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Morpheus: A degradation framework for resilient IoT systems 9

Morpheus: A degradation framework for resilient IoT systems

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STAF 2021 Workshop: 9th International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations, Joint Workshop on Foundations and Practice of Visual Modeling and Data for Model-Driven engineering, International Workshop on MDE for Smart IoT Systems, 4th International Workshop on (Meta) Modeling for Healthcare Systems, and 20th International Workshop on OCL and Textual Modeling, STAF-WS 2021

作者： Heß, Alexander Hauck, Franz J. Mödinger, David Pietron, Jakob Tichy, Matthias Domaschka, Jörg Institute of Distributed Systems Ulm University Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany Institute of Information Resource Management Ulm University Germany

Graceful degradation is an established concept to improve the resilience of systems, especially when other resilience mechanisms have failed. Its implementation is often heavily tied to the application code and, thus, cumbersome and error prone. As IoT systems get not only ubiquitous but also critical, reliable graceful degradation would be ideal. In this paper, we present the Morpheus framework that provides a TypeScript-internal DSL to enable a systematic development of degradable IoT systems. The design of the framework is based on the concept of separation of concerns by providing distinct yet linked languages to specify hierarchical components and their connections;the components’ operating modes and transfer functions between them;as well as state machines for the specification of the components’ behaviour in each operating mode. The operating modes for each component serve as degradation levels. Automatic degradation of a component is triggered in case of failures of connected components. With recovery from underlying failures, the component is automatically upgraded back to a higher level. We illustrate our framework using a simplified prototype of an entrance barrier of a parking garage. © 2021 Copyright (c) 2021 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

关键词： Internet of things

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Predicting the Performance of ATL Model Transformations 23

Predicting the Performance of ATL Model Transformations

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14th Annual ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance engineering, ICPE 2023

作者： Groner, Raffaela Bellmann, Peter Höppner, Stefan Thiam, Patrick Schwenker, Friedhelm Tichy, Matthias Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm Germany Institute of Neural Information Processing Ulm University Ulm Germany Institute of Medical Systems Biology Ulm University Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400700682

Model transformation languages are special-purpose languages, which are designed to define transformations as comfortably as possible, i.e., often in a declarative way. Typically, developers create their transformations based on small input models which systematically cover the language of the input models. This makes it difficult for the developers to estimate how the transformations would perform for a large and diverse set of input models. Hence, developers would benefit from an approach for predicting the performance of model transformations based on just abstract characteristics of input models. Regression approaches based on machine learning lend themselves well to such predictions. However, it is currently unknown, whether and which regression approach is suitable in this context as well as how a model should be abstractly characterized for this purpose. We conducted several experiments to analyze how well different machine learning methods predict the execution time of model transformations defined in the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL) transformations for distinct sets of model characteristics. As possible methods, we have investigated linear regression, random forests and support vector regression using a radial basis function kernel. The results of our experiments show that support vector regression is the best choice in terms of usability and prediction accuracy for the model transformation modules covered in our experiments and is thus suited for a prediction approach. In addition, simple model characterizations based only on the number of model elements, the number of references, and the number of attributes are a suitable way to easily describe a model and to achieve decent prediction accuracy. © 2023 Owner/Author.

关键词： Forecasting

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Optimistic Versioning for Conflict-tolerant Collaborative Blended Modeling 10

Optimistic Versioning for Conflict-tolerant Collaborative Bl...

引用

STAF 2022 Workshop: 10th International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations, BX 2022, 2nd International Workshop on Foundations and Practice of Visual Modeling, FPVM 2022 and 2nd International Workshop on MDE for Smart IoT Systems, MeSS 2022

作者： Exelmans, Joeri Pietron, Jakob Raschke, Alexander Vangheluwe, Hans Tichy, Matthias Department of Computer Science University of Antwerp - Flanders Make Antwerp Belgium Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Ulm Germany

Optimistic versioning is a key component in supporting collaborative workflows. Text-based versioning has been widely adopted for versioning code, but in model-driven engineering, dealing with visual concrete syntaxes, new methods are required. In the case of blended modeling, a mixture of both textual and visual syntaxes, concurrently editable and synchronizable, introduces additional challenges. We propose a type of operation-based versioning to record not only user edits, but also bi-directional change propagations between concrete and abstract syntax. This way we can support blended modeling with layout continuity, and flexible handling of missing information (e. g., layout information) when rendering changes from abstract to concrete syntax. In addition, the proposed versioning approach enables collaborative conflict resolution by allowing partial conflict resolution, thus deferring a final resolution. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Abstracting

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Efficient profile routing for electric vehicles

Efficient profile routing for electric vehicles

引用

1st International Conference on Internet of Vehicles, IOV 2014

作者： Schönfelder, René Leucker, Martin Walther, Sebastian Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319111667

This paper introduces a powerful, efficient and generic framework for optimal routing of electric vehicles in the setting of flexible edge cost functions and arbitrary initial states. More precisely, the introduced state-based routing problem is a consolidated model covering energy-efficiency and time-dependency. Given two vertices and an initial state the routing problem is to find optimal paths yielding minimal final states, while the profile routing problem is to find optimal paths for all initial states. A universal method for applying shortest path techniques to profile routing is developed. To show the genericity and efficiency of this approach it is instantiated for two typical shortest path algorithms, namely for A*and Contraction Hierarchies. Especially using the latter, a highly efficient solution for energy-efficient profile routing is obtained. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

关键词： Cost functions

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A Survey on the Relevance of the Performance of Model Transformations

A Survey on the Relevance of the Performance of Model Transf...

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Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs softwaretechnik, software engineering 2022 - Conference of the GI software engineering Section, software engineering 2022

作者： Groner, Raffaela Juhnke, Katharina Höppner, Stefan Tichy, Matthias Becker, Steffen Vijayshree, Vijayshree Frank, Sebastian Ulm University Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring UlmD-89069 Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Software Engineering Universitätsstraße StuttgartD-70569 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797142

When we are confronted with performance issues in a general-purpose language, like Java, it is a given to us that we have various tools and techniques at our disposal to help us. But is such support also needed when using model transformation languages? To address this question, we conducted a quantitative online survey as part of a mixed methods study with 84 respondents to our questionnaire. Our results show that a certain performance is desired but not always achieved. The developers would like to improve the performance, but they lack insights on how a transformation is performed. As a first step to mitigate this issue, we compiled a list of information regarding the models used, the transformations applied and their execution deemed to be helpful by the participants. Additionally, we used hypotheses tests to investigate possible influencing factors that cause participants to try to improve the performance of transformations. The main relevant factors found in our study are the satisfaction with the execution time, the size of the models used, the relevance of whether a certain execution time is not exceeded in the average case, and the knowledge of how a transformation engine executes a transformation. © 2022 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys

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An Exploratory Study on Performance engineering in Model Transformations

An Exploratory Study on Performance Engineering in Model Tra...

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Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs softwaretechnik, software engineering 2021 - Conference of the GI software engineering Section, SE 2021

作者： Groner, Raffaela Beaucamp, Luis Tichy, Matthias Becker, Steffen Ulm University Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages James-Franck-Ring UlmD-89069 Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Software Engineering Universitätsstraße StuttgartD-70569 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797043

Model-Driven software engineering is used to deal with the increasing complexity of software, but this trend also leads to larger and more complex models and model transformations. While improving the performance of transformation engines has been a focus, there does not exist any empirical study on how transformation developers deal with performance issues. We used a quantitative questionnaire to investigate whether the performance of transformations is actually important for transformation developers. Based on the answers to the questionnaire, we conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews. The results of the online survey show that 43 of 81 participants have already tried to improve the performance of a transformation and 34 participants are sometimes or only rarely satisfied with the execution performance. Based on the answers from our 13 interviews, we identified different strategies to prevent or find performance issues in model transformations as well as different types of causes of performance issues and solutions to resolve them. We compiled a collection of tool features perceived helpful by the interviewees for finding causes. Overall, our results show that performance of transformations is relevant and that there is a lack of support for transformation developers without detailed knowledge of the engine to solve performance issues. This summary refers to our work, which was accepted for the Foundation Track of the ACM/IEEE 23rd International Conference on Model Driven engineering languages and Systems (MODELS) in 2020 [Gr20]. © 2020 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Engines

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Towards debugging the matching of henshin model transformations rules

Towards debugging the matching of henshin model transformati...

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2017 MODELS Satellite Event: Workshops (ModComp, ME, EXE, COMMitMDE, MRT, MULTI, GEMOC, MoDeVVa, MDETools, FlexMDE, MDEbug), Posters, Doctoral Symposium, Educator Symposium, ACM Student Research Competition, and Tools and Demonstrations, MODEL-SSE 2017

作者： Tichy, Matthias Beaucamp, Luis Kögel, Stefan Institute of Software Engineering and Programing Languages Ulm University Germany

Model Driven engineering aims at improving effectiveness and efficiency of software engineering. Model transformations are a key artifact in model driven engineering as they enable transforming models into other artifacts for further processing, e.g. analysis models or executable code. However, particularly graph transformation based model transformation tools often lack detailed debugging capabilities. In this paper, we sketch how to debug the matching step of the execution of Henshin model transformation rules.

关键词： software engineering

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Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Vehicles With an Ai-Controlled Surrounding Vehicle in a Practice-Relevant Context 27

Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Veh...

引用

27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Beringhoff, Felix Greenyer, Joel Roesener, Christian Tichy, Matthias Volkswagen Ag Wolfsburg Germany Fhdw Hannover Hannover30173 Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

Scenario-based testing is seen as a key for the verification and validation of automated vehicles (AV). In a test scenario, the AV is tested under pre-defined traffic conditions. However, realizing those traffic conditions is challenging due to the autonomously behaving AV. The AV decides on its own, whether it gets into the test scenario conditions at all, e.g., by deciding on which lane it wants to drive or at which velocity it is driving. In order to influence the AV's decision making in a required way to realize a test scenario condition, we implement a novel AI method for controlling a surrounding vehicle (SV) of the AV. The AI-controlled SV (AISV) consists of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent which is trained to, e.g., nudge the AV into changing lanes. In contrast to current common practice, this approach does not require the manual tailoring of triggers and actions for controlling the SV. In this paper, we report on a working design of the RL framework and experiments regarding three different training scopes for the RL agent. We distinguish specialized agents which are trained to reach a single scenario condition and two sorts of generalized agents which shall be capable of reaching a set of scenario conditions. The results show that specialized agents perform the best with a success rate of up to 100 %. However, the generalized agents perform better in realizing scenario conditions which are not known to the agent from training. We also report on an implementation of the approach in a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HIL) test bench used in industrial practice and discuss a first try-out. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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TeSSLa: Temporal stream-based specification language 1

引用

21st Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods, SBMF 2018

作者： Convent, Lukas Hungerecker, Sebastian Leucker, Martin Scheffel, Torben Schmitz, Malte Thoma, Daniel Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783030030445

ISBN: (纸本)9783030030438

Runtime verification is concerned with monitoring program traces. In particular, stream runtime verification (SRV) takes the program trace as input streams and incrementally derives output streams. SRV can check logical properties and compute temporal metrics and statistics from the trace. We present TeSSLa, a temporal stream-based specification language for SRV. TeSSLa supports timestamped events natively and is hence suitable for streams that are both sparse and fine-grained, which often occur in practice. We prove results on TeSSLa’s expressiveness and compare different TeSSLa fragments to (timed) automata, thereby inheriting various decidability results. Finally, we present a monitor implementation and prove its correctness. © The Author(s) 2018.

关键词： Specifications

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Challenges and research directions for successfully applying MBE tools in practice

Challenges and research directions for successfully applying...

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作者： Bordeleau, Francis Liebel, Grischa Raschke, Alexander Stieglbauer, Gerald Tichy, Matthias CMind Inc. Canada Software Engineering Division Chalmers University of Gothenburg Sweden Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany AVL List Gmbh Graz Austria

Model Based engineering aims to improve efficiency and effectiveness of software engineering. Success in industrial practice of MBE does not only depend on the modeling languages and constructive or analytical approaches, like code generation or model checking. It is also heavily influenced by the quality and, particularly, usability of the selected tools. In this position paper, we discuss challenges experienced in applying MBE in practice both from academic as well as industrial viewpoints. Based on the research challenges, we discuss future research directions to improve the chances for the success of MBE in industrial practice.

关键词： Modeling languages

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