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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Bao, Yanyan Liang, Shaobin Wang, Feng Zhang, Guangdong Chen, Jianning Zhou, Yuanxiang State Grid Gansu Electric Power Research Institute Lanzhou730070 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819613786

Discharge in transformer oil is one of the primary causes of transformer failures. The physical mechanisms of oil discharges are not yet fully understood. Scholars have simulated the discharge process with electrodynamics model, but there is limited research on how the ionization energy, which changes due to various factors such as components and temperature of transformer oil, affect the streamer discharge characteristic. To improve the mechanism of discharge in transformer oil, this paper adopts an electrohydrodynamic model to study the impact of different ionization energies on the streamer discharge characteristics of transformer oil, including initiation voltage, discharge voltage, development speed, and electric field strength. When the ionization energy is between 6.1 eV and 8.1 eV, the initiation voltage and discharge voltage increase linearly with the ionization energy. Within the range of 7.1 eV to 8.1 eV, the time in the streamer accumulation phase increases exponentially with the ionization energy, while the streamer development speed decreases. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Electrohydrodynamics

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An Optimal Competitive Bidding and Pricing Strategy for Electric Vehicle Aggregator Considering the Bounded Rationality of Users

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 4898-4912页

作者： Wang, Qi Huang, Chunyi Wang, Chengmin Xie, Ning Li, Kangping Qiu, Peng Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Northeast Electric Power University Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Jilin132012 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Smart Energy Shanghai200240 China State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute Hangzhou310014 China

Accurate estimation of the charging demand of electric vehicle (EV) users has a profound impact on the profitability of the EV aggregator (EVA). Existing studies concerning the market strategy of EVA normally assume the EV users are equipped with complete rationality and simplify the real interactive process among EVAs and EV users, making the derived strategy unable to adapt to the practical situations. To address this bottleneck, a novel competitive bidding and pricing strategy for EVA considering both the bounded rationality of EV users and various game relationships between multiple agents is proposed. Firstly, the evolutionary game theory is utilized to simulate the bounded rational charging behaviors of EV users under differentiated charging prices, while their demand elasticity and uncertainty of driving pattern is also taken into account. Secondly, the complex interactions among EVAs and EV users are modeled, where the competition between EVAs is constructed by a non-cooperative game with incomplete information and the interplay between EVAs and EV users is built as a Stackelberg game. Finally, numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate the pricing strategy preferences of EVAs based on the diverse price elastic coefficients of EV users. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved

关键词： Game theory

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Optimization Scheduling of Multi-Energy Microgrid Based on the QUBO Quantum Computing Model 19th

Optimization Scheduling of Multi-Energy Microgrid Based on t...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Wang, Baonan Wang, Hui Zhang, Dan College of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of Logistic Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819608966

Current optimization methods for microgrid scheduling face issues such as insufficient precision in energy distribution, high operational costs, and inefficiency. In response to these challenges, an optimization scheduling method for multi-energy microgrids based on the QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) quantum computing model is proposed in this paper, alongside a discretization approach based on a grid partitioning strategy. To validate the feasibility of addressing microgrid optimization scheduling problems in a quantum computing environment, a QUBO model is constructed and simulation studies are conducted in the qbsolv environment provided by D-Wave. The results indicate that operational costs are significantly reduced with an increase in the number of grids, particularly a reduction of 4.52% when the number of grids increases from five to ten. This method not only effectively enhances the precision of electricity supply and energy utilization efficiency but also reduces unnecessary electrical waste and economic costs. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Microgrids

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An Efficient Stability Criterion for Near-Fundamental-Frequency Oscillation Risk Assessment of Wind power Integrated systems via MMC-HVDC 19th

An Efficient Stability Criterion for Near-Fundamental-Freque...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Wu, Linlin Dong, Wenkai Ren, Yina Wang, Xiao Xie, Xiaorong State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd. Research Institute North China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing100045 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819613823

Recently, near-fundamental-frequency oscillations (NFFOs) have been observed in practical wind power integrated systems via MMC-HVDC (WISM). However, a practical WISM is often high-order, causing the oscillation risk assessment to be computationally heavy. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient stability criterion is proposed, which gives the critical stability conditions considering the impact of number of generators and network topology. Then NFFO risk of a WISM under different numbers of generators and network topologies can be quickly judged. The stability criterion can be obtained via the Nyquist-based stability analysis on a single generator integrated system via MMC-HVDC and hence is simple in application. In addition, derivations of the stability criterion also give an analytical explanation to the NFFO risk induced by the integration of wind power. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method and conclusions drawn is verified based on a typical WISM. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Topology

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Small Signal Stability-Guaranteed Moving Target Defense Against Load Redistribution Attack On IoT-based Smart Grid

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17413-17429页

作者： Wang, Bingdong Zhang, Zhenyong Wang, Mufeng Liu, Mengxiang Ye, Rui Deng, Ruilong Zhang, Xin Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing100040 China University of Sheffield Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering Sheffield United Kingdom Guizhou Power Grid Co. Ltd. Intelligent Operation Center China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Huzhou Institute of Industrial Control Technology Huzhou313000 China

Moving target defense (MTD) is a promising approach to defend against load redistribution attacks on the internet-of-things (IoT)-based smart grid networks by probing the distorted state estimates with the distributed flexible AC transmission system. However, existing studies mainly focus on optimizing the performance of MTD and ignore the safety effect of it on the system’s operation. In this paper, we fill this gap by deeply analyzing the effect of MTD on the small signal stability and aim to alleviate the negative impact and guarantee its defending performance simultaneously. Firstly, the stability is formally described using the eigenvalue sensitivity. The relationship between the MTD-induced perturbation (MTDper) and the stability criteria is derived. Secondly, a new indicator is proposed to measure the effectiveness of MTDper. Thirdly, a constrained optimization problem is formulated to compute the bound of MTDper for guaranteeing the small signal stability. In addition, a surprising finding is that the stability margin can be improved and enhanced by optimizing the value of MTDper without losing the MTD’s effectiveness. Finally, we evaluate the performance of MTDper and its impact on the small signal stability with extensive simulations on the IEEE 30-bus, 39-bus, and 68-bus test power systems. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Research on Industrial control system Security Protection Based on Cryptographic Technology 24

Research on Industrial Control System Security Protection Ba...

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2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, systems and Network Security, AISNS 2024

作者： Zhou, Junping Zhang, Chen Gao, Fei Wang, Sai Chengdu Weishitong Information Security Technology Co. Ltd Beijing China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China CNNC Control System Engineering Co. Ltd Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711237

With the application of new technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data, industrial control systems are increasingly becoming digitalized, networked, and intelligent, which injects vitality into the development of industrial control systems but also brings more network threats. Therefore, strengthening the security protection of industrial control systems has become an important research topic at present. This paper studies the security of industrial control systems under new circumstances, analyzes their future development trends, and in response to new threats, effectively enhances the network security protection capability of industrial control systems by implementing commercial cryptographic technology. It aims to standardize and securely use cryptographic technology, and to ensure the safe and stable operation of industrial control systems. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Cryptographic Technology

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Numerical Simulation of the Synergistic Effect of Cavitation and Particle Erosion

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International Journal of Fluid Machinery and systems 2025年第1期18卷 13-26页

作者： Nan, Haozhi Han, Wei Li, Rennian Zhang, Yukun Dong, Yifan College of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of technology Gansu province Lanzhou730050 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Pumps Valves and Fluid Control System of the Ministry of Education Lanzh ou University of Technology Gansu province 730050 China Jiuquan Institute of Advanced Technology Lanzhou University of Technology China

Cavitation and particle erosion are critical factors affecting the performance and durability of hydraulic machinery. This study employs a combined numerical simulation approach by integrating a cavitation model with a Discrete Phase Model (DPM) erosion model. It examines single erosion and cavitation-erosion synergy under varying cavitation inducer angles. The results show that intensified vorticity behind the inducer increases particle concentration and sliding erosion, leading to higher erosion rates and larger erosion areas compared to the single erosion model. Additionally, a direct correlation is established between cavitation occurrences, particle velocity, vorticity, and erosion rates at different rotational speeds. Comparative analysis with experimental data indicates an 11.52% improvement in predictive accuracy for wear using the cavitation-erosion synergy model. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting wear in hydraulic machinery under cavitation and particle erosion conditions, contributing to enhanced equipment reliability and extended service life. © 2025, Turbomachinery Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cavitation

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Enhancing Network Abnormal Detection With NMF-SECNN: Leveraging Deep Feature Learning for High-Precision Traffic Analysis

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IEEE Transactions on Network Science and engineering 2025年第3期12卷 2069-2080页

作者： Yuan, Yazhou Yu, Ning Zheng, Zhuolin Yang, Yong Ma, Kai Liu, Zhixin Chen, Cailian Zhang, Jianmin Yanshan University Institute of Electrical Engineering Qinhuangdao066004 China Yanshan University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Neural Information Processing of the Ministry of Education of China Qinhuangdao066004 China State Grid Handan Electric Power Supply Company Hebei 056000 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai200240 China Baosteel Research Institute Automation Department Shanghai200240 China

Detection of abnormalities in industrial network traffic plays a crucial role in maintaining network system security. However, current abnormal detection models suffer from low precision, and extracting deep-level feature information from industrial network traffic is difficult. This leads to the loss of partial feature information during the detection process, thereby affecting detection efficiency. To address this issue, this paper proposes an abnormal traffic detection framework for industrial networks. By employing a Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)-based method for extracting abnormal traffic features and optimizing the NMF decomposition process through constructing label consistency constraints, we facilitate effective feature extraction. Additionally, the Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism is introduced into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to construct a classifier that enhances detection precision without increasing complexity, enabling efficient identification of complex network traffic patterns. This results in the NMF-Squeeze-and-Excitation-CNN (NMF-SECNN) model, which combines effective feature extraction capability with a lightweight structural design, achieving superior detection performance in industrial network environments. The proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 99.4%, representing a 5.6% improvement over baseline methods, and a recall rate of 98.2%, showcasing the model's capability to identify abnormalities across diverse scenarios. Various classification metrics confirm the model's robustness and effectiveness, demonstrating its significant advantages over traditional methods. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Non-negative matrix factorization

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Robust Consensus Based Secondary control for Microgrids Considering Communication Delay and Noises: A Kalman Filter Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Zhao, Qi Zhang, Wen Zhang, Tingting Chen, Jian Ye, Hua Shandong University Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering Jinan250061 China Shandong University Shandong Research Institute of Industrial Technology Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering Jinan250061 China

To achieve the frequency and voltage regulation as well as active and reactive power sharing, the consensus-based secondary controls of microgrids rely on communication network to exchange signals between neighbor inverters, which may be affected by the communication delay and noises. Unlike the existing methods that focus solely on communication delay, this paper proposes a Kalman filter-based robust consensus control to address the communication delay and noises comprehensively. Based on the discrete differential equation of the signal transmitted via communication network, the multi-step prediction model of the delayed signal is firstly built by considering the prediction errors. The state space model is then constructed by taking the predicted signals at each step as the state variables while the delayed and noise-involved signal and its differential value are seen as the measurements. A Kalman filter is further designed to comprehensively handle the communication delay, noises and prediction errors to estimate the true signal generated from neighbor inverters. With the estimated signals of all neighbor inverters, the consensus control is performed to coordinate the grid-following and grid-forming inverters within the microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with simulations and experiments performed on the modified IEEE-33 bus-based microgrid. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Kalman filters

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Quantitative detection of alkali metal Na based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology

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Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 2025年第4期50卷 2262-2270页

作者： Shen, Sijie Li, Chi Zhou, Wangzheng Wang, Zhenzhen Yan, Junjie Hou, Zongyu Wang, Zhe Deguchi, Yoshihiro School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University Taiyuan030032 China Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima770-8506 Japan

The alkali metal compounds released from high alkali fuels such as low-quality coal during thermal utilization can affect the normal operation of thermal equipment. Therefore, rapid online detection of alkali metal content in low-quality coal is of great significance for controlling alkali metal release during combustion. The alkali metal Na element is used as the detection object, and the mixed samples of graphite and sodium chloride powder with different ratios are used as experimental samples. The influencing factors of measuring Na element in samples using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology are studied. The impact of two signal strength calculation methods on signal stability is compared. The influence of experimental parameters on signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed. The quantitative calculation models for Na element have been established. Research has shown that the characteristic spectral lines of Na element, Na I 588.995 nm and Na I 589.592 nm, are suitable as the main analytical spectral lines. Using the area intensity of the dual line characteristic spectral lines of Na element as the signal intensity can effectively improve signal stability. When the laser energy is 60 mJ and the delay time is 1 000 ns, the relative standard deviation of spectral signal intensity is low and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The quantitative calculation models are established using traditional calibration method, partial least squares (PLS) method, and support vector machine (SVR) with spectral signal intensity as the input and Na element addition in the sample as the output. The accuracy of each model is compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the PLS model may exhibit overfitting when the sample size is small and the input quantity is large. The fitting accuracy of the SVR model is 0.978 3, the root mean square percentage error of the training set is 13.42%, and the root mean square percentage error of the test set is 13.51

关键词： Sodium chloride

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