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Wital: A COTS WiFi Devices Based Vital Signs Monitoring System Using NLOS Sensing Model

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Xiang Gu, Yu Yan, Huan Wang, Yantong Dong, Mianxiong Ota, Kaoru Ren, Fuji Ji, Yusheng The School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology China I+ Lab School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China The Dept. of Sciences and Informatics Muroran Institute of Technology Japan The National Institute of Informatics Tokyo101-8430 Japan

Vital sign (breathing and heartbeat) monitoring is essential for patient care and sleep disease prevention. Most current solutions are based on wearable sensors or cameras;however, the former could affect sleep quality, while the latter often present privacy concerns. To address these shortcomings, we propose Wital, a contactless vital sign monitoring system based on low-cost and widespread commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Wi-Fi devices. There are two challenges that need to be overcome. First, the torso deformations caused by breathing/heartbeats are weak. How can such deformations be effectively captured? Second, movements such as turning over affect the accuracy of vital sign monitoring. How can such detrimental effects be avoided? For the former, we propose a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing model for modeling the relationship between the energy ratio of line-of-sight (LOS) to NLOS signals and the vital sign monitoring capability using Ricean K theory and use this model to guide the system construction to better capture the deformations caused by breathing/heartbeats. For the latter, we propose a motion segmentation method based on motion regularity detection that accurately distinguishes respiration from other motions, and we remove periods that include movements such as turning over to eliminate detrimental effects. We have implemented and validated Wital on low-cost COTS devices. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of Wital in monitoring vital signs. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Wireless local area networks (WLAN)

Large, Small or Both: A Novel Data Augmentation Framework Based on Language Models for Debiasing Opinion Summarization

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yanyue Li, Pengfei Lai, Yilong Zhou, Deyu He, Yulan School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Ministry of Education Southeast University China Department of Informatics King’s College London United Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute United Kingdom

As more than 70% of reviews in the existing opinion summary data set are positive, current opinion summarization approaches are reluctant to generate negative summaries given the input of negative texts. To address such sentiment bias, a direct approach without the over-reliance on a specific framework is to generate additional data based on large language models to balance the emotional distribution of the dataset. However, data augmentation based on large language models faces two disadvantages: 1) the potential issues or toxicity in the augmented data;2) the expensive costs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation framework based on both large and small language models for debiasing opinion summarization. In specific, a small size of synthesized negative reviews is obtained by rewriting the positive text via a large language model. Then, a disentangle reconstruction model is trained based on the generated data. After training, a large amount of synthetic data can be obtained by decoding the new representation obtained from the combination of different sample representations and filtering based on confusion degree and sentiment classification. Experiments have proved that our framework can effectively alleviate emotional bias same as using only large models, but more economically. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data assimilation

PR-FCNN: a data-driven hybrid approach for predicting PM2.5 concentration

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024年第1期4卷 1-22页

作者： Inam, Syed Azeem Khan, Abdullah Ayub Mazhar, Tehseen Ahmed, Noor Shahzad, Tariq Khan, Muhammad Amir Saeed, Mamoon M. Hamam, Habib Department of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Sciences Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi74000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science Bahria University Karachi Campus Sindh Karachi75000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and information Technology School Education Department Government of Punjab Layyah 31200 Pakistan Department of Computer Science Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal57000 Pakistan School of Computing Sciences College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Shah Alam40450 Malaysia Sana’a Yemen Faculty of Engineering Uni de Moncton MonctonNBE1A3E9 Canada School of Electrical Engineering University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2006 South Africa Av. Grandes Ecoles Libreville BP 1989 Gabon Bridges for Academic Excellence Spectrum Tunis Tunisia

The atmosphere’s fine articulate Matter (PM2.5) poses various health-related risks. Even though multiple efforts have been made to lower the emissions of these substances, the mortality rate is continuously increasing, requiring immediate inclination of the scientific community towards the design and development of advanced predictive models. Conventional statistical approaches have become dormant due to their limitations in capturing the innate relationships between the pollutants, particularly for predicting PM2.5 concentrations. In contrast, machine and deep learning techniques have shown great potential for forecasting air quality, providing more accuracy than its predecessor techniques. The present study investigates the utilization of hybrid approaches by integrating machine learning models with deep learning models to improve the prediction capabilities of PM2.5 concentration. It uses datasets from the World Air Quality Index (WAQI) and the State of Global Air (SOGA) to analyze the performance of the models on both the daily and annual data, respectively. This ensures the model’s effectiveness on a diversified dataset. The present study implements Random Forest (RF), Polynomial Regression (PR), XGBoost, and Extra Tree Regressor (ETR) coupled with Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) for obtaining optimized results. Finally, after a thorough investigation, the hybrid PR model coupled with FCNN (PR-FCNN) is found to be the best model with improved R-squared (R2) values, portraying its potential for predicting PM2.5 concentration accurately. Based on the experimentation, the preset study recommends implementing hybrid approaches, offering better predictive accuracy in forecasting air pollutants, especially PM2.5. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Health risks

Comparing Ensemble Learning Techniques on Data Transmission Reduction for IoT Systems 1st

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Comparing Ensemble Learning Techniques on Data Transmission...

1st International Conference on Advances in Computing Research, ACR’23

作者： Salah, Ahmad Bekhit, Mahmoud Alkalbani, Asma M. Mohamed, Mohamed A. Lestari, Nur I. Fathalla, Ahmed Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig University Zagazig Sharkia Egypt Information Technology Department College of Computing and Information Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences Ibri Ad Dhahirah516 Oman Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Kent Institute Australia SydneyNSW Australia 2P Perfect Presentation Riyadh Riyadh Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers and Informatics Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9783031337420

The Internet of Things (IoT) systems include a massive number of connected devices. The communication between these devices requires a huge amount of communication. Thus, it is very crucial for an IoT system to reduce communication volumes by minimizing the amount of data transmission. There are several approaches to achieving the goal of data transmission reduction, such as data compression and dual prediction. Dual prediction schemes received more attention in comparison to data compression. The mainstream techniques for proposing dual prediction schemes in the literature can be classified into two main groups, namely, filter-based and deep learning-based methods. The filter-based methods, such as the 1-D Kalman filter, are lightweight in terms of running time and the model’s memory requirements. On the other hand, deep learning-based methods require more memory space and training time, but deep learning models are more accurate as predictive models in comparison to filter-based methods in dual prediction schemes. There are very limited efforts to utilize machine learning methods in dual prediction schemes as a compromise between the aforementioned mainstream techniques. In this work, we extended one of these limited efforts, which utilizes boosting ensemble learning as a machine learning predictive method in a proposed dual prediction scheme. The current work proposes exploring the performance gap between the three main approaches to ensemble learning, namely, boosting, stacking, and bagging. The three proposed ensemble learning models are evaluated on a real dataset and compared against state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results show that among the ensemble learning models, boosting and bagging models are better than the stacking model, but the three proposed ensemble learning models outperformed the state-of-the-art methods of comparison. For instance, the average numbers of mispredictions for all of the experiments were 580, 551, and 1,106 for boosting, ba

关键词： Forecasting

Relip: Reliable in-Band Parallel Communication for Magnetic MIMO Wireless Power Transfer System

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Wang, Xinyu Zhou, Wangqiu Zhou, Hao Jiang, Shenyao Liu, Zhi Wang, Xiaoyan Ji, Yusheng Song, Qi City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Hong Kong University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230027 China The University of Electro-Communications Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering Tokyo182-8585 Japan Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki310-8512 Japan National Institute of Informatics Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division Tokyo101-0003 Japan

In magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) based wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, receiver (RX) feedback communication is promising to enhance the capability and efficiency of the system. Although some studies have explored in-band implementations with low overhead costs, it has not been comprehensively investigated. In this paper, we propose Relip, a Reliable layer-level in-band parallel feedback communication mechanism for MIMO MRC-WPT systems, which addresses the impact of RX-RX couplings (i.e., non-negligible interference from strong couplings and positive effects of relay phenomenon), and provides a theoretical analysis of communication reliability. Technically, we first devise an On-Off based two-phase modulation mechanism to achieve RX identification and dependency detection under relay phenomenon. Then, we utilize observed channel decomposability to collect group-level power transfer channel conditions for eliminating the interference caused by strong RX-RX couplings. Furthermore, we perform RX selection to optimize the trade-off between communication reliability and time overhead. We design and implement the Relip prototype and conduct extensive experiments. The results validate the effectiveness of our mechanism, i.e., Relip can provide ≥99% average decoding accuracy for concurrent feedback communication of 14 devices, achieving an 18.31% improvement compared to the state-of-the-art solution. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Inductive power transmission

Hyper Elliptic Curve Based Certificateless Signcryption Scheme for Secure IIoT Communications

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2515-2532页

作者： Usman Ali Mohd Yamani Idna Idris Jaroslav Frnda Mohamad Nizam Bin Ayub Roobaea Alroobaea Fahad Almansour Nura Modi Shagari Insaf Ullah Ihsan Ali Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Computer Science University of SwatSaidu Sharif19130Pakistan Center for Research in Mobile Cloud Computing University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and CommunicationsUniversity of Zilina01026 ZilinaSlovakia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences and Arts in RassQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Hamdard Institute of Engineering and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

Industrial internet of things (IIoT) is the usage of internet of things(IoT) devices and applications for the purpose of sensing, processing andcommunicating real-time events in the industrial system to reduce the unnecessary operational cost and enhance manufacturing and other industrial-relatedprocesses to attain more profits. However, such IoT based smart industriesneed internet connectivity and interoperability which makes them susceptibleto numerous cyber-attacks due to the scarcity of computational resourcesof IoT devices and communication over insecure wireless channels. Therefore, this necessitates the design of an efficient security mechanism for IIoTenvironment. In this paper, we propose a hyperelliptic curve cryptography(HECC) based IIoT Certificateless Signcryption (IIoT-CS) scheme, with theaim of improving security while lowering computational and communicationoverhead in IIoT environment. HECC with 80-bit smaller key and parameterssizes offers similar security as elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) with 160-bitlong key and parameters sizes. We assessed the IIoT-CS scheme security byapplying formal and informal security evaluation techniques. We used Realor Random (RoR) model and the widely used automated validation of internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) simulation tool for formalsecurity analysis and proved that the IIoT-CS scheme provides resistance tovarious attacks. Our proposed IIoT-CS scheme is relatively less expensivecompared to the current state-of-the-art in terms of computational cost andcommunication overhead. Furthermore, the IIoT-CS scheme is 31.25% and 51.31% more efficient in computational cost and communication overhead,respectively, compared to the most recent protocol.

关键词： IoT security authentication protocols hyperelliptic curve cryptography certificateless public key cryptography

Causal Prompting: Debiasing Large Language Model Prompting based on Front-Door Adjustment

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Congzhi Zhang, Linhai Wu, Jialong He, Yulan Zhou, Deyu School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Ministry of Education Southeast University China Department of Informatics King’s College London United Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute United Kingdom

Despite the notable advancements of existing prompting methods, such as In-Context Learning and Chain-of-Thought for Large Language Models (LLMs), they still face challenges related to various biases. Traditional debiasing methods primarily focus on the model training stage, including approaches based on data augmentation and reweighting, yet they struggle with the complex biases inherent in LLMs. To address such limitations, the causal relationship behind the prompting methods is uncovered using a structural causal model, and a novel causal prompting method based on front-door adjustment is proposed to effectively mitigate LLMs biases. In specific, causal intervention is achieved by designing the prompts without accessing the parameters and logits of LLMs. The chain-of-thought generated by LLM is employed as the mediator variable and the causal effect between input prompts and output answers is calculated through front-door adjustment to mitigate model biases. Moreover, to accurately represent the chain-of-thoughts and estimate the causal effects, contrastive learning is used to fine-tune the encoder of chain-of-thought by aligning its space with that of the LLM. Experimental results show that the proposed causal prompting approach achieves excellent performance across seven natural language processing datasets on both open-source and closed-source LLMs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

Joint System Latency and Data Freshness Optimization for Cache-enabled Mobile Crowdsensing Networks

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shi, Kexin Fu, Yaru Guo, Yongna Wang, Fu Lee Zhang, Yan School of Science and Technology Hong Kong Metropolitan University Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Department of Informatics University of Oslo Norway

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) networks enable large-scale data collection by leveraging the ubiquity of mobile devices. However, frequent sensing and data transmission can lead to significant resource consumption. To mitigate this issue, edge caching has been proposed as a solution for storing recently collected data. Nonetheless, this approach may compromise data freshness. In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between re-using cached task results and re-sensing tasks in cache-enabled MCS networks, aiming to minimize system latency while maintaining information freshness. To this end, we formulate a weighted delay and age of information (AoI) minimization problem, jointly optimizing sensing decisions, user selection, channel selection, task allocation, and caching strategies. The problem is a mixed-integer non-convex programming problem which is intractable. Therefore, we decompose the long-term problem into sequential one-shot sub-problems and design a framework that optimizes system latency, task sensing decision, and caching strategy subproblems. When one task is re-sensing, the one-shot problem simplifies to the system latency minimization problem, which can be solved optimally. The task sensing decision is then made by comparing the system latency and AoI. Additionally, a Bayesian update strategy is developed to manage the cached task results. Building upon this framework, we propose a lightweight and time-efficient algorithm that makes real-time decisions for the long-term optimization problem. Extensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of our approach. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integer programming

Implementation of PID Control as a One Axis Balancing Control System on the Bicopter Vehicle

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Implementation of PID Control as a One Axis Balancing Contro...

Converging Technology in Electrical and Information engineering (ICCTEIE), International Conference on

作者： Akhmad Jayadi Faisal Dharma Adhinata Jaka Persada Sembiring Novia Utami Putri Elka Pranita Arif Setiawan Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Universitas Teknokrat Indonesian Lampung Indonesia Faculty of Informatics Institute Technology Telkom Purwokerto Central Java Indonesia

This Bicopter is an unmanned aircraft with two brushless motor drive systems connected to propellers in a horizontal parallel position. The problem that often occurs in bicopters is stability or flight balance. When the vehicle cannot control or maintain its balance angle, it is most likely that the bicopter vehicle will fall while flying. Thus, a research design is carried out that can develop and overcome problems in Bicopter stability through PID Control Implementation as a One Axis Balancing Control System on the Bicopter Vehicle. This study aims to find out how to apply the PID control system as a balance controller on the bicopter and to see the results of the dynamic response generated by the PID control system using testing methods using different load weights and load positions. The research results show that the prototype of the bicopter vehicle with PID controller has been successfully made and can work well in carrying out balance control. By providing a value of Kp = 2.4329, Ki = 0.000821, Kd = 603.98901, and a Throttle of 1600 rpm, it produces a dynamic response in the form of the smallest Steady State Error value of 0.16 and the largest value of 9.29, the smallest Rise Time is 0.22s and the largest is 1.92s, The biggest overshoot is 6.68 and the smallest is -0.17. The biggest settling time is 3.36s, and the smallest is 0.92s

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