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UML-Based Analysis of Power Consumption for Real-Time Embedded systems

UML-Based Analysis of Power Consumption for Real-Time Embedd...

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IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Matthias Hagner Adina Aniculaesei Ursula Goltz Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Brunswick Germany

The complexity of embedded systems has risen significantly in the last years. The model based development approach helped to keep an overview over the development and over the fulfillment of non-functional properties, as it is possible to capture and analyze the scheduling using UML development models. Other aspects, e.g. the power consumption, are not considered in development models, modelling languages, and analysis support based on development models. The common approach is to measure the consumption at the end of the development, but there is no tool support for earlier phases analysis. We present a UML profile for power/energy consumption and a simple algorithm to analyze the power consumption based on an UML model extended with our profile. As more power awareness could result in losing real-time constraints, we consider both aspects, real-time scheduling and power awareness, and present a method to bring both non-functional properties and their analyses in context. Additionally, we present an approach to find a task configuration for a dynamic voltage scaling system that satisfies all real-time requirements, but is most power efficient.

关键词： Unified modeling language Power demand Real time systems Analytical models Voltage control Energy consumption Embedded systems

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Model-based coverage-driven test suite generation for software product lines 11

Model-based coverage-driven test suite generation for softwa...

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Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Model driven engineering languages and systems

作者： Harald Cichos Sebastian Oster Malte Lochau Andy Schürr TU Darmstadt Real-Time Systems Lab TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems

ISBN: (纸本)9783642244841

Software Product Line (SPL) engineering is a popular approach for the systematic reuse of software artifacts across a large number of similar products. Unfortunately, testing each product of an SPL separately is often unfeasible. Consequently, SPL engineering is in conflict with standards like ISO 26262, which require each installed software configuration of safety-critical SPLs to be tested using a model-based approach with well-defined coverage *** this paper we address this dilemma and present a new SPL test suite generation algorithm that uses model-based testing techniques to derive a small test suite from one variable 150% test model of the SPL such that a given coverage criterion is satisfied for the test model of every product. Furthermore, our algorithm simplifies the subsequent selection of a small, representative set of products (w.r.t. the given coverage criterion) on which the generated test suite can be executed.

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Feature interaction aware test case generation for embedded control systems

Feature interaction aware test case generation for embedded ...

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作者： Lochau, Malte Goltz, Ursula Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

The growing number and increased coupling of functionality in embedded control systems, e.g. in the automotive domain, leads to complex networks of interacting features and a wide range of variants. Hence, today's software development processes must include systematic approaches to analyze the functional correctness of system specifications and implementations. Model-based testing is of particular importance for embedded software systems as the test cases can be performed at the real system under test and failures arising from the interaction of software and hardware can be discovered. As features are usually designed in a modular and isolated way, unexpected and undesired behavior caused by unintended interferences of insufficiently synchronized and even contradicting features concurrently active in the system often remains undetected which may lead to serious safety problems. To overcome such feature interactions at system integration level is tedious as it leads to a voluminous number of unmanageable test cases. We describe a model-based approach for efficiently generating test cases that particularly aim at feature interaction analysis. We first characterize feature interaction in a formal way based on a rigorous functional architecture model, and describe how to detect potential feature interactions. For test case generation, behavioral models like Statecharts and according coverage criteria can be used as usual, but only those models are integrated into the test model, that contribute to one of the features under consideration. This leads to a trade off between comprehensive test coverage to find possible flaws caused by interacting features, and yet still a reasonable number of test cases. The steps of the approach are illustrated be means of a case study from the automotive domain. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Complex networks

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Integration of scheduling analysis into UML based development processes through model transformation

Integration of scheduling analysis into UML based developmen...

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作者： Hagner, Matthias Goltz, Ursula Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Mühlenpfordtst. 23 38106 Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788360810279

The complexity of embedded systems and their safety requirements have risen significantly in recent years. Models and the model based development approach help to keep overview and control of the development. Nevertheless, a support for the analysis of non-functional requirements, e.g. the scheduling, based on development models and consequently the integration of these analysis technologies into a development process exists only sporadically. The problem is that the analysis tools use different metamodels than the development tools. Therefore, a remodeling of the system in the format of the analysis tool or a model transformation is necessary to be able to perform an analysis. Here, we introduce a scheduling analysis view as a part of the development model, which is a MARTE annotated UML model to describe a system from the scheduling behavior point of view. In addition, we present a transformation from this annotated UML model to the scheduling analysis tool SymTA/S and a treatment of the analysis results to integrate scheduling analysis into a development process. With our approach it is not necessary to remodel the system in an analysis tool to profit from the analysis and its results. Additionally, we illustrate our approach in a case study on a parallel robot controller. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Embedded systems

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An executable semantics for UML 2 activity diagrams

An executable semantics for UML 2 activity diagrams

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24th European Conference on Object-Oriented programming, ECOOP 2010 - International Workshop on Formalization of Modeling Languages, FML'10

作者： Knieke, Christoph Goltz, Ursula Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Mühlenpfordtstr. 23 38106 Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450305327

Since the revision 2 of the UML, activity diagrams have acquired many new features and a completely new metamodel. UML 2 was targeted at improving semantic precision but still lacks an executable semantics as a basis for tool support and simulation. In this paper we define an executable step semantics for a subset of activity diagrams including nested interruptible activity regions, call behavior actions, and event handling. The semantics conforms to the textual description of the UML semantics but comes with a precise definition of a step including a description of the algorithm that executes a single step. The operational semantics implemented by an appropriate tool makes UML activity diagrams suitable for the specification and design of real-life complex systems from various domains. Copyright 2010 ACM.

关键词： Semantics

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Integration of scheduling analysis into UML based development processes through model transformation

Integration of scheduling analysis into UML based developmen...

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International Multiconference on Computer Science and Information Technology, IMCSIT

作者： Matthias Hagner Ursula Goltz Institute of Programming and Reactive Systems Braunschweig University of Technology Brunswick Germany

关键词： Unified modeling language Analytical models Robots Time factors Real time systems Timing Processor scheduling

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Self-management in a control architecture for parallel kinematic robots

Self-management in a control architecture for parallel kinem...

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2008 ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, DETC 2008

作者： Maaß, Jochen Steiner, Jens Amado, Ana Michaela, Huhn Raatz, Annika Hesselbach, Jurgen Institute for Machine Tools and Production Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering TU Braunschweig 38106 Braunschweig Germany Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Department of Computer Science TU Braunschweig 38106 Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780791843253

Maintainability, extendibility and reusability of components in the design of robot control architectures is a major challenge. Parallel kinematic robots feature a wide variety of structures and applications. They are subject to easy reconfiguration because of the passive structure limbs. This class of robots requires more extensive calculations in their control laws than serial manipulators. During complex motion tasks, such as the ones required in assembly sequences, the algorithmic load may also vary over time. However, no generic control approach exists in order to reduce the complexity of control design for these kind of robots. In this paper the authors introduce an architecture for handling and assembly applications featuring self-management techniques as an approach to tackle these problems. The existing architecture features a modular and layered design. Concepts of self-management and self-optimization applied to this architecture are outlined. These properties are realized by the integration of self-managers within crucial system components. The mechanisms are extended for a future distributed version of the architecture. Real-time properties are guaranteed by an online formal analysis that verifies planned adaptations before realizing them. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.

关键词： Reusability

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A static aspect language for modelica models

A static aspect language for modelica models

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2nd International Workshop on Equation-Based Object-Oriented Languages and Tools, EOOLT 2008 - In Conjunction with the ECOOP 2008 Conference

作者： Lochau, Malte Günther, Henning Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Braunschweig Germany

With the introduction of the new Modelica major version 3, innovations mainly consist of further model restrictions for increased model quality. In addition, developers often want to ensure the compliance to further requirements early in the development cycle. Mostly emerging as domain specific conventions that often crosscut model structures, according checking mechanisms are required that are detached from the core language. In this paper, a declarative language is presented for specifying and evaluating quantified rules for static model properties. Based on aspectoriented programming, the language allows for concise and expressive model inspections and a variable and typing concept facilitate subsequent model manipulations. A nascent implementation framework is proposed, based on the logic meta programming paradigm, thus leading to efficient and scalable aspect processing applicable as model query engine for an AOP Modelica Compiler.

关键词： Computer systems programming

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Executable Requirements Specification: Formal Semantics of Live Activity Diagrams

Executable Requirements Specification: Formal Semantics of L...

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Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE)

作者： Christoph Knieke Michaela Huhn Malte Lochau TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Brunswick Germany

Errors, inconsistences, incompletenesses and ambiguities in the requirements specification are major reasons for the failure of IT projects. Since the new major version 2 of the UML, the suitability of activity diagrams for modeling requirements has increased significantly. UML 2 activity diagrams are based upon a completely reengineered metamodel including many new features and an improved semantic precision. We provide a formal syntax and operational semantics for activity diagrams to allow for fully executable models. Inspired by the scenario-based language of live sequence charts, some extensions for activity diagrams are proposed including a distinction between possible and mandatory behavior. The proposed semantics paves the way for formal reasoning and tool development that allows for early prototyping and validation by simulation.

关键词： Unified modeling language Fingers Safety Power system protection Software engineering Virtual prototyping System testing Prototypes Formal verification Technological innovation

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Modeling and Validation of Executable Requirements Using Live Activity Diagrams

Modeling and Validation of Executable Requirements Using Liv...

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International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA)

作者： Christoph Knieke Michaela Huhn Malte Lochau Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Technical University of Braunschweig Brunswick Germany

A seamless model-based methodology for requirements specification becomes increasingly the key to successful software systems engineering. The enhanced activity diagrams of UML 2 offer a promising intuitive modeling approach for requirements capturing. On this basis, we propose a formal syntax and operational semantics and extend activity diagrams to LADs (Live Activity Diagrams) by liveness-enriched constructs inspired by LSCs (Live Sequence Charts) for stating precise execution modalities. We aim at a tool-supported execution of LAD specifications allowing for early simulation and validation of requirements. We present an implementation of an LAD execution engine and describe the there upon suggested requirements engineering approach by means of an automotive case study.

关键词： Unified modeling language Automotive engineering Runtime Modeling Safety Ignition Monitoring

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