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Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第06期 1092-1109页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH James REAGAN Huai-Min ZHANG Andrea STORTO Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Yujing ZHU Michael E.MANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Boyin HUANG Garrett GRAHAM Xungang YIN Viktor GOURETSKI Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Gengxin CHEN Rongwang ZHANG Alexey MISHONOV Zhetao TAN Wangxu WEI Huifeng YUAN Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU Juan DU Kewei LYU Albertus SULAIMAN Michael MAYER Huizan WANG Zhanhong MA Senliang BAO Henqian YAN Zenghong LIU Chunxue YANG Xu LIU Zeke HAUSFATHER Tanguy SZEKELY Flora GUES National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of St. Thomas School of Engineering NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research University of Auckland National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) Mercator Ocean International Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Pennsylvania Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of China North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies (NCICS) North Carolina State University Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Oceanography Hohai University National Marine Data and Information Service Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica eVulcanologia Sede di Bologna South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of Maryland Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration Ministry of Ecology and Environment National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Xiamen University Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Department European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Department of Meteorology and Geophysics University of Vienna College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources Stripe Inc. South San Francisco Ocean Scope CELAD

Heating in the ocean has continued in 2024 in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere,despite the transition from an El Ni?o to neutral conditions. In 2024, both global sea surface temperature(SST) and upper2000 m ocean heat content(OHC) reached unprecedented highs in the historical record. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2024exceeded that of 2023 by 16 ± 8 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules = 1021 Joules, with a 95% confidence interval)(IAP/CAS data), which is confirmed by two other data products: 18 ± 7 ZJ(CIGAR-RT reanalysis data) and 40 ± 31 ZJ(Copernicus Marine data,updated to November 2024). The Indian Ocean, tropical Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean also experienced record-high OHC values in 2024. The global SST continued its record-high values from2023 into the first half of 2024, and declined slightly in the second half of 2024, resulting in an annual mean of 0.61°C ±0.02°C(IAP/CAS data) above the 1981–2010 baseline, slightly higher than the 2023 annual-mean value(by 0.07°C ±0.02°C for IAP/CAS, 0.05°C ± 0.02°C for NOAA/NCEI, and 0.06°C ± 0.11°C for Copernicus Marine). The record-high values of 2024 SST and OHC continue to indicate unabated trends of global heating.

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Cyber security situation awareness based on data mining

Cyber security situation awareness based on data mining

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3rd International Conference on Materials Science and information technology, MSIT 2013

作者： Jie, Liu Feng, Xue Wei Li, Jin Wang, Dong Xia Beijing Institute of System Engineer Nation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Information System Security Beijing 100101 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037857700

Situation awareness is a kind of the third generation of information security technology, which aims to provide the global security views of the cyberspace for administrators. A framework of cyber security situation awareness based on data mining is proposed in this paper. The framework can be viewed from two perspectives, one is data flow, which presents the abstracting of cyber data, and the other one is logic view, which presents the procedure of situation awareness. The framework's core component is correlation state machine, which is an extension of state machine. The correlation state machine is a data structure of achieving situation awareness, which is created based on the technology of data mining. After being created, it can be used to assess and predict the threat situation to achieve cyber knowledge. We conclude with an example of how the framework can be applied to real world to provide cyber security situation for administrators. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Data mining

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An efficient binary salp swarm algorithm for user selection in multiuser MIMO antenna systems

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-17页

作者： Sasikumar, A. Ravi, Logesh Devarajan, Malathi Almazyad, Abdulaziz S. De, Shuvodeep Xiong, Guojiang Mousavirad, Seyed Jalaleddin Mohamed, Ali Wagdy Department of Data Science and Business Systems Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur 603203 India Centre for Advanced Data Science Tamil Nadu Chennai 600127 India School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai 600127 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia Virginia Tech Blacksburg United States Guizhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology in Power System College of Electrical Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering Mid Sweden University Sundsvall Sweden Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman 11931 Jordan Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura 140401 India

The past ten years have seen notable research activity and significant advancements in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) antennas. An MU-MIMO antenna system must accommodate many subscribers without additional bandwidth or energy. User scheduling becomes a critical strategy to take advantage of multiuser heterogeneity and acquire maximum gain in systems where the total number of recipients exceeds the number of transmitting antennas. Due to their high computational cost, many user selection methods currently in use, such as greedy algorithms and exhaustive search are unsuitable for MU-MIMO systems. A suitable scheduling mechanism is essential for the various users in an MU-MIMO system to utilise bandwidth and enhance the system’s total rate effectively. In this article, we proposed a user and antenna scheduling with a population-based meta-heuristic approach, namely the binary salp swarm algorithm (binary SSA), to increase the system sum rate with low computing complexity. We specifically used a population-based meta-heuristics optimisation technique to simulate the user scheduling problem in MU-MIMO systems, characterising complicated issues with binary decisions. Additionally, binary SSA significantly outperforms existing population-based models, such as the binary bat algorithm (binary BA), PSO, SSA, FPA and binary flower pollination algorithm (binary FPA), regarding system throughput/sum rate. The proposed binary SSA technique also effectively achieves a system sum rate compared to a random search scheme and other existing suboptimal scheduling methods. Compared to binary BA and binary FPA approaches, the binary SSA has a higher convergence rate and superior searching capabilities. The simulation outcomes show the proposed binary SSA-based scheduling scheme delivers noticeable performance benefits. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Antenna Binary salp swarm algorithm Metaheuristics optimization Multiuser MIMO User scheduling

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Glaucoma identification with retinal fundus images using deep learning: systematic review

引用

Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2025年 56卷

作者： Meedeniya, Dulani Shyamalee, Thisara Lim, Gilbert Yogarajah, Pratheepan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Moratuwa Moratuwa 10400 Sri Lanka First-Year Division Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe 10115 Sri Lanka SingHealth AI Health Program SingHealth Group Singapore 168582 Singapore School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent System Ulster University Londonderry BT48 7JL United Kingdom

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a chronic eye condition that damages the optic nerve and, if left untreated, can lead to vision loss and a decreased quality of life. Therefore, there is a need to explore practical and reliable mechanisms for glaucoma identification. This study systematically reviews deep-learning approaches for glaucoma identification using retinal fundus images from 2018 to 2024. Compared to existing survey studies, we cover the latest research, including several public retinal fundus image datasets, and focus on segmentation, classification based on convolutional neural networks and vision transformers, and explainability. The findings of this study, including comparisons of existing methods and key insights, will assist researchers and developers in identifying the most suitable techniques for glaucoma detection. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Artificial intelligence Classification Deep learning Explainability Glaucoma Segmentation Trustworthiness

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Audio information hiding algorithm based on energy compare

Audio information hiding algorithm based on energy compare

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2012 IEEE International Conference on computer Science and Automation engineering, CSAE 2012

作者： Fu, Xihui Ding, Wenlong College of Computer Information and Engineer Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology Heilongjiang 150027 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467300865

This paper presents an audio information hiding algorithm based on energy compare. It embeds a speech as the secret message into original audio signal, and transmits the secret message in the public channel. Using energy compare method, the original audio information not only have good transparency but also has strong anti-disturbance ability against noise, compression and filter. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Increasing the performance of crab linux router simulation package using XEN

Increasing the performance of crab linux router simulation p...

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International Conference on Industrial and information systems

作者： Abbas, Haider Sundkvist, Stefan Department of Computer and System Sciences Royal Institute of Technology Sweden School of Information and Communication Technology Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781424403219

Nowadays hardware components are very expensive, especially if the prime purpose is to perform some routing related lab exercises. Physically connected network resources are required to get the desired results. Configuration of network resources in a lab exercise consumes much time of the students and scientists. The router simulation package Crab(1), based on KnoppW, Quagga' and User Mode Linux (UML) is designed for the students to facilitate them in performing lab exercises on a standalone computer where no real network equipment is needed. In addition to that it provides the facility of connection with the real network equipments. Crab also handles the pre configuration of different parts of the simulated networks like automatic IT addressing etc. This paper will describe the performance enhancing of Crab by replacing User Mode Linux virtual machine with XEN capable of providing ten virtual sessions concurrently using a standalone computer.

关键词： Linux courseware laboratories telecommunication computing telecommunication engineering education telecommunication network routing virtual machines Crab router simulation package XEN automatic IP addressing lab exercise network resource user mode Linux Web resources telecommunication engineering education Linux telecommunication computing computer uses in education telecommunication network routing crabs simulation package education software

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Introducing an information system for successful support of selective attention in online courses

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7th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-computer Interaction: Design Methods, Tools, and Interaction Techniques for eInclusion, UAHCI 2013, Held as Part of 15th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction, HCI 2013

作者： Ebner, Martin Wachtler, Josef Holzinger, Andreas Institute for Information System and Computer Media Graz University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783642391934

Human learning processes are strongly depending on attention of each single learner. Due to this fact any measurement helping to increase students' attention is from high importance. Till now there are some developments called Audience-Response-systems only available for face-to-face education even for masses. In this publication we introduce a web-based information system which is also usable for online-systems. Students' attention will be conserved based on different interaction forms during the live stream of a lecture. The evaluation pointed out that the system helps to enlarge the attention of each single participant. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Online systems

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Splicer+: Secure Hub Placement and Deadlock-Free Routing for Payment Channel Network Scalability

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Lingxiao Dong, Xuewen Wang, Wei Gao, Sheng Qu, Qiang Tian, Wensheng Shen, Yulong The School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Xi’an710071 China The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network and System Security Xi’an710071 China The Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The School of Information Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing100081 China The Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China The Huawei Blockchain Lab Huawei Cloud Tech Co. Ltd. Shenzhen518055 China The Nanhu Lab Jiaxing314001 China The Cryptology and Computer Security Laboratory Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Payment channel hub (PCH) is a promising approach for payment channel networks (PCNs) to improve efficiency by deploying robust hubs to steadily process off-chain transactions. However, existing PCHs, often preplaced without considering payment request distribution across PCNs, can lead to load imbalance. PCNs' reliance on source routing, which makes decisions based solely on individual sender requests, can degrade performance by overlooking other requests, thus further impairing scalability. In this paper, we introduce Splicer+, a highly scalable multi-PCH solution based on the trusted execution environment (TEE). We study tradeoffs in communication overhead between participants, transform the original NP-hard PCH placement problem by mixed-integer linear programming, and propose optimal/approximate solutions with load balancing for different PCN scales using supermodular techniques. Considering global PCN states and local directly connected sender requests, we design a deadlock-free routing protocol for PCHs. It dynamically adjusts the payment processing rate across multiple channels and, combined with TEE, ensures high-performance routing with confidential computation. We provide a formal security proof for the Splicer+ protocol in the UC-framework. Extensive evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of Splicer+, with transaction success ratio (↑51.1%), throughput (↑181.5%), and latency outperforming state-of-the-art PCNs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scalability

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Research and improvement on packet capture mechanism in linux for high-speed network

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Journal of Harbin institute of technology(New Series) 2005年第5期12卷 494-498页

作者：杨武方滨兴云晓春张宏莉 School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001China National Computer Network and Information System Security Administration Center Beijing 100031China

With the increasing enlargement of network scale and the rapid development of network techniques, large numbers of the network applications begin to appear. Packet capture plays an important role as one basic technique used in each field of the network applications. In a high-speed network, the heavy traffic of network transmission challenges the packet capture techniques. This paper does an in-depth analysis on the traditional packet capture mechanisms in Linux, and then measures the performance bottleneck in the process of packet capture. The methods for improving the packet capture performance are presented and an optimized packet capture scheme is also designed and implemented. The test demonstrates that the new packet capture mechanism (Libpacket) can greatly improve the packet capture performance of the network application systems in a high-speed network.

关键词： high-speed network packet capture TCP/IP protocol stack performance bottleneck LKM

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Improved non-negative tensor Tucker decomposition algorithm for interference hyper-spectral image compression

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Science China(information Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 112-120页

作者： WEN Jia ZHAO JunSuo MA CaiWen WANG CaiLing Science and Technology on Integrated Information System Laboratory Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Computer Science Xi'an Shiyou University

The compression method, first proposed in 2012, is based on the non-negative tensor decomposition for interference hyper-spectral image data. As a tensor is generated by a huge amount of interference hyper-spectral images, the multiplicative update algorithm is made extremely complicated, and even *** reduce the computational cost and speed up the convergence, this paper, based on the characteristics of interference hyper-spectral images, develops a new algorithm using different down-sampling factors for different non-negative wavelet sub-band tensors. The experimental results showed that this algorithm could significantly shorten the running time, while maintaining a good compression performance compared with the conventional methods.

关键词： interference hyper-spectral images LASIS three-dimensional lifting wavelet transform non-negative tensor decomposition image com

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