The propagation of a radio signal emitted by a spacecraft through the Earth's ionosphere is considered. The influence of the ionosphere and traveling ionospheric disturbances on the propagation of a radio signal o...
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Climate downscaling is used to transform large-scale meteorological data into small-scale data with enhanced detail,which finds wide applications in climate modeling,numerical weather forecasting,and renewable *** dee...
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Climate downscaling is used to transform large-scale meteorological data into small-scale data with enhanced detail,which finds wide applications in climate modeling,numerical weather forecasting,and renewable *** deeplearning-based downscaling methods effectively capture the complex nonlinear mapping between meteorological data of varying scales,the supervised deep-learning-based downscaling methods suffer from insufficient high-resolution data in practice,and unsupervised methods struggle with accurately inferring small-scale specifics from limited large-scale inputs due to small-scale *** article presents DualDS,a dual-learning framework utilizing a Generative Adversarial Network–based neural network and subgrid-scale auxiliary information for climate *** a learning method is unified in a two-stream framework through up-and downsamplers,where the downsampler is used to simulate the information loss process during the upscaling,and the upsampler is used to reconstruct lost details and correct errors incurred during the *** dual learning strategy can eliminate the dependence on high-resolution ground truth data in the training process and refine the downscaling results by constraining the mapping *** findings demonstrate that DualDS is comparable to several state-of-the-art deep learning downscaling approaches,both qualitatively and ***,for a single surface-temperature data downscaling task,our method is comparable with other unsupervised algorithms with the same dataset,and we can achieve a 0.469 dB higher peak signal-to-noise ratio,0.017 higher structural similarity,0.08 lower RMSE,and the best correlation *** summary,this paper presents a novel approach to addressing small-scale uncertainty issues in unsupervised downscaling processes.
This study applies single-valued neutrosophic sets, which extend the frameworks of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to graph theory. We introduce a new category of graphs called Single-Valued Heptapartitioned Neut...
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Urban traffic management at pedestrian crossings presents considerable issues, such as pedestrian safety, congestion, and effective prioritizing of emergency vehicles. Traditional traffic signal systems are frequently...
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Orbital angular momentum(OAM) modes provide an additional orthogonal physical dimension, offering transformative potential for enhancing optical communication capacity. Despite significant progress in mode multiplexin...
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Orbital angular momentum(OAM) modes provide an additional orthogonal physical dimension, offering transformative potential for enhancing optical communication capacity. Despite significant progress in mode multiplexing, the development of robust communication networks faces persistent challenges, particularly in effectively routing and controlling these multiplexed channels among network nodes. To tackle these dilemmas, we propose a rotatable diffractive neural network(R-DNN) strategy and demonstrate its capability for port-controllable OAM mode routing. By leveraging the correlation between the orthogonal evolution of OAM modes in free space and phase modulations during propagation, the R-DNN precisely shapes the spatial evolution of mode fields through multiple rotatable phase layers, enabling efficient routing to specific output ports. This approach exploits the interaction of secondary wavelets with the relative states of the rotatable layers, allowing on-demand control of mode evolution paths and enhancing routing flexibility. As a proof of concept, we developed a tri-functional router that successfully directs three OAM modes to individually controllable output ports. This router achieves an average intermode crosstalk of less than-16.4 dB across three functional states, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and cross-connected switching, while supporting the routing of 5.85 Tbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals. These results highlight the R-DNN's effectiveness in achieving precise and controllable OAM mode manipulation, paving the way for advanced applications in mode-multiplexed communication networks and beyond.
Cryptography is an essential tool in ensuring the security of data during network communication. Network and service providers prioritize data security to ensure secure data exchanges. Ethiopic cryptography is a uniqu...
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Complex networks enable to represent and characterize the interactions between entities in various complex systems which widely exist in the real world and usually generate vast amounts of data about all the elements,...
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Thee-vote is regarded as a waytoexpress the opinion that the voters ask for. Actually, the e-vote could be applied wildly likequestionnaire,***,thecoexistences of efficiency and security as well as transparency and pr...
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The proposed system for recognizing Myanmar sign language between individuals who are deaf. The aim of this study is to develop deep learning models for the purpose of accurately identifying dynamic hand gesture image...
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The propagation of a radio signal emitted by a spacecraft through the Earth's ionosphere is considered. The influence of the ionosphere and traveling ionospheric disturbances on the propagation of a radio signal o...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331532635
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331532642
The propagation of a radio signal emitted by a spacecraft through the Earth's ionosphere is considered. The influence of the ionosphere and traveling ionospheric disturbances on the propagation of a radio signal of the decimeter and meter ranges is studied. The following are calculated: deviations of rays from rectilinear propagation, changes in delay time, phase lag, and phase deviation. The total electron concentration and Faraday rotation are calculated in the presence of ionospheric inhomogeneities. The influence of the ionosphere on the absorption of a radio signal, its amplitude, and polarization is analyzed.
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