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54th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2024

作者： Läufer, Konstantin Mertin, Gunda Thiruvathukal, George K. Loyola University Software and Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science Chicago United States Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351507

Background: In this Innovative Practice Work in Progress, we present our initial efforts to integrate formal methods, with a focus on model-checking specifications written in Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA+), into computer science education, targeting undergraduate juniors/seniors and graduate students. Many safety-critical systems and services crucially depend on correct and reliable behavior. Formal methods can play a key role in ensuring correct and safe system behavior, yet remain underutilized in educational and industry contexts. Aims: We aim to (1) qualitatively assess the state of formal methods in computer science programs, (2) construct level-appropriate examples that could be included midway into one's undergraduate studies, (3) demonstrate how to address successive 'failuresy' through progressively stringent safety and liveness requirements, and (4) establish an ongoing framework for assessing interest and relevance among students. Methods: We detail our pedagogical strategy for embedding TLA+ into an intermediate course on formal methods at our institution. After starting with a refresher on mathematical logic, students specify the rules of simple puzzles in TLA+ and use its included model checker (known as TLC) to find a solution. We gradually escalate to more complex, dynamic, event-driven systems, such as the control logic of a microwave oven, where students will study safety and liveness requirements. We subsequently discuss explicit concurrency, along with thread safety and deadlock avoidance, by modeling bounded counters and buffers. Results: Our initial findings suggest that through careful curricular design and choice of examples and tools, it is possible to inspire and cultivate a new generation of software engineers proficient in formal methods. Conclusions: Our initial efforts suggest that 84% of our students had a positive experience in our formal methods course. Our future plans include a longitudinal analysis within our own institution and

关键词： Students

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Device- And service profiles for integrated or systems based on open standards

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Current Directions in Biomedical engineering 2015年第1期1卷 538-542页

作者： Mildner, Alexander Janß, Armin Dell'Anna-Pudlik, Jasmin Merz, Paul Leucker, Martin Radermacher, Klaus UniTransferKlinik Lübeck Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1 Lübeck 23562 Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany Department of Medical Engineering Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Germany

Integrated OR systems nowadays are closed and proprietary, so that the interconnection of components from third-party vendors is only possible with high time and cost effort. An integrated operating theatre with open interfaces, giving clinical operators the opportunity to choose individual medical devices from different manufacturers, is currently being developed in the framework of the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) funded project *** [1]. Actual standards and concepts regarding technical feasibility and accreditation process do not cope with the requirements for modular integration based on an open standard. Therefore, strategies as well as service and device profiles to enable a procedure for risk management and certifiability are in the focus of the project work. Amongst others, a concept for User Interface Profiles (UI-Profiles) has been conceived in order to describe medical device functions and the entire user interface regarding Human-Machine-Interaction (HMI) characteristics with the aim to identify human-induced risks of central user interfaces. The use of standardized device and service profiles shall allow the manufacturers to integrate their medical devices in the *** network, without disclosing the medical devices' risk analysis and related confidential knowledge or proprietary information. © 2015 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2015.

关键词： Usability engineering

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Quality indicators for automotive test case specifications

Quality indicators for automotive test case specifications

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2018 Combined Workshops of the German software engineering Conference, SE-WS 2018

作者： Juhnke, Katharina Tichy, Matthias Houdek, Frank Daimler AG Group Research and MBC Development Ulm Germany Ulm University Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm Germany

Testing is an important quality assurance activity during development of automotive software. Automotive OEMs and suppliers use test case specifications to specify, mostly informal, test cases as well as supporting information like traces to requirements. While the quality of the test case specifications has a high influence on the quality of the subsequent testing, quality of informal automotive test case specifications have not been investigated yet. In this paper, we present 7 potential quality indicators, ranging from requirement coverage to contents of a test step. The quality indicators have been identified in a case study of 816 current test case specifications specified by an OEM and suppliers. © 2018 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： software testing

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Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Vehicles With an Ai-Controlled Surrounding Vehicle in a Practice-Relevant Context 27

Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Veh...

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27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Beringhoff, Felix Greenyer, Joel Roesener, Christian Tichy, Matthias Volkswagen Ag Wolfsburg Germany Fhdw Hannover Hannover30173 Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

Scenario-based testing is seen as a key for the verification and validation of automated vehicles (AV). In a test scenario, the AV is tested under pre-defined traffic conditions. However, realizing those traffic conditions is challenging due to the autonomously behaving AV. The AV decides on its own, whether it gets into the test scenario conditions at all, e.g., by deciding on which lane it wants to drive or at which velocity it is driving. In order to influence the AV's decision making in a required way to realize a test scenario condition, we implement a novel AI method for controlling a surrounding vehicle (SV) of the AV. The AI-controlled SV (AISV) consists of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent which is trained to, e.g., nudge the AV into changing lanes. In contrast to current common practice, this approach does not require the manual tailoring of triggers and actions for controlling the SV. In this paper, we report on a working design of the RL framework and experiments regarding three different training scopes for the RL agent. We distinguish specialized agents which are trained to reach a single scenario condition and two sorts of generalized agents which shall be capable of reaching a set of scenario conditions. The results show that specialized agents perform the best with a success rate of up to 100 %. However, the generalized agents perform better in realizing scenario conditions which are not known to the agent from training. We also report on an implementation of the approach in a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HIL) test bench used in industrial practice and discuss a first try-out. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Learning minimal deterministic automata from inexperienced teachers

Learning minimal deterministic automata from inexperienced t...

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5th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Technologies for Mastering Change, ISoLA 2012

作者： Leucker, Martin Neider, Daniel Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany Lehrstuhl für Informatik 7 RWTH Aachen University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642340253

A prominent learning algorithm is Angluin's L* algorithm, which allows to learn a minimal deterministic automaton using so-called membership and equivalence queries addressed to a teacher. In many applications, however, a teacher might be unable to answer some of the membership queries because parts of the object to learn are not completely specified, not observable, it is too expensive to resolve these queries, etc. Then, these queries may be answered inconclusively. In this paper, we survey different algorithms to learn minimal deterministic automata in this setting in a coherent fashion. Moreover, we provide modifications and improvements for these algorithms, which are enabled by recent developments. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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A Survey on the Relevance of the Performance of Model Transformations

A Survey on the Relevance of the Performance of Model Transf...

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Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs softwaretechnik, software engineering 2022 - Conference of the GI software engineering Section, software engineering 2022

作者： Groner, Raffaela Juhnke, Katharina Höppner, Stefan Tichy, Matthias Becker, Steffen Vijayshree, Vijayshree Frank, Sebastian Ulm University Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring UlmD-89069 Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Software Engineering Universitätsstraße StuttgartD-70569 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797142

When we are confronted with performance issues in a general-purpose language, like Java, it is a given to us that we have various tools and techniques at our disposal to help us. But is such support also needed when using model transformation languages? To address this question, we conducted a quantitative online survey as part of a mixed methods study with 84 respondents to our questionnaire. Our results show that a certain performance is desired but not always achieved. The developers would like to improve the performance, but they lack insights on how a transformation is performed. As a first step to mitigate this issue, we compiled a list of information regarding the models used, the transformations applied and their execution deemed to be helpful by the participants. Additionally, we used hypotheses tests to investigate possible influencing factors that cause participants to try to improve the performance of transformations. The main relevant factors found in our study are the satisfaction with the execution time, the size of the models used, the relevance of whether a certain execution time is not exceeded in the average case, and the knowledge of how a transformation engine executes a transformation. © 2022 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys

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Challenges and research directions for successfully applying MBE tools in practice

Challenges and research directions for successfully applying...

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2017 MODELS Satellite Event: Workshops (ModComp, ME, EXE, COMMitMDE, MRT, MULTI, GEMOC, MoDeVVa, MDETools, FlexMDE, MDEbug), Posters, Doctoral Symposium, Educator Symposium, ACM Student Research Competition, and Tools and Demonstrations, MODEL-SSE 2017

作者： Bordeleau, Francis Liebel, Grischa Raschke, Alexander Stieglbauer, Gerald Tichy, Matthias CMind Inc. Canada Software Engineering Division Chalmers University of Gothenburg Sweden Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany AVL List Gmbh Graz Austria

Model Based engineering aims to improve efficiency and effectiveness of software engineering. Success in industrial practice of MBE does not only depend on the modeling languages and constructive or analytical approaches, like code generation or model checking. It is also heavily influenced by the quality and, particularly, usability of the selected tools. In this position paper, we discuss challenges experienced in applying MBE in practice both from academic as well as industrial viewpoints. Based on the research challenges, we discuss future research directions to improve the chances for the success of MBE in industrial practice.

关键词： Modeling languages

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An Exploratory Study on Performance engineering in Model Transformations

An Exploratory Study on Performance Engineering in Model Tra...

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Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs softwaretechnik, software engineering 2021 - Conference of the GI software engineering Section, SE 2021

作者： Groner, Raffaela Beaucamp, Luis Tichy, Matthias Becker, Steffen Ulm University Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring UlmD-89069 Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Software Engineering Universitätsstraße StuttgartD-70569 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797043

Model-Driven software engineering is used to deal with the increasing complexity of software, but this trend also leads to larger and more complex models and model transformations. While improving the performance of transformation engines has been a focus, there does not exist any empirical study on how transformation developers deal with performance issues. We used a quantitative questionnaire to investigate whether the performance of transformations is actually important for transformation developers. Based on the answers to the questionnaire, we conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews. The results of the online survey show that 43 of 81 participants have already tried to improve the performance of a transformation and 34 participants are sometimes or only rarely satisfied with the execution performance. Based on the answers from our 13 interviews, we identified different strategies to prevent or find performance issues in model transformations as well as different types of causes of performance issues and solutions to resolve them. We compiled a collection of tool features perceived helpful by the interviewees for finding causes. Overall, our results show that performance of transformations is relevant and that there is a lack of support for transformation developers without detailed knowledge of the engine to solve performance issues. This summary refers to our work, which was accepted for the Foundation Track of the ACM/IEEE 23rd International Conference on Model Driven engineering languages and Systems (MODELS) in 2020 [Gr20]. © 2020 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Engines

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Optimistic Versioning for Conflict-tolerant Collaborative Blended Modeling 10

Optimistic Versioning for Conflict-tolerant Collaborative Bl...

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STAF 2022 Workshop: 10th International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations, BX 2022, 2nd International Workshop on Foundations and Practice of Visual Modeling, FPVM 2022 and 2nd International Workshop on MDE for Smart IoT Systems, MeSS 2022

作者： Exelmans, Joeri Pietron, Jakob Raschke, Alexander Vangheluwe, Hans Tichy, Matthias Department of Computer Science University of Antwerp - Flanders Make Antwerp Belgium Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm Germany

Optimistic versioning is a key component in supporting collaborative workflows. Text-based versioning has been widely adopted for versioning code, but in model-driven engineering, dealing with visual concrete syntaxes, new methods are required. In the case of blended modeling, a mixture of both textual and visual syntaxes, concurrently editable and synchronizable, introduces additional challenges. We propose a type of operation-based versioning to record not only user edits, but also bi-directional change propagations between concrete and abstract syntax. This way we can support blended modeling with layout continuity, and flexible handling of missing information (e. g., layout information) when rendering changes from abstract to concrete syntax. In addition, the proposed versioning approach enables collaborative conflict resolution by allowing partial conflict resolution, thus deferring a final resolution. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Abstracting

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Morpheus: A degradation framework for resilient IoT systems 9

Morpheus: A degradation framework for resilient IoT systems

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STAF 2021 Workshop: 9th International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations, Joint Workshop on Foundations and Practice of Visual Modeling and Data for Model-Driven engineering, International Workshop on MDE for Smart IoT Systems, 4th International Workshop on (Meta) Modeling for Healthcare Systems, and 20th International Workshop on OCL and Textual Modeling, STAF-WS 2021

作者： Heß, Alexander Hauck, Franz J. Mödinger, David Pietron, Jakob Tichy, Matthias Domaschka, Jörg Institute of Distributed Systems Ulm University Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany Institute of Information Resource Management Ulm University Germany

Graceful degradation is an established concept to improve the resilience of systems, especially when other resilience mechanisms have failed. Its implementation is often heavily tied to the application code and, thus, cumbersome and error prone. As IoT systems get not only ubiquitous but also critical, reliable graceful degradation would be ideal. In this paper, we present the Morpheus framework that provides a TypeScript-internal DSL to enable a systematic development of degradable IoT systems. The design of the framework is based on the concept of separation of concerns by providing distinct yet linked languages to specify hierarchical components and their connections;the components’ operating modes and transfer functions between them;as well as state machines for the specification of the components’ behaviour in each operating mode. The operating modes for each component serve as degradation levels. Automatic degradation of a component is triggered in case of failures of connected components. With recovery from underlying failures, the component is automatically upgraded back to a higher level. We illustrate our framework using a simplified prototype of an entrance barrier of a parking garage. © 2021 Copyright (c) 2021 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

关键词： Internet of things

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