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SSRN 2023年

作者： Romero-Organvidez, David Galindo, José A. Sundermann, Chico Horcas, Jose-Miguel Benavides, David Department of Computer Languages and Systems University of Seville Spain Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany CAOSD ITIS Software University of Málaga Spain

Feature models are the de facto standard for modelling variabilities and commonalities. Concrete models in different domains exist;however, many are in private or sparse repositories or belong to discontinued projects. The dispersion of knowledge of feature models hinders the study and reuse of these artefacts in different studies. The Universal Variability Language (UVL) is a community effort textual feature model language that promotes a common way of serialising feature models independently of concrete tools. Open science principles promote transparency, accessibility, and collaboration in scientific research. Although some attempts exist to promote feature model sharing, the existing solutions lack open science principles by design. In addition, existing and public feature models are described using formats not always supported by current tools. This paper presents UVLHUB, a repository of feature models in UVL format. UVLHUB provides a front end that facilitates the search, upload, storage, and management of feature model datasets, improving the capabilities of discontinued proposals. Furthermore, the tool communicates with Zenodo providing a permanent save of datasets and following open science principles. UVLHUB includes existing datasets and is readily available to include new data and functionalities in the future. It is maintained by three active universities in variability modelling. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Concretes

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Runtime Verification of Autonomous Systems Utilizing Digital Twins as a Service 5

Runtime Verification of Autonomous Systems Utilizing Digital...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion, ACSOS-C 2024

作者： Kristensen, Morten Haahr Bonizzi, Alberto Gomes, Claudio Hansen, Simon Thrane Isasa, Carlos Iven, Hannes Kamburjan, Eduard Larsen, Peter Gorm Leucker, Martin Talasila, Prasad Tang, Valdemar Trojgard Tonetta, Stefano Vosteen, Lars B. Wright, Thomas Aarhus University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Denmark Fondazione Bruno Kessler Italy University of Luxembourg Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust Luxembourg Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität zu Lübeck Germany University of Oslo Department of Informatics Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389760

Autonomous Systems (AS) enable systems to adapt to drastic and unprecedented environmental changes, a capability that can be enhanced through the utilization of Digital Twins (DTs). However, the additional capabilities of AS come at the cost of explainability, as the expanding adaptation space complicates the reasoning about the system's behavior. For certain types of systems, it is crucial to ensure that specific properties are upheld despite the system's autonomous behavior. To facilitate the monitoring of these properties, we propose the use of Runtime Verification (RV). This tutorial demonstrates the integration of RV tools into the Digital Twins as a Service (DTaaS) platform to monitor and verify the behavior of AS in real-time. By exploring various methods to incorporate RV tools within a DT context, the tutorial aims to advance the application of RV technologies in autonomic computing and self-adaptive system design. Specifically, we demonstrate how the behavior of a self-configuring DT can be verified utilizing RV. This is accomplished through the DTaaS platform, which supports seamless deployment of DT-based AS. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive systems

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Mapping aids using source location tracking increase novices' performance in programming cyber-physical systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Witte, Thomas Vogt, Andrea Seufert, Tina Tichy, Matthias Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany Department Learning and Instruction Institute of Psychology Education Ulm University Germany

Motivation and Background. Novices need to overcome initial barriers while programming cyber-physical systems behavior, like coding quadcopter missions, and should thus be supported by an adequately designed programming environment. Using multiple representations by including graphical previews is a common approach to ease coding and program understanding. However, novices struggle to map information of the code and graphical previews. Previous studies imply that mapping aids in a live programming environment might support novices while programming and foster a deeper understanding of the content. To implement these mapping aids in a domain independent way Source Location Tracking based on run-time information can be used. Method. In our study, we tested N = 82 participants while interacting and learning in an online programming environment. Using our 2x2 between-subject design study, we investigated the effects of two mapping aids: highlighting and dynamic linking on coding correctness including typical errors, and learning outcomes. Based on process data successful strategies were analyzed. Results. Combining both mapping aids compared to one aid resulted in higher performance. While highlights were more helpful for implementing the quadcopter missions (mission 1: p = .008*, ηpartial2 = .091), dynamic linking improved learning outcomes on the comprehension (F(1,75) = 5.61, p = .020*, ηpartial2 = .070) and application level (F(1,75) = 4.08, p = .047*, ηpartial2 = .052). Traces of learning strategies were related to higher coding correctness (organizing: r = .553, p © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Mapping

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Empowering multilevel DSMLs with integrated runtime verification

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Macías, Fernando Rutle, Adrian Stolz, Volker Scheffel, Torben Schmitz, Malte Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany

Within Model-Driven software engineering, Domain-Specific Modelling has proven to be a powerful technique to specify systems and systems' behaviour in a formal, yet understandable way. Runtime verification (RV) has been successfully used to verify the correctness of such behaviour. Specifying behaviour requires managing various levels of abstractions, making multilevel modelling (MLM) a suitable approach for this task. In this paper, we present an approach to combine MLM and RV with an example from the domain of distributed real-time systems. The semantics of the specified behaviour as well as the evaluation of correctness properties are given by model transformation rules. This facilitates simulation of the system and checking against real-time temporal logic correctness properties. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Real time systems

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Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Vehicles With an Ai-Controlled Surrounding Vehicle in a Practice-Relevant Context

Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Veh...

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Felix Beringhoff Joel Greenyer Christian Roesener Matthias Tichy Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg Germany FHDW Hannover Hannover Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331505929

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505936

Scenario-based testing is seen as a key for the verification and validation of automated vehicles (AV). In a test scenario, the AV is tested under pre-defined traffic conditions. However, realizing those traffic conditions is challenging due to the autonomously behaving AV. The AV decides on its own, whether it gets into the test scenario conditions at all, e.g., by deciding on which lane it wants to drive or at which velocity it is driving. In order to influence the AV's decision making in a required way to realize a test scenario condition, we implement a novel AI method for controlling a surrounding vehicle (SV) of the AV. The AI-controlled SV (AISV) consists of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent which is trained to, e.g., nudge the AV into changing lanes. In contrast to current common practice, this approach does not require the manual tailoring of triggers and actions for controlling the SV. In this paper, we report on a working design of the RL framework and experiments regarding three different training scopes for the RL agent. We distinguish specialized agents which are trained to reach a single scenario condition and two sorts of generalized agents which shall be capable of reaching a set of scenario conditions. The results show that specialized agents perform the best with a success rate of up to 100 %. However, the generalized agents perform better in realizing scenario conditions which are not known to the agent from training. We also report on an implementation of the approach in a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HIL) test bench used in industrial practice and discuss a first try-out.

关键词： Training Symbiosis Roads XML Prototypes Reinforcement learning Manuals Artificial intelligence Intelligent transportation systems Testing

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software engineering Research and Applications 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Computer Science

1000年

作者： Walter Dosch Roger Y. Lee Chisu Wu

ISBN: (数字)9783540321347

ISBN: (纸本)9783540321330

It was our great pleasure to extend a welcome to all who participated in SERA 2004, the second International Conference on software engineering Research, Management and Applications, held at the Omni Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA. The conference would not have been possible without the cooperation of Seoul National University, Korea, the University of Lübeck, Germany, and Central Michigan University, USA. SERA 2004 was sponsored by the International Association for Computer and Information Science (ACIS). The conference brought together researchers, practitioners, and advanced graduate students to exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results in all aspects (theory, applications, and tools) of software engineering Research and Applications. At this conference, we had keynote speeches by Barry Boehm, C.V. Ramamoorthy, Raymond Yeh, and Con Kenney. We would like to thank the publicity chairs, the members of our program committees, and everyone else who helped with the conference for their hard work and time dedicated to SERA 2004. We hope that SERA 2004 was enjoyable for all participants. Barry Boehm May 2004 Preface The 2nd ACIS International Conference on software engineering – Research, Management and Applications (SERA 2004) was held at the Omni Hotel in Los Angeles, California, during May 5–7, 2004. The conference particularly welcomes contributions at the junction of theory and practice disseminating basic research with immediate impact on practical applications. The SERA conference series has witnessed a short, but successful history:

关键词： software engineering/programming and Operating Systems software engineering Computer Communication Networks Artificial Intelligence User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction Management of Computing and Information Systems

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Evolution of software in automated production systems: challenges and research directions

Evolution of software in automated production systems: chall...

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software engineering-Konferenz, SE 2016 - software engineering Conference, SE 2016

作者： Vogel-Heuser, Birgit Fay, Alexander Schaefer, Ina Tichy, Matthias Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technische Universität München Boltzmannstr. 15 Garching near Munich85748 Germany Institute of Automation Technology Helmut Schmidt University Holstenhofweg 85 Hamburg22043 Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technische Universität Braunschweig Mühlenpfordtstr. 23 Braunschweig38106 Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität Ulm Ulm89069 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885796466

Coping with evolution in automated production systems implies cross-disciplinary challenges along the system's life-cycle for variant-rich systems of high complexity. We provide an interdisciplinary survey on challenges and research directions in the evolution of automated production systems. After an initial discussion about the nature of automated production systems and their specific development process, we sketch in this extended abstract the challenges associated with evolution in the different development phases and a couple of cross-cutting areas.

关键词： Life cycle

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Dynamic remote control through service orchestration of point-of-care and surgical devices based on IEEE 11073 SDC

Dynamic remote control through service orchestration of poin...

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Health Innovations and POCT

作者： Martin Kasparick Malte Schmitz Frank Golatowski Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509011674

Nowadays, the staff of modern operation rooms (ORs) and intensive care units (ICUs) has to handle increasingly complex medical devices and their user interfaces. Inconsistent and often non-sterile user interfaces lead to error-prone and slow reconfiguring actions which in the end may even harm the patient. To overcome these issues interconnected medical devices are necessary. We introduce a new concept for flexible and easy-to-use remote controls which allow to control a range of different devices from different manufacturers. Current solutions are vendor-, and mostly even device-specific and tightly coupled. The effort for manufacturers is high and the maintainability is bad. Thus, controls that can be assigned dynamically to different medical devices are rare or mostly not available. Yet such dynamic controls are badly needed to improve clinical workflows especially in ORs and ICUs. We establish such a remote control setup using the service-oriented architecture defined in the IEEE 11073 SDC standards family. The presented concept is based on dynamic service orchestration to overcome existing problems: The control device and the controlled medical device are published as independent services in the network and an additional composed service interconnects them. We successfully implemented this concept for dynamically assignable controls in a real-world demonstrator with several medical devices from more than five different manufacturers. Performance evaluations show its practicability.

关键词： Measurement Biomedical imaging Control systems Surgery Standards User interfaces

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WIP: An Engaging Undergraduate Intro to Model Checking in software engineering Using TLA+

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Läufer, Konstantin Mertin, Gunda Thiruvathukal, George K. Software and Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science Loyola University Chicago United States Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany

Background: In this Innovative Practice Work in Progress, we present our initial efforts to integrate formal methods, with a focus on model-checking specifications written in Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA+), into computer science education, targeting undergraduate juniors/seniors and graduate students. Many safety-critical systems and services crucially depend on correct and reliable behavior. Formal methods can play a key role in ensuring correct and safe system behavior, yet remain underutilized in educational and industry contexts. Aims: We aim to (1) qualitatively assess the state of formal methods in computer science programs, (2) construct level-appropriate examples that could be included midway into one’s undergraduate studies, (3) demonstrate how to address successive "failures" through progressively stringent safety and liveness requirements, and (4) establish an ongoing framework for assessing interest and relevance among students. Methods: We detail our pedagogical strategy for embedding TLA+ into an intermediate course on formal methods at our institution. After starting with a refresher on mathematical logic, students specify the rules of simple puzzles in TLA+ and use its included model checker (known as TLC) to find a solution. We gradually escalate to more complex, dynamic, event-driven systems, such as the control logic of a microwave oven, where students will study safety and liveness requirements. We subsequently discuss explicit concurrency, along with thread safety and deadlock avoidance, by modeling bounded counters and buffers. Results: Our initial findings suggest that through careful curricular design and choice of examples and tools, it is possible to inspire and cultivate a new generation of software engineers proficient in formal methods. Conclusions: Our initial efforts suggest that 84% of our students had a positive experience in our formal methods course. Our future plans include a longitudinal analysis within our own institution and

关键词： Students

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Effectiveness of Performance Visualizations for Declarative Model Transformations

Effectiveness of Performance Visualizations for Declarative ...

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IEEE International Workshop on Visualizing software for Understanding and Analysis (VISSOFT)

作者： Raffaela Groner Matthias Tichy Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers | University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331528485

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528492

Several profilers for general-purpose languages like Java offer visualizations to support users in understanding the execution of a program and identifying the causes of a performance issue. Unfortunately, these performance visualizations are difficult to reuse in profilers for declarative model transformations since they cannot display transformation-specific information. For example, a profiler for a declarative model transformation language must provide information on the traversal of the input model since it impacts the performance but is hidden from the developer. Moreover, the respective visualization must scale for input models that consist of several thousand model elements. Hence, we developed performance visualizations for the declarative model transformation language Henshin that provide insights into the transformation execution. Subsequently, we performed a mixed methods study with 18 Henshin novices to evaluate the effectiveness of our visualizations. In our study, the participants tried to improve the execution performance of four transformations by performing a root cause analysis using our visualizations. The results of our study show that depending on the task, between 16 and 18 participants understood the execution of a transformation correctly based on our visualizations. Moreover, between 12 and 18 participants proposed effective optimizations using our visualizations.

关键词： Visualization Root cause analysis Java Color software Encoding Data mining Optimization

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