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Euromicro Conference on software engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Katharina Juhnke Matthias Tichy Frank Houdek Daimler AG Group Research & MBC Development Ulm Germany Ulm University Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538673843

Test case specifications are a fundamental part of a structured test process and required by standards like ISO 26262 in the automotive domain. Test cases are usually derived from requirements and provide a necessary basis for test implementation and execution. The aim of this work is to gain insights into the creation and processing of test case specifications from a practitioner's point of view. We decided on an explorative case study to identify challenges related to three problem areas: creation, processing and quality assessment related aspects of test case specifications. We conducted 17 semi-structured interviews covering a German OEM and three automotive suppliers. Afterwards, we analyzed the collected data qualitatively to identify challenges as well as causes and consequences arising from them. The identified challenges were categorized in a taxonomy consisting of nine main categories: (1) availability and (2) content-related problems with input artifacts, problems related to (3) a lack of knowledge, (4) the test case description, (5) the content of a test case specification, (6) quality assurance, (7) processes, (8) communication, and (9) tools. Overall, we observed a present awareness of the identified challenges, which is evident from different solutions to handle these challenges. Nevertheless, some of the current solutions are not efficient and still require a lot of manual work, for instance phrasing-based problems in test cases.

关键词： Automotive engineering Interviews software testing Tools software Encoding

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Autonomic and Trusted Computing 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Computer Science

1000年

作者： Juan González Nieto Wolfgang Reif Guojun Wang Jadwiga Indulska

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Collaboration And Versioning Framework – A Systematic Top-Down Approach

Collaboration And Versioning Framework – A Systematic Top-D...

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Conference on Model Driven engineering languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C)

作者： Jakob Pietron Alexander Raschke Joeri Exelmans Matthias Tichy Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm Germany Department of Computer Science University of Antwerp – Flanders Make Antwerp Belgium

CONTEXT: Versioning allows users to efficiently create and evolve artifacts, not only but especially in the domain of model-driven engineering. Due to collaboration tools, the place and time where users jointly work at their artifacts do not play an important role anymore. Objective: We systematically elaborated a classification framework for collaboration and versioning tools. The intention is threefold: First, it should be possible to classify existing approaches. Second, deriving from user goals requirements to be met, and capabilities to be supported by a new tool. Third, given a set of capabilities, highlight which user goals can be achieved. Method: According to Kang and Lee, we systematically elaborated a problem space and a solution space and created mappings between both spaces and their sub-spaces. To demonstrate the applicability, we classified existing VCS like git, Google Docs, and several MDE-specific approaches. Results: The created feature diagram covers 238 features and contains about 87 constraints. Conclusion: The developed framework supports researchers and developers in classifying their tools, revealing new opportunities to improve their tools, and guiding the development of new tools.

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A proposal of an example and experiments repository to foster industrial adoption of formal methods 8th

A proposal of an example and experiments repository to foste...

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8th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation, ISoLA 2018

作者： Schlick, Rupert Felderer, Michael Majzik, Istvan Nardone, Roberto Raschke, Alexander Snook, Colin Vittorini, Valeria Center for Digital Safety and Security AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Department of Software Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona Sweden Department of Measurement and Information Systems Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm Germany Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783030034269

Formal methods (in a broad sense) have been around almost since the beginning of computer science. Nonetheless, there is a perception in the formal methods community that take-up by industry is low considering the potential benefits. We take a look at possible reasons and give candidate explanations for this effect. To address the issue, we propose a repository of industry-relevant example problems with an accompanying open data storage for experiment results in order to document, disseminate and compare exemplary solutions from formal model based methods. This would allow potential users from industry to better understand the available solutions and to more easily select and adopt a formal method that fits their needs. At the same time, it would foster the adoption of open data and good scientific practice in this research field. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018.

关键词： Formal methods

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Efficient Detection of Commutative Factors in Factor Graphs

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Luttermann, Malte Machemer, Johann Gehrke, Marcel Lübeck Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany Institute for Humanities-Centered Artificial Intelligence University of Hamburg Germany

Lifted probabilistic inference exploits symmetries in probabilistic graphical models to allow for tractable probabilistic inference with respect to domain sizes. To exploit symmetries in, e.g., factor graphs, it is crucial to identify commutative factors, i.e., factors having symmetries within themselves due to their arguments being exchangeable. The current state of the art to check whether a factor is commutative with respect to a subset of its arguments iterates over all possible subsets of the factor’s arguments, i.e., O(2n) iterations for a factor with n arguments in the worst case. In this paper, we efficiently solve the problem of detecting commutative factors in a factor graph. In particular, we introduce the detection of commutative factors (DECOR) algorithm, which allows us to drastically reduce the computational effort for checking whether a factor is commutative in practice. We prove that DECOR efficiently identifies restrictions to drastically reduce the number of required iterations and validate the efficiency of DECOR in our empirical evaluation. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Frequency Linear-time Temporal Logic

Frequency Linear-time Temporal Logic

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Theoretical Aspects of software engineering (TASE)

作者： Benedikt Bollig Normann Decker Martin Leucker LSV ENS Cachan CNRS-INRIA Cachan France Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität zu Lübeck Lubeck Germany

We propose fLTL, an extension to linear-time temporal logic (LTL) that allows for expressing relative frequencies by a generalization of temporal operators. This facilitates the specification of requirements such as the deadlines in a realtime system must be met in at least 95% of all cases. For our novel logic, we establish an undecidability result regarding the satisfiability problem but identify a decidable fragment which strictly increases the expressiveness of LTL by allowing, e.g., to express non-context-free properties.

关键词： Radiation detectors Semantics Encoding Syntactics Standards Availability software engineering

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Predicting the Performance of ATL Model Transformations (extended abstract)

Predicting the Performance of ATL Model Transformations (ext...

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2024 software engineering, SE 2024

作者： Groner, Raffaela Bellmann, Peter Höppner, Stefan Thiam, Patrick Schwenker, Friedhelm Tichy, Matthias Ulm University Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring UlmD-89069 Germany Ulm University Institute of Medical Systems Biology Albert-Einstein-Allee UlmD-89081 Germany Ulm University Institute of Medical Systems Biology Institute of Neural Information Processing Albert-Einstein-Allee UlmD-89081 Germany Ulm University Institute of Neural Information Processing James-Franck-Ring UlmD-89069 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797371

Model transformations are used in different areas of computer science. They are often used during the development of software but also at runtime, e.g., to update a digital twin. However, users of these languages still suffer from very limited tool support, especially in the context of performance engineering techniques, users are left to their own devices. In particular, performance prediction approaches for model transformations are unknown until now. To tackle this issue, we performed several experiments in which we used three different machine learning approaches to predict the performance of five transformations written in the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL) based on different characterizations of input models. In our experiments, we trained a random forest, a linear regression, and a support vector regression model with a radial basis functional kernel using real-world models. The results of our experiments show that we can achieve a mean absolute percentage error between 2.07% and 10.63% using support vector regression and a straightforward model characterization consisting of the number of model elements, the number of references, and the number of attributes. We also show a weakness of our approach which fails to predict the performance of transforming attributes with an arbitrary size, like string attributes. More details about our experiments can be found in our corresponding publication, which was accepted by the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance engineering (ICPE) [Gr23]. © 2024 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Prediction models

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FLEXIBLE CORRECT-BY-CONSTRUCTION programming

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Runge, Tobias Bordis, Tabea Potanin, Alex Thüm, Thomas Schaefer, Ina Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics TU Braunschweig Germany School for Data-Science and Computational Thinking Stellenbosch University South Africa School of Computing Australian National University Australia Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Ulm Germany

Correctness-by-Construction (CbC) is an incremental program construction process to construct functionally correct programs. The programs are constructed stepwise along with a specification that is inherently guaranteed to be satisfied. CbC is complex to use without specialized tool support, since it needs a set of predefined refinement rules of fixed granularity which are additional rules on top of the programming language. Each refinement rule introduces a specific programming statement and developers cannot depart from these rules to construct programs. CbC allows to develop software in a structured and incremental way to ensure correctness, but the limited flexibility is a disadvantage of CbC. In this work, we compare classic CbC with CbC-Block and TraitCbC. Both approaches CbC-Block and TraitCbC, are related to CbC, but they have new language constructs that enable a more flexible software construction approach. We provide for both approaches a programming guideline, which similar to CbC, leads to well-structured programs. CbC-Block extends CbC by adding a refinement rule to insert any block of statements. Therefore, we introduce CbC-Block as an extension of CbC. TraitCbC implements correctness-by-construction on the basis of traits with specified methods. We formally introduce TraitCbC and prove soundness of the construction strategy. All three development approaches are qualitatively compared regarding their programming constructs, tool support, and usability to assess which is best suited for certain tasks and developers. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Formal verification

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Three-valued asynchronous distributed runtime verification

Three-valued asynchronous distributed runtime verification

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ACM and IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design (MEMOCODE)

作者： Torben Scheffel Malte Schmitz Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität zu Lübeck Germany Graduate School for Computing in Medicine and Life Sciences Universität zu Lübeck Germany

This paper studies runtime verification of distributed asynchronous systems and presents a monitor generation procedure for this purpose, which allows three-valued monitoring. The properties used in the monitors are specified in a logic that was newly created for this purpose and is called Distributed Temporal Logic (DTL). DTL combines the three-valued Linear Temporal Logic (LTL 3 ) with the past-time Distributed Temporal Logic (ptDTL), which allows to mark subformulas for remote evaluation. The monitor generation presented in this paper is based on an adopted version of the LTL 3 monitor generation, which integrates the ptDTL monitor construction. The aim of this new procedure is to increase the amount of monitorable properties compared to the properties monitorable with ptDTL. Runtime verification using this new monitoring has been implemented on LEGO Mindstorms NXT robots communicating via Bluetooth.

关键词： Monitoring Vectors Semantics Safety Biomedical monitoring Runtime Robots

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A Model-Based Approach to Automotive Feature Development for Updates and Upgrades

A Model-Based Approach to Automotive Feature Development for...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented System engineering (SOSE)

作者： Marc Schindewolf Jan Willem Wittler Thomas Kühn Daniel Grimm Eric Sax Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Dependability of Software-intensive Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Software Engineering and Programming Languages Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle-Wittenberg Germany

The automotive industry faces challenges due to the increasing demand for customization and individualization by consumers. With a wide range of equipment levels and feature options, it has become impossible to test all possible configurations for a single vehicle during development and especially for vehicles already in service. As a basis for solving these challenges, integrated approaches for the development of upgradeable vehicles are required. In this context, future upgrade options should be considered and planned already in the design stage to enable sustainable business models for next vehicle generations. This paper proposes a refined variability model that combines two existing approaches to address the challenges faced by the industry. The same model can perform buildability or upgradeability checks and dynamic allocation optimization. The model is evaluated qualitatively by three exemplary use cases.

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