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Introduction to the Special Issue on Intelligent Models for Security and Resilience in Cyber Physical systems

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第4期131卷 23-26页

作者： Qi Liu Xiaodong Liu Radu Grosu Ching-Nung Yang School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computing Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburgh018373UK Institute of Computer Engineering Vienna University of TechnologyWien1040Austria Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Dong Hwa UniversityHualien97401Taiwan

Cyber Physical systems(CPS)have been appealing in recent years as a result of the rapid emergence of unique hardware and software compositions that create smart,autonomously behaving ***-to-end procedures and new types of user-machine interaction are made possible via the *** the one hand,these CPS applications have the potential to deliver crucial services in a variety of developing application areas,including energy management,healthcare,traffic monitoring,industrial assessment and surveillance.

关键词： CPS hardware services

Improved Detection and Interpretation of Multilingual Signboards in Natural Scene for Visually Impaired People

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Improved Detection and Interpretation of Multilingual Signbo...

International Conference on Data and software Engineering (ICODSE)

作者： Qamar Zaman Shah Khusro A Min Tjoa Department of Computer Science University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan Institute of Information Systems Engineering Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

Visually impaired individuals face numerous challenges in localization, navigation, reading content, and communicating with others. Unlike sighted individuals who rely on vision in the physical environment to reach their destinations, visually impaired individuals require assistive technologies and smartphone-based applications that employ computer vision to overcome the issues of obstacle detection, read signboards, and navigate in natural scenes. Signboards with text information serve as crucial indicators for navigation and recognition in daily life. However, detecting and interpreting signboard text in natural scenes poses difficulties for visually impaired individuals. Researchers have made efforts to address issues such as text detection on signboards, reducing blurriness, removing backgrounds, improving lighting conditions, and enhancing accuracy and response time of recognition. The primary challenges lie in the detection and interpretation of multilingual and diverse content on signboards in real-time. The proposed system presents a methodology for real-time detection and interpretation of diverse content on signboards, including text in English and Urdu along with phone numbers, for visually impaired individuals. An Android-based application is developed to improve text detection and recognition methods for multilingual texts, providing vital navigation information to visually impaired individuals in real-time. The methodology and application are evaluated, and the results demonstrate promising outcomes.

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ML-based Fault Tree Analysis of Industrial Router Reliability in the System IIoT

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ML-based Fault Tree Analysis of Industrial Router Reliabilit...

International Conference on Applied Mathematics & Computer Science (ICAMCS)

作者： Maryna Kolisnyk Axel Jantsch Department of computer systems networks and cybersecurity of National aerospace university ”KhAI” Kharkiv Ukraine Institute of computer technologies of Vienna University of Technology ”TU Wien” Vienna Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350363807

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363814

For today's complex and expensive systems, such as an industrial router in an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network, it is important to ensure high operational reliability. The router is a complex system consisting of many subsystems, and an important task is to identify possible failures and faults of its subsystems in order to prevent them in time, or to parry and eliminate them. One of the methods of system reliability assessment is the method of cutting, which includes fault tree analysis (FTA). FTA allows, using the obtained and analysed statistical data, to build a fault tree with a given level of detail, and to determine the probabilities of failures of one or another subsystem. In this paper a detailed tree of failures and failures of hardware (HW), software (SW), and hardware-software (HW-SW) of the industrial router of the IIoT system is developed. The tree is built with the use of program code, using ensemble supervised ML algorithms in Python. The obtained graphical dependencies and obtained probabilities of failures of router's subsystems as a part of quantitative analysis, allowed us to determine for the given initial data the most exposed to the risk of failure of the subsystem of the industrial router in the system IIoT.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Statistical analysis software algorithms Production Probability software System analysis and design Industrial Internet of Things Fault trees Python

Federated Learning Solution Blueprints for Use Cases Surveyed in Austrian Industries

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Federated Learning Solution Blueprints for Use Cases Surveye...

IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, CEC

作者： Thomas Blumauer-Hiessl Angela Fessl Gert Breitfuss Daniel Schall Stefan Schulte TU Wien and Siemens Technology Vienna Austria Know-Center GmbH Graz University of Technology Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz Austria Know-Center GmbH Graz Austria Siemens Technology Vienna Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Blockchain Technologies for the Internet of Things Institute for Data Engineering TU Hamburg Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331529093

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529109

Federated Learning (FL) holds immense potential for transforming the industrial landscape by leveraging distributed data to solve Artificial Intelligence (AI) use cases with collectively trained models in a privacy-preserving way. In this regard, Industrial FL (IFL) arose as a collaborative approach for training AI models between multiple industry partners and devices without the need to share the actual training data. However, despite its promising prospects, the transition and successful implementation of FL in practice is currently lagging behind, posing challenges for industrial companies. To address this, it is of crucial relevance to analyze different business types and involved stakeholders to be able to design FL-based solutions tailored to the industries needs. This paper presents the results of 13 semi-structured interviews conducted in Austrian industries, involving 11 companies from different domains. We identify AI applications, pain points, and attitudes towards AI and FL. Based on the interviews, three industry personas are derived, namely, service business, production optimization, and complex product and project business. To address the needs of these personas, three collaborative FL solution blueprints are proposed. The blueprints include system architectures, implementation steps, and collaboration modes for the involved parties. The blueprints are discussed based on dimensions such as FL paradigm, collaboration mode, key benefits, main addressed needs, and challenges.

关键词： Industries Pain Collaboration systems architecture Production Companies Artificial intelligence Interviews Optimization Business

Development of a Test Automation Framework based on a Comparison of different Approaches for Test Automation in the Embedded systems Area

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Development of a Test Automation Framework based on a Compar...

Industrial Cyber-Physical systems (ICPS)

作者： Stefan Arthofer Stefan Wilker Thilo Sauter TU Wien / Siemens AGÖsterreich Vienna Austria Institute of Computer Technology TU Wien Vienna Austria Dep. for Integrated Sensor Systems Institute of Computer Technology TU Wien University for Continuing Education Krems

ISBN: (数字)9798350363012

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363029

Embedded systems have become an integral part of our everyday lives. Devices are increasingly connected, especially in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. The interfaces between the devices require high-quality software and hardware to ensure reliable communication between them. This vital interconnection also leads to systems becoming increasingly complex, and therefore, the complexity of the tests increases. Therefore, such tests can usually only be done by means of automation, as manual testing is very time-consuming and cost-intensive. A System Under Test (SUT) has different requirements depending on the application area and the functionality, which is why different test automation approaches exist. This work reviews possible approaches for test automation of embedded devices and compares them with each other based on different criteria. Based on this comparison and in cooperation with Siemens Smart Infrastructure EA, a test automation system called Kubrotest was designed. To verify the test automation in a real usecase, Kubrotest is used to test a Siemens SICAM 8 series device.

关键词： Automation Embedded systems Reviews Manuals Cyber-physical systems software Hardware

The dynamics of diversity on corporate boards

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Raddant, Matthias Karimi, Fariba Graz University of Technology Institute of Software Technology Inffeldgasse 16b/II Graz8010 Austria University for Continuing Education Krems Department for Knowledge and Communication Management Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30 Krems3500 Austria Graz University of Technology Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Sandgasse 36/III Graz8010 Austria Complexity Science Hub Vienna Josefstädter Straße 39 Vienna1080 Austria

Diversity in leadership positions, including corporate boards, is an important aspect of equality. It is important because it is the key to better decision-making and innovation, and above all, it paves the way for future generations to participate and shape our society. Many studies emphasize the importance of the visibility of role models and the effect that connectivity has on the success of minorities in leadership. However, the connectivity of firms, the dynamics of the adoption of minorities into leadership positions, and the long-term effects in terms of group dynamics and visibility are not well understood. Here, we present a model that shows how these effects work together in a dynamic model that is calibrated with empirical data of firm and board networks. We show that homophily - the appointment of minorities is influenced by the presence of minorities in a board and its neighboring entities - is an important effect shaping the trajectory towards equality. We further show how perception biases and feedback related to the visibility of minority members influence the dynamic. We find that reaching equality can be sped up or slowed down depending on the distribution of minorities in central firms. These insights bear significant implications for policy-making geared towards fostering equality and diversity within corporate boards. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

Intersectional inequalities in social networks

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Martin-Gutierrez, Samuel Cartier van Dissel, Mauritz N. Karimi, Fariba Network Inequality Group Complexity Science Hub Josefstaedter Str. 39 Vienna1080 Austria Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Sandgasse 36 Graz8010 Austria

Social networks are shaped by complex, intersecting identities that drive our connection preferences. These preferences weave networks where certain groups hold privileged positions, while others become marginalized. While previous research has examined the impact of single-dimensional identities on inequalities of social capital, social disparities accumulate nonlinearly, further harming individuals at the intersection of multiple disadvantaged groups. However, how multidimensional connection preferences affect network dynamics and in what forms they amplify or attenuate inequalities remains unclear. In this work, we systematically analyze the impact of multidimensionality on social capital inequalities through the lens of intersectionality. To this end, we operationalize several notions of intersectional inequality in networks. Using a network model, we reveal how attribute correlation (or consolidation) combined with biased multidimensional preferences lead to the emergence of counterintuitive patterns of inequality that are unobservable in one-dimensional systems. We calibrate the model with real-world high school friendship data and derive analytical closed-form expressions for the predicted inequalities, finding that the model’s predictions match the observed data with remarkable accuracy. These findings hold significant implications for addressing social disparities and inform strategies for creating more equitable networks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Social networking (online)

The hidden architecture of connections: How do multidimensional identities shape our social networks?

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arXiv 2024年

Our multidimensional identities determine how we interact with each other, shaping social networks through group-based connection preferences. While interactions along single dimensions have been extensively studied, the dynamics driving multidimensional connection preferences remain largely unexplored. In this work, we develop a network model of multidimensional social interactions to tackle two crucial questions: What is the structure of our latent connection preferences, and how do we integrate information from our multidimensional identities to connect with others? To answer these questions, we systematically model different latent preference structures and preference aggregation mechanisms. Then, we compare them using Bayesian model selection by fitting empirical data from high school friendship networks. We find that a simple latent preference model consistently outperforms more complex alternatives. The calibrated model provides robust measures of latent connection preferences in real-world networks, bringing insights into how one- and multidimensional groups interact. Finally, we develop natural operationalizations of dimension salience, revealing which aspects of identity are most relevant for individuals when forming connections. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

Efficient periodic density functional theory calculations of charged molecules and surfaces using Coulomb kernel truncation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Vijay, Sudarshan Schlipf, Martin Miranda, Henrique Karsai, Ferenc Kaltak, Merzuk Marsman, Martijn Kresse, Georg VASP Software GmbH Berggasse 21 Vienna1090 Austria Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Maharashtra Mumbai400076 India Faculty of Physics Center for Computational Materials Science University of Vienna Kolingasse 14-16 ViennaA-1090 Austria

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of charged molecules and surfaces are critical to applications in electro-catalysis, energy materials and related fields of materials science. DFT implementations such as the vienna ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) compute the electrostatic potential under 3D periodic boundary conditions, necessitating charge neutrality. In this work, we implement 0D and 2D periodic boundary conditions to facilitate DFT calculations of charged molecules and surfaces respectively. We implement these boundary conditions using the Coulomb kernel truncation method. Our implementation computes the potential under 0D and 2D boundary conditions by selectively subtracting unwanted long-range interactions in the potential computed under 3D boundary conditions. By combining the Coulomb kernel truncation method with a computationally efficient padding approach, we remove nonphysical potentials from vacuum in 0D and 2D systems. To illustrate the computational efficiency of our method, we perform large supercell calculations of the formation energy of a charged chlorine defect on a sodium chloride (001) surface and perform long time-scale molecular dynamics simulations on a stepped gold (211) water electrode-electrolyte interface. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Coulomb interactions