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arXiv 2021年

作者： He, Zhimin Li, Lvzhou Zheng, Shenggen Li, Yongyao Situ, Haozhen School of Electronic and Information Engineering Foshan University Foshan528000 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Quantum Computing and Computer Science Theory School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Foshan University Foshan528000 China College of Mathematics and Informatics South China Agricultural University Guangzhou510642 China

quantum compiling aims to construct a quantum circuit V by quantum gates drawn from a native gate alphabet, which is functionally equivalent to the target unitary U. It is a crucial stage for the running of quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, the space for structure exploration of quantum circuit is enormous, resulting in the requirement of human expertise, hundreds of experimentations or modifications from existing quantum circuits. In this paper, we propose a variational quantum compiling (VQC) algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL), in order to automatically design the structure of quantum circuit for VQC with no human intervention. An agent is trained to sequentially select quantum gates from the native gate alphabet and the qubits they act on by double Q-learning with Ε-greedy exploration strategy and experience replay. At first, the agent randomly explores a number of quantum circuits with different structures, and then iteratively discovers structures with higher performance on the learning task. Simulation results show that the proposed method can make exact compilations with less quantum gates compared to previous VQC algorithms. It can reduce the errors of quantum algorithms due to decoherence process and gate noise in NISQ devices, and enable quantum algorithms especially for complex algorithms to be executed within coherence time. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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quantum Frontiers in High Energy Physics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fang, Yaquan Gao, Christina Li, Ying-Ying Shu, Jing Wu, Yusheng Xing, Hongxi Xu, Bin Xu, Lailin Zhou, Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing100871 China Center for High Energy Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center Beijing Huairou101400 China Department of Modern Physics State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control MOE Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Huizhou516000 China

Numerous challenges persist in High Energy Physics (HEP), the addressing of which requires advancements in detection technology, computational methods, data analysis frameworks, and phenomenological designs. We provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of recent progress across these areas, in line with advances in quantum technology. We will discuss the potential of quantum devices in detecting subtle effects indicative of new physics beyond the Standard Model, the transformative role of quantum algorithms and large-scale quantum computers in studying real-time non-perturbative dynamics in the early universe and at colliders, as well as in analyzing complex HEP data. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of integrating quantum properties into HEP experiments to test quantum mechanics at unprecedented high-energy scales and search for hints of new physics. Looking ahead, the continued integration of resources to fully harness these evolving technologies will enhance our efforts to deepen our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： quantum computers

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Decoherence of a tunable capacitively shunted flux qubit

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Trappen, R. Dai, X. Yurtalan, M.A. Melanson, D. Tennant, D.M. Martinez, A.J. Tang, Y. Gibson, J. Grover, J.A. Disseler, S.M. Basham, J.I. Das, R. Kim, D.K. Melville, A.J. Niedzielski, B.M. Hirjibehedin, C.F. Serniak, K. Weber, S.J. Yoder, J.L. Oliver, W.D. Lidar, D.A. Lupascu, A. Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Dartmouth College Hanover03755 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology LexingtonMA02421 United States Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Chemistry and Physics Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

We present a detailed study of the coherence of a tunable capacitively-shunted flux qubit, designed for coherent quantum annealing applications. The measured relaxation at the qubit symmetry point is mainly due to intrinsic flux noise in the main qubit loop for qubit frequencies below ∼ 3 GHz. At higher frequencies, thermal noise in the bias line makes a significant contribution to the relaxation, arising from the design choice to experimentally explore both fast annealing and high-frequency control. The measured dephasing rate is primarily due to intrinsic low-frequency flux noise in the two qubit loops, with additional contribution from the low-frequency noise of control electronics used for fast annealing. The flux-bias dependence of the dephasing time also reveals apparent noise correlation between the two qubit loops, possibly due to non-local sources of flux noise or junction critical-current noise. Our results are relevant for ongoing efforts toward building superconducting quantum annealers with increased coherence. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Advancing quantum imaging through learning theory

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Yunkai Oh, Changhun Liu, Junyu Jiang, Liang Zhou, Sisi Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Applied Mathematics University of Waterloo ONN2L 3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo ONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science The University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo ONN2L 3G1 Canada

We quantify performance of quantum imaging by modeling it as a learning task and calculating the Resolvable Expressive Capacity (REC). Compared to the traditionally applied Fisher information matrix approach, REC provides a single-parameter interpretation of overall imaging quality for specific measurements that applies in the regime of finite samples. We first examine imaging performance for two-point sources and generally distributed sources, referred to as compact sources, both of which have intensity distributions confined within the Rayleigh limit of the imaging system. Our findings indicate that REC increases stepwise as the sample number reaches certain thresholds, which are dependent on the source’s size. Notably, these thresholds differ between direct imaging and superresolution measurements (e.g., spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) measurement in the case of Gaussian point spread functions (PSF)). REC also enables the extension of our analysis to more general scenarios involving multiple compact sources, beyond the previously studied scenarios. For closely spaced compact sources with Gaussian PSFs, our newly introduced orthogonalized SPADE method outperforms the naively separate SPADE method, as quantified by REC. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fisher information matrix

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Experimental masking of real quantum states

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Rui-Qi Hou, Zhibo Li, Zihao Zhu, Huangjun Xiang, Guo-Yong Li, Chuan-Feng Guo, Guang-Can Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Hefei230026 China CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

Masking of quantum information is a way of hiding information in correlations such that no information is accessible to any local observer. Although the set of all quantum states as a whole cannot be masked into bipartite correlations according to the no-masking theorem, the set of real states is maskable and is a maximal maskable set. In this work, we experimentally realize a masking protocol of the real ququart by virtue of a photonic quantum walk. Our experiment clearly demonstrates that quantum information of the real ququart can be completely hidden in bipartite correlations of two-qubit hybrid entangled states, which are encoded in two different degrees of freedom of a single photon. The hidden information is not accessible from each qubit alone, but can be faithfully retrieved with a fidelity of about 99% from correlation measurements. By contrast, any superset of the set of real density matrices cannot be masked. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Particle beams

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Extending python for quantum-classical computing via quantum just-in-time compilation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Nguyen, Thien McCaskey, Alexander J. Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Quantum Computing Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States

Python is a popular programming language known for its flexibility, usability, readability, and focus on developer productivity. The quantum software community has adopted Python on a number of large-scale efforts due to these characteristics, as well as the remote nature of near-term quantum processors. The use of Python has enabled quick prototyping for quantum code that directly benefits pertinent research and development efforts in quantum scientific computing. However, this rapid prototyping ability comes at the cost of future performant integration for tightly-coupled CPU-QPU architectures with fast-feedback. Here we present a language extension to Python that enables heterogeneous quantum-classical computing via a robust C++ infrastructure for quantum just-in-time (QJIT) compilation. Our work builds off the QCOR C++ language extension and compiler infrastructure to enable a single-source, quantum hardware-agnostic approach to quantum-classical computing that retains the performance required for tightly coupled CPU-QPU compute models. We detail this Pythonic extension, its programming model and underlying software architecture, and provide a robust set of examples to demonstrate the utility of our approach. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Python

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Modular Average and Weyl Anomaly in Two-Dimensional Schwarzian theory

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Xing Ma, Chen-Te Institute of Modern Physics Northwest University Xi’an710069 China NSFC-SPTP Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Xi’an710127 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers Xi’an710069 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The Laboratory for Quantum Gravity and Strings Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch7700 South Africa

The gauge formulation of Einstein gravity in AdS3 background leads to a boundary theory that breaks modular symmetry and loses the covariant form. We examine the Weyl anomaly for the cylinder and torus manifolds. The divergent term is the same as the Liouville theory when transforming from the cylinder to the sphere. The general Weyl transformation on the torus also reproduces the Liouville theory. The Weyl transformation introduces an additional boundary term for reproducing the Liouville theory, which allows the use of CFT techniques to analyze the theory. The torus partition function in this boundary theory is one-loop exact, and an analytical solution to disjoint two-interval Rényi-2 mutual information can be obtained. We also discuss a first-order phase transition for the separation length of two intervals, which occurs at the classical level but is smoothed out by non-perturbative effects captured by averaging over a modular group in the boundary theory. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cylinders (shapes)

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Control power of a high-dimensional controlled nonlocal quantum computation

引用

Physical Review A 2021年第5期103卷 052601-052601页

作者： Neng-Fei Gong Tie-Jun Wang Shohini Ghose School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Department of Physics and Computer Science Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo Ontario N2L 3C5 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

We propose a scheme for a high-dimensional nonlocal controlled quantum computation network. A client with limited quantum technology can control a distributed computation between two quantum servers in a secure manner, such that the client's computational information remains private. We define a measure to quantify the client's control power when performing nonlocal quantum gates. We find that, given the same channel resources, the client's control power over nonlocal quantum gate operations between quantum servers is much greater than that of quantum state transfer between quantum servers. Our scheme prevents quantum servers in the network from stealing each other's information or jointly stealing the client's information. Our protocol provides new avenues for building quantum computing networks and methods to develop the resource theory of quantum channels.

关键词： quantum computation quantum control quantum cryptography quantum gates quantum networks

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Protecting fiber-optic quantum key distribution sources against light-injection attacks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Ponosova, Anastasiya Ruzhitskaya, Daria Chaiwongkhot, Poompong Egorov, Vladimir Makarov, Vadim Huang, Anqi Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow121205 Russia NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok10400 Thailand Bangkok10110 Thailand Leading Research Center for Quantum Internet ITMO University Birzhevaya line 14 St. Petersburg199034 Russia SMARTS-Quanttelecom LLC 6 liniya V.O. 59 St. Petersburg199178 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

A well-protected and characterised source in a quantum key distribution system is needed for its security. Unfortunately, the source is vulnerable to light-injection attacks, such as Trojan-horse, laser-seeding, and laser-damage attacks, in which an eavesdropper actively injects bright light to hack the source unit. The hacking laser could be a high-power one that can modify properties of components via the laser-damage attack and also further help the Trojan-horse and other light-injection attacks. Here we propose a countermeasure against the light-injection attacks, consisting of an additional sacrificial component placed at the exit of the source. This component should either withstand high-power incoming light while attenuating it to a safe level that cannot modify the rest of the source, or get destroyed into a permanent high-attenuation state that breaks up the line. We demonstrate experimentally that off-the-shelf fiber-optic isolators and circulators have these desired properties, at least under attack by a continuous-wave high-power laser. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser damage

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Distributed quantum algorithm for discrete logarithm problem

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Hao Qiu, Daowen Institute of Quantum Computing and Software School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China The Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China

The quantum algorithm with polynomial time for discrete logarithm problem proposed by Shor is one of the most significant quantum algorithms, but a large number of qubits may be required in the Noisy Intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) A distributed quantum algorithm for discrete logarithm problem is designed, and its space complexity and success probability exhibit certain advantages to some extent;(2) The classical error correction technique proposed by Xiao and Qiu et al. is generalized by extending three bits to more than three bits. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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