can balance the challenge of managing the explosive growth of network traffic data with effectively responding to attacks. This paper proposes a novel NIDS that can train and learn from massive amounts of data in a centralized environment. To identify the best subset of features for improved data representation and classification, a bio-inspired algorithm, the Improved Firefly Optimization Algorithm (IFOA), is employed. Furthermore, a hyper-tuned Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT) attack detection model is developed to accurately identify malicious behavior while minimizing false positives. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves superior accuracy and execution speed compared to alternative solutions and its baseline versions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Multi-parameter ultrasound imaging for musculoskeletal tissues based on a physics informed generative adversarial network

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第4期34卷 442-455页

作者： Pengxin Wang Heyu Ma Tianyu Liu Chengcheng Liu Dan Li Dean Ta Institute of Biomedical Engineering&Technology Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Department of Electronic Engineering School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Full waveform inversion(FWI)has showed great potential in the detection of musculoskeletal ***,FWI is an ill-posed inverse problem and has a high requirement on the initial model during the imaging *** inaccurate initial model may lead to local minima in the inversion and unexpected imaging results caused by cycle-skipping *** learning methods have been applied in musculoskeletal imaging,but need a large amount of data for *** by work related to generative adversarial networks with physical informed constrain,we proposed a method named as bone ultrasound imaging with physics informed generative adversarial network(BUIPIGAN)to achieve unsupervised multi-parameter imaging for musculoskeletal tissues,focusing on speed of sound(SOS)and *** the in-silico experiments using a ring array transducer,conventional FWI methods and BUIPIGAN were employed for multiparameter imaging of two musculoskeletal tissue *** results were evaluated based on visual appearance,structural similarity index measure(SSIM),signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and relative error(RE).For SOS imaging of the tibia–fibula model,the proposed BUIPIGAN achieved accurate SOS imaging with best *** specific quantitative metrics for SOS imaging were SSIM 0.9573,SNR 28.70 dB,and RE 5.78%.For the multi-parameter imaging of the tibia–fibula and human forearm,the BUIPIGAN successfully reconstructed SOS and density distributions with SSIM above 94%,SNR above 21 dB,and RE below 10%.The BUIPIGAN also showed robustness across various noise levels(i.e.,30 dB,10 dB).The results demonstrated that the proposed BUIPIGAN can achieve high-accuracy SOS and density imaging,proving its potential for applications in musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging.

关键词： ultrasound image physics informed generative adversarial network musculoskeletal imaging

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A framework of force of information influence and application for C4KISR system

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Journal of systems engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 430-443页

作者： MAO Shaojie DIAO Lianwang SUN Yu WANG Heng YI Kan XU Xin MAO Xiaobin ZHANG Kecheng SHENG Long Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory The 28th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group CorporationNanjing 210007China Unit 94860 of the PLA Nanjing 210008China

The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.

关键词： information warfare command control communications computer kill intelligence surveillance reconnaissance(C4KISR)system information circulation force of information influence information entropy

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Single-level Discrete Two Dimensional Wavelet Transform Based Multiscale Deep Learning Framework for Two-Wheeler Helmet Classification

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelli...

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EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent systems 2025年第2期12卷 1-13页

作者： Annadurai, Amrutha Prusty, Manas Ranjan Pandey, Trilok Nath Patra, Subhra Rani School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Centre for Cyber Physical Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Information Systems and Operations Management University of Texas at Arlington Texas 76019 United States

INTRODUCTION: A robust method is proposed in this paper to detect helmet usage in two-wheeler riders to enhance road safety. OBJECTIVES: This involves a custom made dataset that contains 1000 images captured under diverse real-world scenarios, including variations in helmet size, colour, and lighting conditions. This dataset has two classes namely with helmet and without helmet. METHODS: The proposed helmet classification approach utilizes the Multi-Scale Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework cascaded with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. Initially the Multi-Scale Deep CNN extracts modes by applying Single-level Discrete 2D Wavelet Transform (dwt2) to decompose the original images. In particular, four different modes are used for segmenting a single image namely approximation, horizontal detail, vertical detail and diagonal detail. After feeding the segmented images into a Multi-Scale Deep CNN model, it is cascaded with an LSTM network. RESULTS: The proposed model achieved accuracies of 99.20% and 95.99% using both 5-Fold Cross-Validation (CV) and Hold-out CV methods, respectively. CONCLUSION: This result was better than the CNN-LSTM, dwt2-LSTM and a tailor made CNN model. © 2025 A. Annadurai et al.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Comparison of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods for Water Quality Prediction 3

A Comparison of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods f...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2025

作者： Srinivasa Gupta, N. Valarmathi, B. Hiwanj, Ishaan Department of Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Software and Systems Engineering School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Information Technology School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527549

Predicting water quality is essential to preserving human health and environmental sustainability. Traditional water quality assessment methods often face scalability and real-time monitoring limitations. With accuracies of 62%, 72%, 83%, 69%, 63%, 66%, 71%, 63%, and 64%, respectively, the current techniques utilized were Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest Regressor, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, and Bagging [9]. This study addresses these challenges by leveraging Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) to balance the dataset and evaluating model performance on datasets of 5,000 and 10,000 entries per class. A robust dataset obtained from Kaggle was used, with five models – Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Random Forest – evaluated and compared. The proposed methods demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, with XGBoost achieving the highest accuracy of 95.53%, followed by Random Forest at 93.98%. This work underscores the importance of advanced machine learning techniques in addressing the limitations of traditional methods, enhancing accuracy, scalability, and adaptability in water quality prediction. These findings contribute to advancing environmental monitoring and management practices with reliable, data-driven insights. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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An efficient multi-objective task scheduling in edge computing using adaptive honey badger optimisation

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International Journal of Web engineering and technology 2024年第2期19卷 110-126页

作者： Nagalakshmi, Bantupalli Subramanian, Sumathy School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Task scheduling, which is important in cloud computing, is one of the most challenging issues in this area. Hence, an efficient and reliable task scheduling approach is needed to produce more efficient resource employment. So, a multi-objective-based task scheduling for edge computing is suggested in this study. This paper develops the adaptive honey badger optimisation algorithm (AHBA) to accomplish this goal. The lack of population, the original honey badger algorithm (HBO) has the issue of becoming trapped in local optima. To maintain population variety and improve convergence towards the ideal solution, HBO is combined with the opposition-based learning technique (OBL). Based on makespan, cost, energy consumption, and resource usage, the multi-objective function is created. According to simulation results, the proposed approach has a lot of potential in this field. Java and cloud Simulator are used to implement the suggested model. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Energy utilization

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PrintAssist - a conversational human-machine interface for 3D printers

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i-com 2023年第1期22卷 3-17页

作者： Jasche, Florian Weber, Philip Liu, Shi Ludwig, Thomas University of Siegen Cyber-Physical Systems Siegen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology Fit Human-Centered Engineering and Design Sankt Augustin Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Information Systems and Marketing Karlsruhe Germany

3D printers are no longer found only in industry, universities or makerspaces but now are increasingly used in domestic settings. Personal fabrication will increase in the coming years, and 3D printing will play an important role in this process. Due to technology and price development, 3D printers are becoming established among casual users at home. However, there are still many hurdles in the use of 3D printers that interfere with their appropriation in everyday life. In this paper, we investigate how chatbots can overcome these hurdles and support onboarding to 3D printing. Furthermore, we explore how chatbots can be used as a human-machine interface and facilitate interaction with 3D printers for both novice and expert users. In a research-through-design approach, we have created a fully functional chatbot that introduces users to 3D printing and helps them perform typical tasks when operating 3D printers. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： 3D printing

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Reconfiguration of vertex-disjoint shortest paths on graphs

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Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 2024年第3期28卷 87-101页

作者： Saito, Rin Eto, Hiroshi Ito, Takehiro Uehara, Ryuhei Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Iizuka Japan School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Japan

We introduce and study reconfiguration problems for (internally) vertex-disjoint shortest paths: Given two tuples of internally vertex-disjoint shortest paths for fixed terminal pairs in an unweighted graph, we are asked to determine whether one tuple can be transformed into the other by exchanging a single vertex of one shortest path in the tuple at a time, so that all intermediate results remain tuples of internally vertex-disjoint shortest paths. We also study the shortest variant of the problem, that is, we wish to minimize the number of vertex-exchange steps required for such a transformation, if exists. These problems generalize the well-studied Shortest Path Reconfiguration problem. In this paper, we analyze the complexity of these problems from the viewpoint of graph classes, and give some interesting contrast. © 2024, Brown University. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph theory

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