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Tiny noise, big mistakes: adversarial perturbations induce errors in brain–computer interface spellers

National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 78-90页

作者： Xiao Zhang Dongrui Wu Lieyun Ding Hanbin Luo Chin-Teng Lin Tzyy-Ping Jung Ricardo Chavarriaga Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and Technology School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Centre of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience Institute for Neural ComputationUniversity of California San Diego Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering Institute of Engineering in Medicine University of California San Diego ZHAW Data Lab Zürich University of Applied Sciences

An electroencephalogram(EEG)-based brain–computer interface(BCI) speller allows a user to input text to a computer by thought. It is particularly useful to severely disabled individuals, e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, who have no other effective means of communication with another person or a *** studies so far focused on making EEG-based BCI spellers faster and more reliable; however, few have considered their security. This study, for the first time, shows that P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential BCI spellers are very vulnerable, i.e. they can be severely attacked by adversarial perturbations,which are too tiny to be noticed when added to EEG signals, but can mislead the spellers to spell anything the attacker wants. The consequence could range from merely user frustration to severe misdiagnosis in clinical applications. We hope our research can attract more attention to the security of EEG-based BCI spellers, and more broadly, EEG-based BCIs, which has received little attention before.

关键词： electroencephalogram brain-computer interfaces BCI spellers adversarial examples

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Virtually-Federated Scheduling of Parallel Real-Time Tasks 42

Virtually-Federated Scheduling of Parallel Real-Time Tasks

引用

42nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, RTSS 2021

作者： Jiang, Xu Guan, Nan Liang, Haochun Tang, Yue Qiao, Lei Yi, Wang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Northeastern University China City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Beijing Institute of Control Engineering China Uppsala University Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781665428026

Federated scheduling is a promising approach to schedule parallel real-time tasks, where each task exclusively executes on a set of dedicated processors. However, federated scheduling suffers significant resource wasting since a task typically only uses part of the processing capacity allocated to it, while the unused part cannot be shared with other tasks. To solve this problem, we present a virtually-federated scheduling approach, which both enjoys the good analyzability of federated scheduling and allows tasks to efficiently share processors with others. The main idea is to construct virtual processors on physical processors, and let a task exclusively execute on a set of virtual processors. As a physical processor is shared by virtual processors, tasks effectively share processors with each other. On the other hand, as each task exclusively executes on its own virtual processor set, the good analyzability of federated scheduling can be carried into to our virtually-federated scheduling approach. We conduct comprehensive performance evaluation to compare our proposed approach with existing methods of different types. Experiment results show that our approach consistently outperforms existing methods to a considerable extent under a wide range of parameter settings. ©2021 IEEE

关键词： Scheduling

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IHS and support value integrated approach to improve pansharpening quality of QuickBird image

IHS and support value integrated approach to improve panshar...

引用

MIPPR 2007: Multispectral image Processing

作者： Zheng, Sheng Yang, Changeai Liu, Jian Tian, Jinwen Electronics and Information Engineering Department Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Institute of Intelligent Vision and Image Information Best College of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China State Education Commission Key Laboratory for Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469519

image fusion is an important tool in remote sensing, since many Earth observation satellites provide both high-resolution panchromatic (Pan) and low-resolution multispectral (MS) images. To date, many image fusion techniques have been developed. However, the available algorithms can hardly produce a satisfactory fusion result for IKONOS and QuickBird images. Among the existing fusion algorithms, the IHS technique is the most widely used one, and the wavelet fusion is the most frequently discussed one in recent publications because of its advantages over other fusion techniques. But the color distortion of these two techniques is often obvious. The support value fusion technique demonstrates some advantages over the conventional methods. This study presents a new fusion approach that integrates the advantages of both the IHS and the support value techniques to reduce the color distortion of QuickBird fusion results. Different QuickBird images have been fused with this new approach. Visual and statistical analyses prove that the concept of the proposed extended fast IHS (eFIHS) and support value integration is promising, and it does significantly improve the fusion quality compared to conventional IHS (eFIHS) and wavelet fusion techniques.

关键词： image fusion

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Characterisation of liquid properties by electrical capacitance tomography sensor for security applications

Characterisation of liquid properties by electrical capacita...

引用

2nd International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security, ISECS 2009

作者： Li, Nan Guo, Bao-Long Huang, Chuan Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an 710071 China Tomography Group School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Manchester Manchester M60 1QD United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780769536439

The ECT sensor based on electrical permittivity measurements is presented which may be applied to security application for contactless detection of flammable and explosive liquid. The structure, geometry and size of ECT sensor are discussed in this paper;two types of capacitance sensor are designed and compared. COMSOL simulation software is used to evaluate the performance of designed sensor. An impedance analyzer is used to measure the capacitance between each electrode pair. Results analysis is provided, the feasibility of ECT sensor using in liquid testing for security application is proved at the conclusion part. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Permittivity

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A new optimization method for ECT sensor design 7

A new optimization method for ECT sensor design

引用

7th World Congress in Industrial Process Tomography, WCIPT7

作者： Li, Nan Wang, Pai Han, Ying Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology 100124 China The Institute of Intelligent Control Image Engineering Xidian University Xi’an710071 China The twentieth Research Institute of China Electronic Technology Group Corporation Xi’an710071 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780853163237

A new optimization method for ECT sensor design based on the orthogonal experimental design is presented. The sensor structure and sensor model are proposed. The sensitivity uniformity index of empty pipe and half pipe filled with Engine oil are set as the optimization objectives. The experiments are set up based on multi-index orthogonal design. The optimizing parameters of the sensor structure include the number of electrodes, electrode width (corresponding to central angel) and radius of pipe wall. The typical sensitivity maps of the optimized sensor are presented at last. The experimental results indicate that the method can derive an evenly distributed sensitivity field. Compared with the full collocation method, the number of experiments is reduced by 66%. The experimental results are intuitive, reliable, and practical. © 2014 International Society for Industrial Process Tomography.

关键词： Electrodes

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Particle Swarm Optimization inspired by r- and K-Selection in ecology

Particle Swarm Optimization inspired by r- and K-Selection i...

引用

Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Yunyi Yan Baolong Guo Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering (ICIE) School of Electromechanical Engineering Xidian University Xi'an China

An optimization technique named r/KPSO (particle swarm optimization with r- and K-selection) was developed in this paper. In Ecology, two evolutionary ldquostrategiesrdquo are termed, r-selection for those species that breed many ldquocheaprdquo offspring and live in unstable environments and K-selection for those species that produce few ldquoexpensiverdquo offspring and live in stable environments. r-selection can be characterized as: quantitative, little parent care, large growth rate and rapid development and K-selection as: qualitative, much parent care, small growth rate and slow development. r/KPSO selects r- and K-selection to produce the progenies in the iterative procedure according to the concerned particlepsilas fitness value. K-selection is performed for those particles (K-subswarm called in this paper) in high fitness, and K-subswarm only can produce few progenies but the progenies are nurtured delicately with much parent care. On the other hand, r-selection is performed for those particles (r-subswarm called) in relatively low fitness. And with little parent care, r-subswarm can produce a large number of progenies, the progenies have to compete with the r-subswarm for survival according to fitness and only the best ones can survive. In r/KPSO, the particles performed r-selection mainly explore the search space as possible as they can to find more potential solutions in large speed, and those particles performed K-selection keep the current optimum solutions and exploit the space as they can to find more ideal solutions. Combined the advantages of r-selection and K-selection, r/KPSO can converge in higher speed and higher precision.

关键词： Evolution (biology) Particle swarm optimization Optimization Productivity Animals Space exploration Evolutionary computation

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Single image fog removal based on joint bilateral filter

引用

ICIC Express Letters 2012年第10期6卷 2583-2591页

作者： Chen, Long Guo, Bao-long Bi, Juan Zhu, Juan-juan Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an 710071 China

In the smoky, foggy, hazy and other harsh outdoor conditions, scene image captured is severely degraded by the scattering of atmospheric particles. Based on atmospheric scattering model, degraded image in this paper is firstly white balanced to simplify the atmospheric scattering model;then, nonlinear spatial filtering algorithm is used to estimate the rough atmospheric veil luminance, and joint bilateral filter is introduced to further refine the atmospheric veil luminance. Finally, image is restored by using tone mapping. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is only a linear function of the input image pixels numbers, and this allows a very fast implementation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively restore the fog-degraded images. And natural, realistic, and high-definition images are the features of the images restored with this algorithm. © 2012 ISSN.

关键词： Luminance

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Interdependent order allocation in the two-echelon supply chain using agent-based negotiation 36

Interdependent order allocation in the two-echelon supply ch...

引用

第36届中国控制会议

作者： Jian Wang Huimin Miao System Engineering Institute School of AutomationHuazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process Wuhan University of Science and Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

Nowadays,many researches study the negotiation-based order allocation problem in the supply chain environment,aiming to improve the efficiency of the allocation and the profits of the supply chain *** competition and cooperation in supplier’s side are mainly addressed because of independent *** this paper,we analyze an interdependent order allocation problem in a two-echelon supply *** supply chain consists of a manufacturer echelon and a supplier *** to the interdependence,both the competition and cooperation in the manufacturer echelon are *** agent-based negotiation algorithm is developed to support the order allocation process and the conflicts *** show in experiments that orders under various supply chain contexts can be successfully allocated through the algorithm.

关键词： Supply chain system order allocation agent-based negotiation

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LSP image reconstruction algorithm in electrical capacitance tomography

引用

ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications 2016年第8期7卷 1673-1678页

作者： Zhao, Yulei Guo, Baolong Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering Xidian University No. 2 Taibai South Road Xi’an710071 China

To solve the problem of the “soft-field” effect and the proximity of sensitivity matrix in electrical capacitance tomography technology, an image reconstruction algorithm based on least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been developed, namely LSP algorithm. Group image samples of some typical flow patterns are trained, and the capacitance deviation generated by the proximity of the sensitivity matrix is predicted. On the basis of the deviation, the fitness function in particle swarm optimization is established. The nonlinear adjustment method for inertia factor and the mutation operation of particles speed are used in the standard particle swarm optimization. The improved PSO algorithm is used to search for the optimal solution of the reconstructed image. The simulation shows that compared with Landweber algorithm, the image precision of LSP algorithm is improved nearly 50%, and the image error decreases to less than 20% for some typical flow patterns. Therefore, LSP algorithm can be applied to the non-real-time ECT system with high precision. This paper presents a feasible and effective way to research on image reconstruction algorithm for ECT. © 2016 ICIC International.

关键词： Flow patterns

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Sorted block's compensated difference based moving object detection

引用

ICIC Express Letters 2012年第7期6卷 1741-1746页

作者： Zhu, Juanjuan Guo, Baolong Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an 710071 China

A fast moving object detection algorithm is presented based on sorted block's compensated difference. First, global motion estimation is applied based on feature points matching. The iteration of minimum sum of place error is employed to improve accuracy. Then, the current frame is warped to realize background compensation. Finally, the adaptive blocks' difference is computed between the compensated current frame and reference. The segmentation is accomplished gradually as the block is judged with the threshold and divided into four sub-blocks. Experimental results show that the algorithm can detect moving objects in complex video sequences with camera scan and dithering. The precision of motion detection is 0.5pixel and the processing speed achieves 30fps. © 2012 ICIC International.

关键词： Object recognition

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