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An operational petri net semantics for the join calculus 19

An operational petri net semantics for the join calculus

Combined 19th International Workshop on Expressiveness in Concurrency and 9th Workshop on Structured Operational Semantics, EXPRESS/SOS 2012

作者： Mennicke, Stephan Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

We present a concurrent operational Petri net semantics for the join-calculus, a process calculus for specifying concurrent and distributed systems. There often is a gap between system specifications and the actual implementations caused by synchrony assumptions on the specification side and asynchronously interacting components in implementations. The join-calculus is promising to reduce this gap by providing an abstract specification language which is asynchronously distributable. Classical process semantics establish an implicit order of actually independent actions, by means of an interleaving. So does the semantics of the join-calculus. To capture such independent actions, step-based semantics, e. g., as defined on Petri nets, are employed. Our Petri net semantics for the join-calculus induces step-behavior in a natural way. We prove our semantics behaviorally equivalent to the original join-calculus semantics by means of a bisimulation. We discuss how join specific assumptions influence an existing notion of distributability based on Petri nets. © S. Mennicke This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

关键词： Semantics

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Parameterized preorder relations for model-based testing of software product lines

Parameterized preorder relations for model-based testing of ...

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5th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Technologies for Mastering Change, ISoLA 2012

作者： Lochau, Malte Kamischke, Jochen TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642340253

Software Product Lines (SPLs) are a promising approach for efficiently engineering similar variants and/or evolving versions of software products. SPLs propagate systematic reuse of design artifacts between variants based on commonality and variability specifications in terms of features. Adopting reuse principles also to methods for behavioral conformance verification of product variants to their formal specifications, e.g., using model-based testing, is still an open problem. The sound reuse of verification artifacts such as test cases and test results is challenging due to the syntax-oriented and cross-cutting nature of recent feature-oriented SPL modeling approaches which obstructs reasoning about the behavioral impact of variability. Therefore, we introduce a formal framework for reasoning about artifact reuse in model-based SPL conformance testing. Based on a modal labeled transition system with explicit feature annotations as semantical ground model, we propose a behavioral notion of commonality by means of parameterized testing preorder relations for decorated trace semantics. Thereupon, applications to the reuse of SPL test artifacts are proposed. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Formal specification

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Incremental model-based testing of delta-oriented software product lines

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6th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2012

作者： Lochau, Malte Schaefer, Ina Kamischke, Jochen Lity, Sascha TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Germany TU Braunschweig Institute for Software Systems Engineering Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642304729

Software product line (SPL) engineering provides a promising approach for developing variant-rich software systems. But, testing of every product variant in isolation to ensure its correctness is in general not feasible due to the large number of product variants. Hence, a systematic approach that applies SPL reuse principles also to testing of SPLs in a safe and efficient way is essential. To address this issue, we propose a novel, model-based SPL testing framework that is based on a delta-oriented SPL test model and regression-based test artifact derivations. Test artifacts are incrementally constructed for every product variant by explicitly considering commonality and variability between two consecutive products under test. The resulting SPL testing process is proven to guarantee stable test coverage for every product variant and allows the derivation of redundancy-reduced, yet reliable retesting obligations. We compare our approach with an alternative SPL testing strategy by means of a case study from the automotive domain. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Testing

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Delta-oriented model-based SPL regression testing

Delta-oriented model-based SPL regression testing

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2012 3rd International Workshop on Product LinE Approaches in Software Engineering, PLEASE 2012

作者： Lity, Sascha Lochau, Malte Schaefer, Ina Goltz, Ursula TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Braunschweig Germany TU Braunschweig Institute for Software Systems Engineering Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317511

Testing software product lines by considering each product variant in isolation is impracticable due to the high number of potential product configurations. Therefore, applying SPL reuse principles also to test artifacts in a concise way is essential. We address this open issue by a novel, model-based SPL testing framework based on reusable delta-oriented state machine test models and regression-based test suite evolution. Therein, SPL test artifacts are incrementally evolved for every product variant by explicitly considering commonality and variability between two subsequent products under test. Our approach guarantees for every product configuration stable test coverage and allows the derivation of redundancy-reduced, yet reliable retesting obligations. We illustrate our framework by means of an automotive case study and compare our experimental results with alternative SPL testing strategies w.r.t. efficiency improvements. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Model checking

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Multi-perspectives on feature models 12

Multi-perspectives on feature models

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15th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and systems, MODELS 2012

作者： Schroeter, Julia Lochau, Malte Winkelmann, Tim TU Dresden Institute for Software- and Multimedia-Technology Germany TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642336652

Domain feature models concisely express commonality and variability among variants of a software product line. For supporting separation of concerns, e.g., due to legal restrictions, technical considerations and business requirements, multi-view approaches restrict the configuration choices on feature models for different stakeholders. However, recent approaches lack a formalization for precise, yet flexible specifications of views that ensure every derivable configuration perspective to obey feature model semantics. Here, we introduce a novel approach for preconfiguring feature models to create multi-perspectives. Such customized perspectives result from composition of various concern-relevant views. A structured view model is used to organize features in view groups, wherein a feature may be contained in multiple views. We provide formalizations for view composition and guaranteed consistency of perspectives w.r.t. feature model semantics. Thereupon, an efficient algorithm to verify consistency for entire multi-perspectives is provided. We present an implementation and evaluate our concepts by means of various experiments. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Semantics

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Resource-oriented consistency analysis of engineering processes

Resource-oriented consistency analysis of engineering proces...

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14th International Conference on Enterprise Information systems, ICEIS 2012

作者： Bauer, Bernhard Eisenbarth, Thomas Frenzel, Christoph Honke, Benjamin Programming Distributed Systems Lab. Institute of Computer Science University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789898565105

A number of popular engineering processes and methodologies emerged over the past years which attracted interest in research and industry. For process enactment, enterprises have to match requirements of engineering processes with existing resources. Therefore, it has to be analyzed if employees have sufficient skills or if infrastructure has sufficient capabilities to match the requirements of a situational process. Both, maintaining a skill and resource database and matching requirements against this database are an enormously challenging and time-consuming task. Additionally, this matching has to be carried out regularly as employees join and leave the company and skills change over time. Based upon a formal, logical base, we present an approach that combines ontological and metamodeling technical spaces and enables an automatic analysis of engineering processes regarding the existence of necessary resources.

关键词： Ontology

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Approaches for mastering change

Approaches for mastering change

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5th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Technologies for Mastering Change, ISoLA 2012

作者： Schaefer, Ina Lochau, Malte Leucker, Martin Institute for Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Germany Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Technical University of Braunschweig Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642340253

Modern software systems are highly configurable and exist in many different variants in order to operate different application contexts. This is called static variability and predominantly considered in software product line engineering [6,14]. Furthermore, software systems have to evolve over time in order to dealwith changing requirements which is referred to by the term temporal evolvability [10,13]. Additionally, modern software systems are designed to dynamically adapt their internal structure and behavior at runtime dependent on their environment in order to efficiently use the available resources, such as energy or computing power [5]. These three dimensions of change, static variability, temporal evolvability and dynamic adaptation, increase the complexity of system development in all phase, from requirements engineering and system design to implementation and quality assurance. In [15], the challenges of static variability and temporal evolution in all phases of the software development process are discussed. In [15], the engineering challenges of self-adaptive systems are described and future research directions are pointed out. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Quality assurance

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Reducing feature models to improve runtime adaptivity on resource limited devices 12

Reducing feature models to improve runtime adaptivity on res...

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16th International Software Product Line Conference, SPLC 2012

作者： Saller, Karsten Oster, Sebastian Schürr, Andy Schroeter, Julia Lochau, Malte Real Time Systems Lab TU Darmstadt Germany LOGICA Germany Institute for Software and Multimedia Technology TU Dresden Germany Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450310956

Mobile devices like smartphones are getting increasingly important in our daily lifes. They are used in various environments and have to dynamically adapt themselves accordingly in order to provide an optimal runtime behavior. Naturally, adapting to continuously changing environmental conditions is a challenging task because mobile devices are always limited in their resources and have to adapt in realtime. In this paper, we introduce an approach that enables resource limited devices to adapt to changing conditions using dynamic software product lines techniques. Therefore, feature models are reduced to a specific hardware context before installing the adaptive mobile application on the device. This reduces the amount of possible configurations that are compatible with the device and, thereby, minimizes the costs and the duration of an adaptation during runtime. Copyright 2012 ACM.

关键词： Software design

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Oxidative power and intracellular distribution of mitochondria control cell oxygen regime when arterial hypoxemia occurs

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Biophysics (Russian Federation) 2012年第5期57卷 628-633页

作者： Lyabakh, K.G. Lissov, P.N. International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev 03680 Ukraine Institute of Programming Systems National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev 03680 Ukraine

The regulatory impact of the mitochondria spatial distribution and enlargement in their oxidative power qo2 on tissue oxygenation of skeletal muscle during hypoxia were studied. Investigations were performed by mathem... 详细信息

The regulatory impact of the mitochondria spatial distribution and enlargement in their oxidative power q_o2 on tissue oxygenation of skeletal muscle during hypoxia were studied. Investigations were performed by mathematical modeling of 3D O₂ diffusion-reaction in muscle fiber. The oxygen consumption rate V_o2 and tissue p_o2 were analyzed in response to a decrease in arterial blood oxygen concentration from 19. 5 to 10 vol % at moderate load. Cells with evenly (case 1) and unevenly (case 2) distributed mitochondria were considered. According to calculations, owing to a rise in mitochondria oxidative power from 3. 5 to 6. 5 mL/min per 100 g of tissue it is possible to maintain muscle oxygen V_o2 at a constant level of 3. 5 mL/min per 100 g despite a decrease in O₂ delivery. The minimum value of tissue p_o2 was about 0 and an area of hypoxia appeared inside the cell in case 1. Whereas hypoxia disappeared and minimum value of p_o2 increased from 0 to 4 mmHg if mitochondria were distributed unevenly (case 2). The possibilities of such regulation depended on the relationship "the degree of hypoxemia - the level of oxygen delivery." It was assumed that an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activity and their migration to places of the greatest oxygen consumption rate can improve the oxygen regime in the cell as it adapts to hypoxia. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： adaptation cell oxygen regime distribution of mitochondria hypoxemia mathematical model oxidative power of mitochondria rate of oxygen consumption

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A58: Demographics, Clinical Features and Therapies of Patients with Juvenile Dermatomyositis Participating in a National Myositis Patient Registry

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Arthritis & Rheumatology 2014年第S3期66卷

作者： Lisa G Rider Abdullah Faiq Payam Noroozi Farhadi Nastaran Bayat Lukasz Itert Mikaela Chase Robert Ulrey Karen Malley Jesse Wilkerson Anne Johnson Kathryn Rose Richard Morris Christine Parks Edward H. Giannini Hermine Brunner Bob Goldberg Frederick W Miller Environmental Autoimmunity Group Program of Clinical Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health US Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda MD NIEHS NIH Bethesda MD Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH The Myositis Association Alexandria VA Malley Research Programming Inc Bethesda MD Social and Scientific Systems Inc. Durham NC NIEHS NIH Research Triangle Park NC Environmental Autoimmunity Group NIEHS NIH Bethesda MD

Background/Purpose: The myositis syndromes are rare systemic autoimmune diseases with poorly understood etiologies. We present the demographics, illness features and treatments of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) who enrolled in a newly created national registry. Methods: Using a patient database from The Myositis Association and supplemental advertisements, a national registry of myositis patients was established. Between December 2010 and July 2012 questionnaires were mailed to 8847 myositis patients in the US and Canada. The questionnaire queried demographics, clinical features, environmental exposures, and quality of life. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed using GraphPad Prysm and SAS. Results: 1956 patients (22%) returned the questionnaire and consented to participate; 1806 who met probable or definite Bohan and Peter criteria for myositis were included (708 DM, 483 PM, 466 IBM, 139 JDM, 10 JPM); juvenile patients were diagnosed before age 18 years. Of the 139 JDM patients, the median age at diagnosis was 6.9 years and median disease duration at enrollment was 10.3 years. Most JDM patients were female (78%) and Non-Hispanic Caucasian (88%), and the remainder were Hispanic (6.5%), Asian (2.9%), multiple races (2.2%), and Black (0.7%). Patients or their parents often completed a graduate degree (23%) or college degree (29%). JDM patients were primarily diagnosed by a pediatric rheumatologist (48%), with adult and pediatric dermatologists (22%), pediatric neurologists and primary care physicians (11% each) diagnosing most of the remaining patients; 67% were under the care of a pediatric rheumatologist. JDM patients frequently had skin rashes as a major manifestation (86%); arthritis (35%) and dysphagia (32%) were also common, whereas lung disease (12%) was less frequent. An additional autoimmune disease was present in 18% of JDM patients, with JIA (8%) and SLE and celiac disease (3% each) the most frequ

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