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Pathological axonal enlargement in connection with amyloidosis,lysosome destabilization,and bleeding is a major defect in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2026年第2期21卷 790-799页

作者： Hualin Fu Jilong Li Chunlei Zhang Guo Gao Qiqi Ge Xinping Guan Daxiang Cui Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering School of Sensing Science and EngineeringSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Marine Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina National Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina

Alzheimer’s disease is a multi-amyloidosis disease characterized by amyloid-βdeposits in brain blood vessels,microaneurysms,and senile *** amyloid-βdeposition affects axon pathology has not been examined *** used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining to analyze the forebrain tissue slices of Alzheimer’s disease *** axonal amyloidosis with distinctive axonal enlargement was observed in patients with Alzheimer’s *** average,amyloid-β-positive axon diameters in Alzheimer’s disease brains were 1.72 times those of control brain ***,axonal amyloidosis was associated with microtubule-associated protein 2 reduction,tau phosphorylation,lysosome destabilization,and several blood-related markers,such as apolipoprotein E,alpha-hemoglobin,glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C,and *** destabilization in Alzheimer’s disease was also clearly identified in the neuronal soma,where it was associated with the co-expression of amyloid-β,Cathepsin D,alpha-hemoglobin,actin alpha 2,and collagen type *** suggests that exogenous hemorrhagic protein intake influences neural lysosome ***,the data showed that amyloid-β-containing lysosomes were 2.23 times larger than control ***,under rare conditions,axonal breakages were observed,which likely resulted in Wallerian *** summary,axonal enlargement associated with amyloidosis,micro-bleeding,and lysosome destabilization is a major defect in patients with Alzheimer’s *** finding suggests that,in addition to the well-documented neural soma and synaptic damage,axonal damage is a key component of neuronal defects in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β amyloidosis axonal enlargement hemoglobin hemorrhage lysosome destabilization neuropil thread tau Wallerian degeneration

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Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks against Extended Kalman Filter Detection in Power Grids

Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks against Extended Kalma...

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2021 International Conference on Information, Cybernetics, and Computational Social systems, ICCSS 2021

作者： Liu, Yifa Xue, Wenchao He, Shuping Cheng, Long Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Beijing100190 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of System and Control Academy of Mathematics and System Science Beijing100190 China Anhui University School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei230601 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402453

The power grid is a kind of national critical infrastructure directly affiliated to human daily life. Because of the vital functions and potentially significant losses, the power grid becomes an excellent target for many malicious attacks. Due to the special nonlinear measurements, many detection methods do not match the grid very well. The extended Kalman filter based detection is one of the few methods suitable for nonlinear system detection, and therefore can be used in power system to spot malicious attacks. However, the reliability and effectiveness of the extended Kalman filter based detection have not been fully studied and adequately guaranteed. By proposing a two-step false data injection attack strategy, this paper gives a stealthy way to inject false data of increasing magnitude into the power grid, which can eventually cause a certain degree of deviation of the grid state without being detected. In the simulation, the method proposed in this paper caused a voltage deviation of more than 25% before being discovered in the power system. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Extended Kalman filters

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A Two-Stage Robust Scheduling Strategy for Multi-Energy Microgrid Considering Multiple Uncertainties

A Two-Stage Robust Scheduling Strategy for Multi-Energy Micr...

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Power Energy systems and Applications (ICoPESA), International Conference on

作者： Sen Zhang Weihao Hu Xilin Cao Yincheng Zhao Rundong Liu Haojie Ma Wei Zhan Mingxuan Li Sichuan Provincial Key Lab of Power System Wide Area Measurement and Control School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China SPIC Southwest Energy Research Institute Chengdu China

ISBN: (数字)9798350351668

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351675

To achieve the economic operation of a multi-energy micro grid under multiple uncertain environments, this study introduces a novel two-stage robust scheduling approach, encompassing both day-ahead planning and real-time adjustments. First, the multi-energy micro grid day-ahead economic dispatch model is constructed based on the prediction scenarios, and integrated demand response is considered to increase the flexibility of the system. Afterwards, the strategy is adjusted in the real-time phase, considering the uncertainty of energy production and consumption. The Column-and-Constraint Generation algorithm is employed to resolve the above two-stage issues effectively, and the optimal economic operation strategy of the MEMG is obtained. Finally, a case study demonstrates the economy and robustness of the proposed methodology.

关键词： Uncertainty Costs Energy resolution Production Microgrids Predictive models Prediction algorithms Real-time systems Robustness Planning

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Multi-Objective Design Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Field Emission Electric Propulsion for Cubesat Platforms

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yeo, Suk Hyun Dinaol, Gadisa Ogawa, Hideaki Bang, Hyo-Choong Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Department of Aerospace Engineering The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST 291 Daejoen34141 Korea Republic of Space Systems Engineering Japan Aerospace System and Control Lab Korea Republic of

Field-emission electric propulsion is an electrostatic space electric propulsion technology that offers various advantageous features including efficient design, high specific impulse, and versatile thrust capabilities ranging from micro-Newton to milli-Newton levels. These characteristics make FEEP a promising technology for small satellite platforms, enabling precise attitude control, orbit maintenance, and de-orbiting through ionization and acceleration of a liquid metal propellant. The growing demand for small propulsion systems in CubeSat platforms has spurred significant progress in modeling and characterizing FEEP thrusters with the aim to enhance their overall performance. However, little study has been conducted to investigate the effect of geometric configurations on electric fields or expelled ion trajectories for design optimization. In this study, multi-objective design optimization is performed by incorporating electrostatic simulation coupled with an analytical performance model into evolutionary algorithms based on prediction from surrogate modeling, aiming to optimize the thruster emission design to maximize thruster performance. Physical insights into the key design factors influencing the performance of FEEP have been gained by probing into the interaction between ion particles and electric field behavior within the thruster. It has been found that the length of the emitter tip has a significant effect on plume divergence, \textit{i.e.,} a longer emitter tip under the influence of electric field at higher emitter current tends to result in lower initial acceleration of emitted ions and subsequently wider spread or divergence of the ion beam. A shorter emitter tip, on the other hand, generates a sharper E-field gradient, resulting in a more focused and narrower ion beam. Additionally, sensitivity analysis has identified the mass flow rate and potential distributions as the most influential design factors on performance due to the active roles they

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Topology Optimization for Wing Structure of Hypersonic Vehicle 32

Topology Optimization for Wing Structure of Hypersonic Vehic...

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32nd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical sciences, ICAS 2021

作者： Zhang, Shanshan Wan, Zhiqiang Wang, Xiaozhe Liu, Yunzhen School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100083 China Institute of Unmanned System Beihang University China China North Ind Grp Corp Nav and Control Technol Inst China

ISBN: (纸本)9783932182914

Hypersonic vehicle has the characteristics of fast speed, long range, flexible mobility and rapid response, which can meet the needs of high-tech war and rapid transportation for military and civil use in the future. It has important strategic significance and high application value. Therefore, hypersonic vehicle technology is closely related to national security as a new frontier technology in the field of aerospace. Hypersonic vehicle represents the future direction of aerospace technology development, and is one of the focuses of aeronautics and astronautics research. An aerodynamic-thermo-structure coupling mechanism is proposed to achieve the integrated optimization of hypersonic wing surface in this paper. The results show that the structure is more favorable to heat load transfer after optimization. The results show that the proportion of thermal deformation in the total deformation decreases after the optimization design, which makes the structure form more favorable for heat load transfer. © 2021 32nd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical sciences, ICAS 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shape optimization

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Muscle-Synergy-Based Planning and Neural-Adaptive control for a Prosthetic Arm

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2021年第5期2卷 424-436页

作者： Li, Guoxin Li, Zhijun Li, Junjun Liu, Yueyue Qiao, Hong The Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei230026 China The School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou511442 China The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100190 China The School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of Neuroscience Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai200031 China

Upper limb loss has significant effects on the individual's quality of life. Artificial prosthetic limbs as an alternative to the lost limb are designed to allow amputees to regain motor function. Motion classification via extracted surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals is widely utilized to realize a friendly human-robot interface in the control of the prosthesis. However, limited classification of discrete motion patterns from sEMG prevents intuitive motor control. Thus, instead of using discrete patterns, decoding the human intention continuously from sEMG would significantly benefit the prosthesis control. In this article, we propose a muscle-synergy-based intention decoding and motion planning that can model a broad set of complex upper limb movements as a combination of motor primitives. A novel muscle activation-to-force mapping model is developed to detect muscular effort of the healthy side to drive the affected side. A neural-network-approximation-based controller is developed for the bionic neuroprosthetic arm to execute the movement. Operational experiments with prosthetic movement control were performed on four healthy participants and an upper limb amputee participant. Results of controlling prosthetic arm (0.94 ± 0.02 of R2 in the horizontal reaching tasks and 0.95 ± 0.01 in the vertical reaching tasks for the healthy subjects, 0.95 and 0.97 for the amputee) demonstrate that our control method could successfully capture human movement intention and effectively control the movement of prosthesis. Impact Statement-Powered robotic prostheses have enabled individuals with limb amputations to regain motor function via motion intention decoding from extracting surface electromyogram signals. Most research works have provided human-robot interaction through motion classification obtained from pattern recognition using surface electromyogram signals and simple movement control. However, decoding the human intent continuously from surface electromyogram is con

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Molecular mechanisms of iron nanominerals formation in fungal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) layers during fungus-mineral interactions

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Chemosphere 2024年 367卷 143660页

作者： Xiao, Jian Chi, ZhiLai Huang, XiaoDan Yu, GuangHui School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China College of Environmental and Biological Engineering Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants Putian University Fujian Putian351100 China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim Bohai Coastal Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which envelop on fungal hyphae surface, interact strongly with minerals and play a crucial role in the formation of nanoscale minerals during biomineralization in nature environments. However, it remains poorly understood about the molecular mechanisms of nanominerals (i.e., iron nanominerals) formation in fungal EPS halos during fungus-mineral interactions. This process is vital because fungi typically grow attached to various mineral surfaces in nature. According to the changes of thickness of the fungal cell and EPS layers during the Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU 4742 and hematite cultivation experiments, we found that fungal biomineralization could trigger the formation of EPS layers. Fe-dominated nanominerals, aromatic C (283-286.1 eV), alkyl C (287.6-288.3 eV), and carboxylic C (288.4-289.1 eV) were the dominant chemical groups on the EPS layers, as determined by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and carbon 1s near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Further, evidence from Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra indicated that oxygen vacancy (OV) was formed on the Fe-dominated nanomineral surface during fungus-mineral interactions, which played an important role in catalyzing H2O2 decomposition and HO∗ production. Taken together, the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity by reactive oxygen species (ROS) could modulate the Fe-dominated nanominerals formation in EPS layers to newly form a physical barrier between the cell and the external environments around hyphae, providing novel insights into the effects of ROS-mediated fungal-mineral interactions on fungal nutrient recycling, attenuation of contaminants, and biological control in nature environments. © 2024

关键词： Hematite

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Theory and Experiment on Distributed Output Formation Tracking of Unmanned Aerial and Ground Vehicle Swarm systems Over Jointly Connected Digraphs

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Shu, Peixuan Wang, Changhai Hua, Yongzhao Dong, Xiwang Liu, Yumeng Ren, Zhang School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory Beihang University Beijing100191 China Shenyuan Honors College Beihang University Beijing100191 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Beihang University Beijing100191 China Institute of Unmanned System Beihang University Beijing100191 China Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

This paper studies the distributed output formation tracking control problem of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) swarm systems, where the UAV swarm cooperatively tracks the output trajectory of the UGV in a formation under directed jointly connected communication networks. A three-layer formation tracking protocol is proposed. Firstly, a novel distributed observer using neighbor interactions is designed for each UAV to estimate the states of the UGV with parameterized inputs over periodic jointly connected digraphs. Next, based on the observation result and output regulation theory, a virtual reference system that tracks the trajectory of the UGV in the desired formation is constructed to generate reference states for each UAV. Then based on the differential flatness of UAVs, a geometric controller is utilized for UAVs to track the reference states and form the formation. An algorithm to determine the gain matrices of the protocol is also presented while the convergence of the system is analyzed. Finally, an experiment platform with three quadrotor UAVs and one UGV is built. The effectiveness of the proposed protocol is validated both by the simulation and experiment. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ground vehicles

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Investigation of Axial-Flux Limited-Angle Torque Motor with Tooth-Tip Structure for Torque Performance Improvement

Investigation of Axial-Flux Limited-Angle Torque Motor with ...

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International Conference on Electrical Machines and systems (ICEMS)

作者： You Zhou Guanghui Yang Yaojie He Xiaoyi Lei Dawei Li Lihao Huang Christopher H.T. Lee School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong Univeristy of Science and Technology Wuhan China The Aero Engine Control System Institute of AECC Wuxi China

Limited angle torque motors (LATMs) offer widespread application in positioning first-stage valves within electrohydraulic servo systems, where system compactness and torque quality are of paramount importance. In comparison to their radial-flux (RF) counterparts, the Axial-Flux LATM (AFLATM) offers distinct advantages in these key aspects. This study focuses on the design and performance investigation of a 4-pole-4-slot double-stator AF-LATM. Initially, a superior topology with a tooth-tip structure is selected based on an in-depth analysis of the operation principle. Subsequently, through a comprehensive investigation, this paper reveals the relationship between the key torque performance and the main geometric parameters. Finally, the electromagnetic performances of the optimized proposed AF-LATM with a tooth-tip structure is evaluated. The results demonstrate the proposed motor can offer a 50% wider compact torque range and 31% higher torque density as compared to a conventional RF-LATM, validating the superiority of the proposed AFLATM for electrohydraulic servo applications.

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Multiplexed model predictive attitude control for nadir-pointing satellite using only magnetorquers

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control engineering Practice 2025年 162卷

作者： Yang, Sen Ling, Keck Voon Wang, Zhenhua Li, Huiping School of Astronautic Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore National Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Agent Cooperation Harbin150001 China School of Marine Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China

Due to the low failure risk of magnetorquers, the control strategy based on magnetic actuators can significantly enhance the reliability of the satellite attitude control system. In light of this advantage, this paper conducts research on model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for nadir-pointing satellites equipped only with magnetorquers. Firstly, to facilitate controller design, the linear time-varying (LTV) model for nadir-pointing satellites is derived by linearizing the nonlinear equations around the operating point. Then, leveraging this linearized representation, an LTV multiplexed MPC (MMPC) method with exponential weighting is proposed. The MMPC scheme allows for faster sampling rates and quicker responses to disturbances, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the satellite attitude control system while retaining the benefits of MPC. Finally, compared with a state-of-the-art SMPC method, the proposed method is particularly advantageous in situations where computational resources are limited, specifically for satellites that rely only on onboard computing capabilities. © 2025

关键词： Nonlinear equations

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