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2022 IEEE International Conference on computing, ICOCO 2022

作者： Ibrahim, Zul-Azri Razali, Rina Azlin Ismail, Saiful Adli Azhar, Iman Hakimi Khairil Rahim, Fiza Abdul Azilan, Ahmad Muzafaraidil Ahmad Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy College of Computing and Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor Kajang Malaysia Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Universiti Tenaga Nasional Department of Computing College of Computing and Informatics Selangor Kajang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489966

Cyber-attacks are a common issue in this modern era because of the introduction of high-speed networks and the use of new technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which fuel the rapid expansion of cyber-attack. One of the common cyber-attacks is botnet attacks. Hackers use botnet attacks to exploit newly discovered vulnerabilities in order to conduct intensive scraping, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, and other large-scale cybercrime. With their adaptable and dynamic character, botnets work with a botmaster to plan their activities, modify their codes, and update the bots regularly to avoid detection. Researchers use numerous techniques to detect the botnet. However, botmasters nowadays have improved due to avoiding security in detection. As the communication can leave traces that allow researchers to detect the botnet's existence, this paper will review 15 related works on botnet detection that utilize machine learning to predict the botnet communication with the command-and-control (C&C or C2) center based on the network traffic log. This paper summarizes the related works based on the dataset, environment, botnet type, features employed, and machine learning techniques. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Botnet

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Exploring spectral collocation methods for diffusion models with variable coefficients in heat transfer studies

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Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics 2025年

作者： Ihteram Ali Nadia Kamal Abdulrahman Obaid Alshammari Rahman Ullah Imtiaz Ahmad Department of Mathematics Women University Swabi Swabi 23430 Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Jouf University Sakaka 72388 Saudi Arabia Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE) Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang Selangor Malaysia

The diffusion equation with variable coefficients is widely applied in heat transfer to model the distribution of temperature in materials with spatially varying thermal properties, allowing for accurate simulation of heat conduction in heterogeneous media, accounting for changes in material composition and thermal conductivity. In this work, an effective method for numerically solving the one-dimensional diffusion equation with variable coefficients is presented. This approach utilizes a hybrid method that combines Lucas and Fibonacci polynomials with finite differences to convert the problem into a time-discrete form using the forward finite difference approach. Then, the derivative of the function is estimated using Fibonacci polynomials. The proposed method is applied to both linear and nonlinear one-dimensional problems, and its efficacy is verified by comparing the obtained results with those of alternative methods. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated through comparison with the exact solution and other methods found in the literature.

关键词： Hybrid spectral collocation methods Fibonacci polynomials Lucas polynomials Numerical method Finite differences Diffusion equation

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Willingness of Electricity Consumer in Malaysia to Share Electric energy Consumption Data

Willingness of Electricity Consumer in Malaysia to Share Ele...

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7th International Conference on Advances in Visual informatics, IVIC 2021

作者： Yussof, Salman Mohd Zulkefle, Nurul Nazeera Yusoff, Yunus Abu Bakar, Asmidar Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang Malaysia Tenaga Nasional Berhad Kuala Lumpur Malaysia College of Computing and Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030902346

Data sharing is a process of interchanging data among multiple data sources in a controllable access manner. Successful data sharing of information belong to public depends on public support. Analyzing household electric consumption data and user behaviour profile based on household electricity demand are also vital to enhance energy efficiency in Malaysia. This research used quantitative methodology via survey method. A set of questionnaires was developed to identify the willingness of electricity consumer in Malaysia on sharing their electric energy consumption data and types of incentives preferred. A total of 424 responses were successfully gathered and was analyzed using SPSS software. This survey proves that electricity consumer in Malaysia are willing to share their energy consumption data regardless of demographic profiles, with or without awareness of PDPA and technology that may capture their data. These findings indicate that data sharing related to energy consumption can potentially be successful since statistic shows that the public are willing to share their energy consumption data. The result of this study may help researcher who are planning to develop data sharing platform to increase public willingness to share their energy data. The availability of data sharing platform can assist research community during data gathering process which later can be analyzed to identify areas of improvement to be undertaken by the industry. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： energy efficiency

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Information Overload: The Effects of Large Amounts of Information 1

Information Overload: The Effects of Large Amounts of Inform...

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1st International Conference Information Technology to Enhance E-Learning and other Application, IT-ELA 2020

作者： Mahdi, Mohammed N. Ahmad, Abdul R. Ismail, Roslan Subhi, Mohammed A. Abdulrazzaq, Mohammed M. Qassim, Qais S. Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy Universiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor Malaysia Universiti Tenaga Nasional College of Computing Informatics Department of Computing Selangor Malaysia Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy College of Computing Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering Selangor Malaysia International Islamic University Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Ibri College Department of Information Technology Oman

ISBN: (纸本)9781728182339

There is an immense amount of information available on the web. In no small part, this wealth of knowledge has challenged scientists continued to search for ways to make the information as easy as possible for end-users. Exploratory quest is transparent and has many characteristics that allow users to find relevant information and to improve their comprehension of the task involved. A comprehensive study is performed on various findings focused on the solutions to the overload issue and has shown that the use of faceted filters minimizes the abundance of information. This paper also discusses information overload and exploratory testing features, such as facial scanning, which can mitigate the effect of clear marine filters. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Exploratory search Faceted energy Faceted search Information filtering Information overload

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Enhanced Continuous Face Recognition Algorithm for Bandwidth Constrained Network in Real Time Application 2020

Enhanced Continuous Face Recognition Algorithm for Bandwidth...

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9th International Conference on informatics, Environment, energy and Applications, IEEA 2020

作者： Dzulkifly, Sumayyah Aris, Hazleen Janahiraman, Tiagrajah V. Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy Universiti Tenaga Nasional Malaysia College of Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376891

Current advancement in technologies enables improvements in terms of general welfare and security to be made. These days, biometric recognition is highly regarded as one of the safest and unique ways to verify, authenticate and provide access to the users. One known biometric recognition type is face. Face recognition (FR) is widely used for a number of reasons, ranging from verification purpose or to enabling access. While numerous studies on FR algorithm are carried out, there are still few researches that elaborate on the real-time application of the proposed algorithms. In this paper, the development of an FR algorithm meant for real-time application is described. The algorithm is developed based on the Discrete Krawtchouk Moment (DKM), which is known for its wide application in FR. Our work extends other work in this area by having an algorithm that is able to perform the recognition swiftly without consuming a lot of network bandwidth. Evaluation performed using two different types of camera of different resolutions confirms the ability of the proposed algorithm to fulfil its objectives. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Face recognition

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Statistical Analysis of CPU Power Consumption for Detecting DGA Botnet Command and Control Communication

Statistical Analysis of CPU Power Consumption for Detecting ...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on computing, ICOCO 2024

作者： Ibrahim, Zul-Azri Ismail, Saiful Adli Rahim, Fiza Abdul Abas, Muhammad Hazim bin Khairul Anuar, Muhammad Idris bin Azwan, Aiman Harith Bin Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy College of Computing and Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor Kajang Malaysia Faculty Artificial Intelligence Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Computing College of Computing and Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor Kajang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530303

Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA) Botnets represent a significant threat to network security due to their ability to mask Command and Control (C&C) communications with botmaster. Traditional detection methods like domain blacklists have struggle to keep pace with the dynamic nature of these botnets. This research explores an alternative detection approach by investigating the use of CPU power consumption as an indicator for detecting DGA botnet in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The power consumption data was collected and analyzed from a testbed comprising infected Raspberry Pi devices with DGA-based botnets. Statistical methods that include Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests, were used to determine if significant differences in CPU power consumption exist across the botnet phases. The results show that CPU power consumption is significantly higher during both the C&C and attack phases compared to normal operation. Additionally, the attack phase exhibits greater power consumption variance, suggesting unstable resource utilization. These findings highlight the potential of using power consumption data as a key metric for identifying botnet activities in IoT systems. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Bot (Internet)

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Methodology for a Large Scale Building Internet of Things Retrofit 8

Methodology for a Large Scale Building Internet of Things Re...

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8th International Conference on Information Technology and Multimedia, ICIMU 2020

作者： Dzulkifly, Sumayyah Aris, Hazleen Jorgensen, Bo Norregaard Santos, Athila Quaresma Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN Selangor Malaysia Center for Energy Informatics Mærsk Mc-Kinney Mller Institute University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173108

With the presence of sensing technologies today, buildings can be built fitted with various sensors and systems to encourage energy efficiency and sustainability. However, legacy buildings are not originally built to support internet-of-things (IoT) technology or to promote sustainability. Thus, legacy buildings that are still being actively used today require retrofitting works to improve the efficiency of the buildings. Retrofitting the legacy buildings with IoT capabilities can be very challenging due to the active use of the buildings, dynamic building functions, undocumented indoor modifications and vulnerable physical structure, among others. Therefore, a comprehensive methodology is needed for systematic deployment of the sensors and associated systems into the building, covering a complete cycle from identifying the needs and requirements of the system until its full operation. This study aims to devise and advocate a methodology for systematic retrofitting of sensors in legacy buildings and hence enabling the collection of energy consumption data. To do that, a 20-year old six-storey academic building in one of the institutes of higher learning in Malaysia is used as a case study. This paper explains the first part of the progressive development of the proposed methodology, which is on the protocol for the placement of the sensors and devices. The outcome of this study details the operational planning that can be referred to for future buildings retrofitting work on a similar scale. Issues and challenges faced in the process of establishing the protocol are also discussed. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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VR-Based Relaxation Therapy for Customer Service Staff: A Pilot Study

VR-Based Relaxation Therapy for Customer Service Staff: A Pi...

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7th International Conference on Advances in Visual informatics, IVIC 2021

作者： Ibrahim, Nazrita Mohd Mahidin, Eze Manzura Mohd Yusof, Azmi Rusli, Mohd Ezanee Iskandar, Nur Suria Zaharuddin, Farhah Amaliya Mahalil, Imran Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang Malaysia College of Computing and Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang Malaysia UNITEN R&D Sdn Bhd Kajang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030902346

Customer service staff are the frontliners of any organisation. They act as the first stop centre for customer or client to report complaints or feedback. However, this job also comes with a stressful working condition. For this reason, XperionVR™, a Virtual Reality-based relaxation therapy system was developed with the intention of providing easy access for employees to manage their stress by practising relaxation techniques. This paper describes the evaluation of XperionVR™ conducted among the staff of a customer service unit of a large utility company. This pilot study aims to gather participants’ perception of the effectiveness of each element in the therapy component of the VR-based relaxation therapy system in helping them to relax or reduce their stress level. The procedure involves participants going through the therapy session, and feedback on the experience was gathered using questionnaire, direct observation, and interview. Forty participants had voluntarily participated in the pilot study. Based on the result of the analysis, it could be observed that most participants felt that the system managed to make them feel more relaxed and reduce their stress level. However, two challenges observed were i) due to the nature of customer service staff who only have short break time, it is important for any VR-based relaxation therapy system to be designed with the ability to provide optimal therapy outcome within a short period of time and ii) the system should consist of a feature that can provide a quick demonstration for users with no experience of using a virtual reality system on how to navigate the system. Without the demonstration, users will have difficulty using the system, which in turn, will cause adverse effect to the overall therapy experience. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Using Drones and Robots for Social Distancing: Literature Review, Challenges and Issues

Using Drones and Robots for Social Distancing: Literature Re...

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2024 Panhellenic Conference on Electronics and Telecommunications, PACET 2024

作者： Murad, Sallar Salam Badeel, Rozin Ahmed, Reham A. Yussof, Salman Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy Kajang43000 Malaysia Department of Communication Technology and Network Seri Kembangan43000 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350318845

Since the number of recorded instances of COVID-19 and the number of deaths linked with the virus are both on the rise, it is crucial to maintain an appropriate level of social distance and wear masks to prevent the transmission of coronavirus. The goal of the Social Distancing is to determine if a given pair of persons is keeping a suitable amount of space from one another. Quarantining infected areas and limiting the spread of viruses in both social and physical settings have been made easier with the help of a number of promising robotic technologies that aid people and healthcare experts in the tracking of virus symptoms, the care of infected individuals, and the avoidance of further infection and spread. In this study, we examine the most up-to-date strategies, structures, and tools for utilizing drones in non-social contexts. Additionally, difficulties, problems, and restrictions within the existing literature are addressed. The primary goal of this study is to aid and educate developers and readers interested in deploying drones and robots' technology to battle COVID-19, and to expose the challenges observed in the previous studies to allow the researcher to improve their methods and systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Transient Analysis of Electrical Circuits using Block Backward Differentiation Formula 2020

Transient Analysis of Electrical Circuits using Block Backwa...

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9th International Conference on informatics, Environment, energy and Applications, IEEA 2020

作者： Zawawi, Iskandar Shah Mohd Aris, Hazleen Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang Malaysia Center for Energy Informatics Mærsk McKinney Moller Institute University of Southern Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376891

Transient is the time-varying currents and voltages resulting from the sudden change in supply current or voltage. This phenomenon usually occurs due to any switching, interrupting, short-circuiting as well as any rapid changes in the structure of an electrical circuit. To avoid any damage in certain components resulting from the transient, it is important to analyze the change of voltage or current across the circuit elements. This paper studies the transient analysis of a second order RLC circuit that consists of resistors (R) and two energy storage elements, which are inductor (L) and capacitor (C). Such circuit is normally represented in the form of second order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and such problems are not easily solved analytically. Therefore, a numerical method, namely block backward differentiation formula (BBDF) is applied for solving the ODEs by taking into consideration the damping factor and change in charge with respect to time. This method has the advantage that in each application, the solution is computed at two points simultaneously, which can give faster solutions to the problem. Numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the capability of the proposed method. It is shown that the numerical solutions approximate the analytical solutions. The performance of the BBDF is compared with the Euler's method, Heun's method and Runge-Kutta method in terms of accuracy. Results obtained show that the proposed method is reliable for transient analysis of electrical circuit due to its comparable degree of accuracy. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Transient analysis

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