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arXiv 2025年

作者： van Glabbeek, Rob Goltz, Ursula Lippert, Christopher Mennicke, Stephan Data61 CSIRO Sydney Australia Computer Sc. and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

We analyse two translations from the synchronous into the asynchronous π-calculus, both without choice, that are often quoted as standard examples of valid encodings, showing that the asynchronous π-calculus is just as expressive as the synchronous one. We examine which of the quality criteria for encodings from the literature support the validity of these translations. Moreover, we prove their validity according to much stronger criteria than considered previously in the literature. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Differentiation (calculus)

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Abstract Processes in the Absence of Conflicts in General Place/Transition systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： van Glabbeek, Rob Goltz, Ursula Schicke-Uffmann, Jens-Wolfhard Data61 CSIRO Sydney Australia School of Comp. Sc. and Engineering Univ. of New South Wales Sydney Australia Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

Goltz and Reisig generalised Petri's concept of processes of one-safe Petri nets to general nets where places carry multiple tokens. BD-processes are equivalence classes of Goltz-Reisig processes connected through the swapping transformation of Best and Devillers;they can be considered as an alternative representation of runs of nets. Here we present an order respecting bijection between the BD-processes and the FS-processes of a countable net, the latter being defined-in an analogous way-as equivalence classes of firing sequences. Using this, we show that a countable net without binary conflicts has a (unique) largest BD-process. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Equivalence classes

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On causal semantics of petri nets

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： van Glabbeek, Rob Goltz, Ursula Schicke, Jens-Wolfhard NICTA Sydney Australia School of Comp. Sc. and Engineering Univ. of New South Wales Sydney Australia Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

We consider approaches for causal semantics of Petri nets, explicitly representing dependencies between transition occurrences. For one-safe nets or condition/event-systems, the notion of process as defined by Carl Adam Petri provides a notion of a run of a system where causal dependencies are reflected in terms of a partial order. A well-known problem is how to generalise this notion for nets where places may carry several tokens. Goltz and Reisig have defined such a generalisation by distinguishing tokens according to their causal history. However, this so-called individual token interpretation is often considered too detailed. A number of approaches have tackled the problem of defining a more abstract notion of process, thereby obtaining a so-called collective token interpretation. Here we give a short overview on these attempts and then identify a subclass of Petri nets, called structural conflict nets, where the interplay between conflict and concurrency due to token multiplicity does not occur. For this subclass, we define abstract processes as equivalence classes of Goltz-Reisig processes. We justify this approach by showing that we obtain exactly one maximal abstract process if and only if the underlying net is conflict-free with respect to a canonical notion of conflict. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Petri nets

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Abstract processes and conflicts in place/transition systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

For one-safe Petri nets or condition/event-systems, a process as defined by Carl Adam Petri provides a notion of a run of a system where causal dependencies are reflected in terms of a partial order. Goltz and Reisig have generalised this concept for nets where places carry multiple tokens, by distinguishing tokens according to their causal history. However, this so-called individual token interpretation is often considered too detailed. Here we identify a subclass of Petri nets, called structural conflict nets, where no interplay between conflict and concurrency due to token multiplicity occurs. For this subclass, we define abstract processes as equivalence classes of Goltz-Reisig processes. We justify this approach by showing that there is a largest abstract process if and only if the underlying net is conflict-free with respect to a canonical notion of conflict. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Petri nets

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Synchrony versus causality in distributed systems

Synchrony versus causality in distributed systems

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作者： Peters, Kirstin Schicke-Uffmann, Jens-Wolfhard Goltz, Ursula Nestmann, Uwe School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science TU Berlin Germany Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

Given a synchronous system, we study the question whether - or, under which conditions - the behaviour of that system can be realized by a (non-trivially) distributed and hence asynchronous implementation. In this paper, we partially answer this question by examining the role of causality for the implementation of synchrony in two fundamental different formalisms of concurrency, Petri nets and the π-calculus. For both formalisms it turns out that each 'good' encoding of synchronous interactions using just asynchronous interactions introduces causal dependencies in the translation. © Cambridge University Press 2014.

关键词： Petri nets

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Towards an I/O conformance testing theory for software product lines based on modal interface automata 6

Towards an I/O conformance testing theory for software produ...

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6th Workshop on Formal Methods and Analysis in SPL Engineering, FMSPLE 2015

作者： Luthmann, Lars Mennicke, Stephan Lochau, Malte Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany Realtime Systems Lab. TU Darmstadt Germany

We present an adaptation of input/output conformance (ioco) testing principles to families of similar implementation variants as appearing in product line engineering. Our proposed product line testing theory relies on Modal Interface Automata (MIA) as behavioral specification formalism. MIA enrich I/O-labeled transition systems with may/must modalities to distinguish mandatory from optional behavior, thus providing a semantic notion of intrinsic behavioral variability. In particular, MIA constitute a restricted, yet fully expressive subclass of I/O-labeled modal transition systems, guaranteeing desirable refinement and compositionality properties. The resulting modal-ioco relation defined on MIA is preserved under MIA refinement, which serves as variant derivation mechanism in our product line testing theory. As a result, modal-ioco is proven correct in the sense that it coincides with traditional ioco to hold for every derivable implementation variant. Based on this result, a family-based product line conformance testing framework can be established. © L. Luthmann, S. Mennicke & M. Lochau.

关键词： Semantics

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Delta-Oriented test case prioritization for integration testing of software product lines 15

Delta-Oriented test case prioritization for integration test...

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19th International Software Product Line Conference, SPLC 2015

作者： Lachmann, Remo Lity, Sascha Lischke, Sabrina Beddig, Simon Schulze, Sandro Schaefer, Ina Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Germany Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450336130

Software product lines have potential to allow for mass customization of products. Unfortunately, the resulting, vast amount of possible product variants with commonalities and differences leads to new challenges in software testing. Ideally, every product variant should be tested, especially in safety-critical systems. However, due to the exponentially increasing number of product variants, testing every product variant is not feasible. Thus, new concepts and techniques are required to provide efficient SPL testing strategies exploiting the commonalities of software artifacts between product variants to reduce redundancy in testing. In this paper, we present an efficient integration testing approach for SPLs based on delta modeling. We focus on test case prioritization. As a result, only the most important test cases for every product variant are tested, reducing the number of executed test cases significantly, as testing can stop at any given point because of resource constraints while ensuring that the most important test cases have been covered. We present the general concept and our evaluation results. The results show a measurable reduction of executed test cases compared to single-software testing approaches. © 2015 ACM.

关键词： Integration testing

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Re-engineering automation systems as dynamic software product lines 11

Re-engineering automation systems as dynamic software produc...

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11th Dagstuhl-Workshop Modellbasierte Entwicklung Eingebetteter Systeme, MBEES 2015 - 11th Dagstuhl-Workshop on Model-Based Development of Embedded systems, MBEES 2015

作者： Lity, Sascha Burdek, Johannes Lochau, Malte Berens, Markus Schurr, Andy Schaefer, Ina Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany Real-Time Systems Lab TU Darmstadt Germany Eckelmann AG Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics TU Braunschweig Germany

Software engineering is an important development task in the automation domain due to the increasing number of embedded systems applied for controlling various system functions. In general, those automation systems are highly configurable, but share common functionality and engineering artifacts. If the knowledge about commonality and variability is not taken into account, this would result in a separate development process for each new system without reusing engineering artifacts. Software product line engineering is a promising approach for the development of highly configurable automation systems explicitly exploiting the knowledge about commonality and variability. In addition to the specification of the problem space, i.e., all possible system configurations derivable from a feature model, reusable engineering artifacts are defined in the solution space by incorporating variability mechanisms. In this paper, we describe the re-engineering of an existing family of automation systems, a medical device for a novel radiotherapy, i.e., as a software product line. According to the concepts of software product line engineering, we describe (1) how we created a corresponding feature model for the problem space specification, and (2) how we integrated variability modeling into existing engineering artifacts. We provide details about our real-world case study and further explain the adaptation of its re-engineered version as dynamic software product line allowing for re-configuration at runtime. © Tagungsband - Dagstuhl-Workshop MBEES 2015: Modellbasierte Entwicklung Eingebetteter Systeme XI. All rights reserved.

关键词： Specifications

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Towards incremental model slicing for delta-oriented software product lines

Towards incremental model slicing for delta-oriented softwar...

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IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Sascha Lity Hauke Baller Ina Schaefer TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Braunschweig Germany TU Braunschweig Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Braunschweig Germany

The analysis of nowadays software systems for supporting, e.g., testing, verification or debugging is becoming more challenging due to their increasing complexity. Model slicing is a promising analysis technique to tackle this issue by abstracting from those parts not influencing the current point of interest. In the context of software product lines, applying model slicing separately for each variant is in general infeasible. Delta modeling allows exploiting the explicit specification of commonality and variability within deltas and enables the reuse of artifacts and already obtained results to reduce the modeling and analysis efforts. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for incremental model slicing for delta-oriented software product lines. Based on the specification of model changes between variants by means of model regression deltas, an incremental adaptation of variant-specific dependency graphs as well as an incremental slice computation is achieved. The slice computation further allows for the derivation of differences between slices for the same point of interest enhancing, e.g., change impact analysis. We provide details of our incremental approach, discuss benefits and present future work.

关键词： Computational modeling Adaptation models Unified modeling language Testing Analytical models Software systems

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Supporting commissioning of production plants by model-based testing and model learning

Supporting commissioning of production plants by model-based...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Jan Ladiges Alexander Fay Christopher Haubeck Winfried Lamersdorf Sascha Lity Ina Schaefer Automation Technology Institute Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Germany Distributed Systems and Information Systems University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany Technische Universitat Braunschweig Braunschweig Niedersachsen DE

During the commissioning phase of production systems the identification and correction of malfunctions is a tedious task mainly done manually by commissioning engineers. This task is of high importance because missed malfunctions may result in hazardous behavior during operation phase. At this point, regardless of the engineers expertise a systematic support can drastically decrease the risk of missed malfunctions. A promising systematic approach is to use engineering artifacts of the system design phase as an information source to identify unexpected behavior regarding the specification. This paper proposes such a systematic approach based on model-based testing resulting in automatic test case generation and execution which allows to support engineers with learned models representing the expected transient system behavior. Subsequently, the obtained models are used for detection of unexpected behavior during commissioning. The unexpected behavior is presented to a commissioning engineer who decides if the behavior (1) is correct and will be added to the models or (2) represents an identified system malfunction. The approach is evaluated on a demonstration plant.

关键词： Software Testing Sensors Actuators Production Hardware Monitoring

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