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2023 European Physical Society Conference on High Energy physics, EPS-HEP 2023

作者： Schmieden, Kristof Schott, Matthias PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence Institute of Physics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany

The idea of searching for gravitational waves using cavities in strong magnetic fields has recently received significant attention. In particular, cavities with rather small volumes that are currently used to search for axions are discussed in this context. We propose here a novel experimental scheme enabling the search for gravitational waves with MHz frequencies and above, which could be caused for example by primordial black hole mergers. The scheme is based on synchronous measurements of cavity signals from several devices operating in magnetic fields at distant locations. Although signatures of gravitational waves may be present as identifiable signals in a single cavity, it is highly challenging to distinguish them from noise. By analysing the correlation between signals from multiple, geographically separated cavities, it is not only possible to increase substantially the signal over noise ratio, but also to investigate the nature and the source of those gravitational wave signatures. The prospects of GravNet (Global Network of Cavities to Search for Gravitational Waves) are outlined in this presentation. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Non-vanilla Axion Solutions to the Strong CP Problem 9

Non-vanilla Axion Solutions to the Strong CP Problem

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9th Symposium on Prospects in the physics of Discrete Symmetries, DISCRETE 2024

作者： Yu, Felix PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence & Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55099 Germany

I review recent advances in model-building new solutions to the strong CP problem. The new models can either enhance the axion mass by small-size instanton effects or cancel the axion mass mechanism by soft-breaking terms of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry. Such models predict an axion discovery that lies outside the vanilla QCD axion band in the ma vs. Fa plane relevant for a wide range of haloscope, helioscope, microwave cavity, and quantum sensor experiments. © Copyright owned by the author(s)

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Gravitational Wave from Graviton Bremsstrahlung during Reheating 23

Gravitational Wave from Graviton Bremsstrahlung during Rehea...

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Corfu Summer institute "23rd Hellenic School and Workshops on Elementary Particle physics and Gravity", CORFU 2023

作者： Xu, Yong PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55099 Germany

In this talk, we explore the stochastic Gravitational Waves (GW) resulting from graviton Bremsstrahlung during inflationary reheating. I start by discussing the motivation behind the study and introduce the computational formalism, with a specific emphasis on the graviton production rate. Then, I present the GW spectrum for inflaton oscillations around a quadratic potential ∼ 2. By generalizing the potential to ∼ n with n > 2, I show that distinct features in the GW spectrum emerge depending on both the value of n and type of inflaton-matter couplings. Finally, I demonstrate that Bremsstrahlung-induced GW can serve as a novel pathway for probing the dynamics of inflationary reheating. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Gravity waves

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ConvNets for Enhanced Background Discrimination in the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background Search 1st

ConvNets for Enhanced Background Discrimination in the Diffu...

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1st International Conference on Machine Learning for Astrophysics, ML4ASTRO 2022

作者： Maksimović, D. Nieslony, M. Wurm, M. Institute of Physics and Excellence Cluster PRISMA+ Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031341663

The present paper describes a novel machine learning based method for the discrimination of a Neutral-Current (NC) background that taints IBD signals of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) in Gadolinium-loaded large water Cherenkov detectors. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) offer the possibility for a direct analysis and classification of photomultiplier (PMT) hit patterns of the prompt events in large water Cherenkov detectors. Based on the events generated in a simplified SuperKamiokande-like detector setup, we find that a trained CNN performs exceptionally well with a signal efficiency for the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) of 96% while reducing the residual NC background to 2% of the original rate. Compared to recent predictions of the DSNB signal and measurements of the NC background levels in Super-Kamiokande, the corresponding signal-to-background ratio is about 4:1, providing excellent conditions for a DSNB discovery. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Supernovae

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Overview for Axions/ALPs: theory perspective 11

Overview for Axions/ALPs: theory perspective

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11th Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider physics, LHCP 2023

作者： Schnubel, Marvin Department of Physics Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55099 Germany

Axions and axion-like particles, commonly referred to as ALPs here, are among the most popular extensions of the Standard Model. They are as pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons of a high energy global symmetry that is spontaneously broken naturally light and weakly coupled, presenting an interesting alternative to heavy new particles. In this short overview we present how ALPs can be added to the Standard Model. We then show how ALP couplings to SM particles evolve from high to lower energy scales. This scale running generates, independent from the specific UV coupling structure, flavour-changing ALP couplings in the down-type quark sector. Using that flavour-changing processes are experimentally well-constrained, we are then able to derive strong constraints on UV ALP couplings from flavour experiments that are complementary to astrophysics and collider searches. We present our findings in a benchmark scenario where at the UV scale we assume only the coupling to SU(2) gauge bosons to be non-vanishing. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Couplings

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Padé and Padé-Laplace Methods for masses and matrix elements 39

Padé and Padé-Laplace Methods for masses and matrix elemen...

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39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE 2022

作者： von Hippel, Georg M. PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence Institute of Nuclear Physics University of Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45 Mainz55099 Germany

The problem of having to reconstruct the decay rates and corresponding amplitudes of the single-exponential components of a noisy multi-exponential signal is common in many other areas of physics and engineering besides lattice field theory, and it can be helpful to study the methods devised and used for that purpose in those contexts in order to get a better handle on the problem of extracting masses and matrix elements from lattice correlators. Here we consider the use of Padé and Padé-Laplace methods, which have found wide use in laser fluorescence spectroscopy and beyond, emphasizing the importance of using robust Padé approximants to avoid spurious poles. To facilitate the accurate evaluation of the Laplace transform required for the Padé-Laplace method, we also present a novel approach to the numerical quadrature of multi-exponential functions. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Exponential functions

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Lattice Correlation Functions from Differential Equations 16

Lattice Correlation Functions from Differential Equations

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16th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections: Applications of Quantum Field Theory to Phenomenology, RADCOR 2023

作者： Gasparotto, Federico Rapakoulias, Andreas Weinzierl, Stefan Xu, Xiaofeng PRISMA Cluster of Excellence Institut für Physik Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz MainzD-55099 Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Regensburg Regensburg93040 Germany

We discuss how methods developed in the context of perturbation theory can be applied to the computation of lattice correlation functions, in particular in the non perturbative regime. The techniques we consider are integration-by-parts identities (supplemented with symmetry relations) and the method of differential equations, cast in the framework of twisted co-homology. We report on calculations of correlation functions for a scalar λ4 theory and lattices of small size, both in Euclidean and Minkowskian signature. © 2024 Sissa Medialab Srl. All rights reserved.

关键词： Differential equations

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Soft-overlap contribution to BC → ηC form factors: diagrammatic resummation of double logarithms 16

Soft-overlap contribution to BC → ηC form factors: diagram...

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16th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections: Applications of Quantum Field Theory to Phenomenology, RADCOR 2023

作者： Bell, Guido Böer, Philipp Feldmann, Thorsten Horstmann, Dennis Shtabovenko, Vladyslav Theoretische Physik 1 Center for Particle Physics Siegen Universität Siegen Siegen57068 Germany PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz55099 Germany

Using diagrammatic resummation techniques, we investigate the double-logarithmic series of the "soft-overlap" contribution to Bc → ηc transition form factors at large hadronic recoil, assuming the scale hierarchy mb mc ΛQCD. In this case, the hadronic bound states can be treated in the non-relativistic approximation and the relevant hadronic matrix elements can be computed perturbatively. This setup defines one of the simplest examples to study the problem of endpoint singularities appearing in the factorization of exclusive B-decay amplitudes. We find that the leading double logarithms arise from a peculiar interplay of soft-quark "endpoint logarithms" from ladder diagrams with energy-ordered spectator-quark propagators, as well as standard Sudakov-type soft-gluon corrections. We elucidate the all-order systematics, and show that their resummation proceeds via a novel type of integral equations. The current status of the calculation, which includes all double logarithms in the Abelian limit, is reported. © 2024 Sissa Medialab Srl. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integral equations

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Consistent electroweak phenomenology of a nearly degenerate Z′ boson

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Physical Review D 2025年第3期111卷 035001-035001页

作者： Prisco Lo Chiatto PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence and Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics Johannes Gutenberg University 55099 Mainz Germany

Extracting constraints on the kinetic mixing of a new U(1)′ gauge boson hiding under the Standard Model Z boson resonance requires the formalism of non-Hermitian two-point correlation functions at 1-loop order. We derive self-consistent collider constraints on Z′ bosons with kinetic mixing in a narrow mass window around the Z boson, considering both model-independent and model-dependent bounds. Our treatment elucidates the importance of both avoided level crossing and the dispersive seesaw effect in interpreting the existing constraints. We also discuss the implications for future measurements on the Z-pole.

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First Cherenkov directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos in Borexino 17

First Cherenkov directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutr...

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17th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground physics, TAUP 2021

作者： Martyn, Johann Institute of Physics and Excellence Cluster PRISMA+ Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz55099 Germany

Borexino is a 280 t liquid scintillator detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy. Its main goal is the precision spectroscopy of solar neutrinos down to energies of 0.19 MeV and for this task it features an unprecedented radio-purity and a high scintillation light yield. The solar neutrinos are measured by the elastic scattering off electrons which induce isotropically emitted scintillation photons as well as a sub-dominant number of Cherenkov photons that are detected by photomulitplier tubes. Here we present the first detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos using their associated Cherenkov photons in a high light yield liquid scintillator detector. In Borexino electrons with E>0.16 MeV produce Cherenkov photons, where the ratio of Cherenkov photons from the neutrino scattered electrons is estimated to be +2252−2058 neutrino events out of 19904 total events for an energy region around the 7Be edge between 0.53 MeV and 0.74 MeV. © 2022 institute of physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Angular distribution

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