Abstract In this paper we analyze the cyber security of state estimators in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems for energy management systems (EMS) operating the power network. Current EMS state e...
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Abstract In this paper we analyze the cyber security of state estimators in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems for energy management systems (EMS) operating the power network. Current EMS state estimation algorithms have bad data detection (BDD) schemes to detect outliers in the measurement data, based on high measurement redundancy. Although these methods can detect a set of basic cyber attacks, they may fail in the presence of an intelligent attacker. We explore the latter by considering scenarios where stealthy deception attacks are performed by sending false information to the control center. We begin by presenting a recent framework that characterizes the attack as an optimization problem with the objective specified through a security metric and constraints corresponding to the attack cost. The framework is used to conduct realistic experiments on a state-of-the-art SCADA EMS software for a power network example with 14 substations, 27 buses, and 40 branches. To the authors best knowledge, this is the first such experimental study. The results indicate how state estimators for power networks can be made more resilient to cyber security attacks.
In this paper, clutter suppression and target detection in clutter edge is discussed. Firstly the statistical model of the clutter edge is established, based on which maximum likelihood estimation for the transition r...
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A data fusion algorithm was established for estimating the state of target tracking system with multi-type sensor. Through Kalman filter regarding the multi-sensors to computer goal estimated value, it can obtain esti...
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The objectives of this study were to investigate the measurement methodology of the protein content in skimmed milk by laser light scattering(LLS). There was a definition that the ratio of the scattering light( at 90&...
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The objectives of this study were to investigate the measurement methodology of the protein content in skimmed milk by laser light scattering(LLS). There was a definition that the ratio of the scattering light( at 90° scattering angles, relative to the incident beam direction) intensity to the transmitted light intensity, which was called scattered transmitted ratio(STR). Using the STR theory, we constructed a sensing system to measure the protein content. The sensing system contains a laser beam of 658 nm wavelength, sample reservoir and two photodiodes which measure the scattered light and transmitted light respectively. Through data analysis, the relationship model was established between the protein content and the STR. Comparing with Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen, the STR method described in this study can also accurately measure the protein content.
The detection of milk proteins can be achieved by light scattering. But in the process of detection, there are many influences that directly affected the accuracy of detection. On the basis of researching the light sc...
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The detection of milk proteins can be achieved by light scattering. But in the process of detection, there are many influences that directly affected the accuracy of detection. On the basis of researching the light scattering characteristic of milk proteins, we have studied the effect of physical-chemical conditions such as scattering angle and temperature on scattering light intensity. Through simulation experiments, we can find that parameters such as scattering angle and temperature also have directly impact to the casein micelle detection. According to the simulation result, the detection parameter has been optimized, the theoretical support and guidance for increase the detection accuracy also has been provided.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the measurement methodology of the protein content in skimmed milk by laser light scattering(LLS). There was a definition that the ratio of the scattering light( at 90&...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457708596
The objectives of this study were to investigate the measurement methodology of the protein content in skimmed milk by laser light scattering(LLS). There was a definition that the ratio of the scattering light( at 90°scattering angles, relative to the incident beam direction) intensity to the transmitted light intensity, which was called scattered transmitted ratio(STR). Using the STR theory, we constructed a sensing system to measure the protein content. The sensing system contains a laser beam of 658 nm wavelength, sample reservoir and two photodiodes which measure the scattered light and transmitted light respectively. Through data analysis, the relationship model was established between the protein content and the STR. Comparing with Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen, the STR method described in this study can also accurately measure the protein content.
This paper describes lightweight, strong and precise hybrid robotic arm actuated by a pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA). The arm is precisely actuated by an electric servomotor with bearing reducer drive chain, and in s...
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Light scattering approach and optical measuring instrument are the most popular system in the protein aggregation detection, especially in the therapeutic and diagnostic protein industry. Microsoft windows based softw...
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Light scattering approach and optical measuring instrument are the most popular system in the protein aggregation detection, especially in the therapeutic and diagnostic protein industry. Microsoft windows based software written in Matlab was developed as a teaching/research tool for designing light particle instrument and detection systems. This software incorporates information for lots of optical parameters, formulas and methods. There is a choice among 3 light scattering system design style. The software output includes advising parameter of light particle instrument and detection system, intensity of light scattering at some angle, characteristic curves of light scattering style. The software also provides the capability of visualizing the design layout and performs numerical computation to analyze the experimental data.
Most widely used geometric correction methods rely on ground control points to empirically determine a mathematical coordinate transformation to project the distorted image into the reference image. However, conventio...
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Image fusion performance evaluation indices are studied in this paper, and an objective measure is presented, which is the normalized edge mutual information (NEMI). NEMI is defined in view of information transmission...
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