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INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS FOR NAVAL SHIP systems

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 214-231页

作者： BRADY, EF DUBOIS, JP Eugene F. Brady:has varied experience in the Marine Nuclear Design and Computer Design Fields. His background includes three years as an Associate Professor of Engineering. (Widener College Chester Pennsylvania). Educated at the U.S. Maritime Academy at Kings Point Dr. Brady served four years in the U.S. Merchant Marine. He later worked in the early design of Naval Nuclear Submarine Power Plants (Bettis Plant) during which time he completed his graduate studies at the University of Pittsburgh. He is presently employed by Ingalls Shipbuilding Division and holds an active U.S. Coast Guard License as a first Assistant Engineering Officer for Steam Ships. While at the Westinghouse Bettis plant he was involved in the Design and Development of the first S5W Nuclear Propulsion Plant. This experience included investigations into the steam blanketing of heat transfer surfaces. This work was related to the phenomenon of “Chemical Hideout.” He is presently engaged in Advanced Technology Investigations for the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Systems Inc. His recent activity has been associated with DDGX Design concepts and in the shipboard application of the RACER system to U.S. Navy surface combatants. Joseph P. DuBois:is Manager of Litton/Ingalls Shipbuilding's Advanced Technology Group. He has a total of 30 years of experience in the shipbuilding industry. His experience includes active duty in the U.S. Navy Bethlehem Steel Company J.J. Henry and Gibbs and Cox in various positions of key responsibility. These responsibilities included subsystem design and development shipbuilding installation tests evaluations and trials and materials and subsystems technology improvements. Responsibilities and experience at Ingalls Shipbuilding during the past fourteen years includes systems engineering analysis and development ship design/construction integration and project engineering management assignments. His formal training has included U.S. Naval Service Schools special training studies at Boston Univer

Increasing demands are being made of U.S. naval ship designers, to provide increased efficiency in both the use of space, and in the development of “highly energy-efficient” shipboard systems. This efficient use of space will allow the placement of additional (or larger) weapons systems on combat ships. The reduction of energy consumption, using energy-efficient ship systems, will extend a combat ship's cruising range. Therefore, the development of suitable advanced systems will enhance the military effectiveness of U.S. Naval Combat Ships. To achieve such improvements in naval ship design, many development programs are now in progress, both in the private sector (including Ingalls Shipbuilding Division) and in the U.S. Navy Establishment. An example of a major “NAVSEA-sponsored” program is the RACER program, in which a “highly-efficiency” COGAS (Combined Gas and Steam) system will be developed. This propulsion plant will be suitable for use on U.S. Navy Destroyers, and on other future naval combatants. In order to contribute to naval ship improvement, Ingalls Shipbuilding Division conducts an Independent Research and Development Program. This program includes the development of improved propulsion, ship's service power, and auxiliary systems. These include advancements in their type, efficiency (space and energy), and shipboard configuration. This paper will describe recent advances in these ship systems. Innovations to be described included advanced power plants (COGAS and other power plant configuration), and reduction of hull and appendage drag. Innovative auxiliary systems will include water purification, and energy-efficient auxiliaries. The emphasis will be on their viability for U.S. Navy application, and the potential for improved energy efficiency. Not all of the concepts described will be eventually implemented on naval ships. However, if those which do not result in hardware serve to stimulate discussion, and development of other innovative systems, this

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THE DESIGN OF VARIABLE PAYLOAD SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 147-178页

作者： BROOME, GW NELSON, DW TOOTLE, WD Granville W. Broome Jr.:received his BS degree in Civil Engineering from the North Carolina State University in 1967 and MS degree in Naval Architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1970. He started his career at the former Naval Ship Engineering Center working on preliminary structural designs for FFG-7 CVAN-71 and PHM. Subsequently he participated in design integration of FFG-7 DG (AEGIS) CSGN and CG-47 Class ships. Later he served as the Lead Naval Architect for feasibility studies of LSD-41 T-AGOS and T-AO and feasibility studies as well as concept design of ARS-50. Mr. Broome is currently the Head of the Surface Combatant Section (SEA 33112) in the Advanced Design Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He is also serving as the Assistant Program Manager for Ship Design Concepts on the Ship Systems Engineering Standards (SSES) Program. In this capacity he is responsible for feasibility studies of the Variable Payload Ships. Mr. Broome is a member of ASNE and ASE. David W. Nelson:graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a BA degree in History prior to joining the Navy in 1963. He served inUSS Conyngham (DDG-17)and at the Naval Communication Station Greece. Upon release from active duty he entered North Carolina State University where he earned a BS degree in Civil Engineering. He joined the Naval Ship Engineering Center Hyattsville Maryland in 1973. He was the General Arrangements Task Leader for the DD-993 Contract Design the CG-26 Modernization and the DDG-2 Class Conversion. He is currently the Manager for Destroyer Design in the Ship Arrangements (SEA 3211) Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command where his primary responsibility is the general arrangements of DDG-51. He is also the Assistant Program Manager for Ship Design on the Ship Systems Engineering Standards Program. Mr. Nelson is a member of ASNE ASE and SNAME. William D. Tootle:received his BSEE degree from the North Carolina A&T State University in 1960. Between 1960 and 1964 h

This paper presents the issues involved and the approach taken in the design of Variable Payload Ships. The objectives in Variable Payload Ship design are: first, to permit concurrent design and development of the ship and its initial combat system; and second, to simplify the testing, installation, and upgrading of the combat system over a ship's life cycle. In order to accomplish these objectives, Ship systems engineering Standards and Design Criteria are being developed for the VPS platform and payload. Based on the Mid-Size Combatant design conducted so far, indications are that the abovementioned objectives can be met — giving the Navy maximum flexibility to choose the latest and most appropriate combat suite for each of its surface combatants during both initial acquisition and entire life cycle.

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THE INTRODUCTION OF HEAT RECOVERABLE COUPLINGS TO SHIP REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第6期94卷 63-71页

作者： LIBERATORE, DJ BASKERVILLE, JE LCdr. Donald J. Liberatore USN: began his career in the U.S. Navy in 1965. He has had many diverse assignments involving surface ships and submarines during the past seventeen years. During his tour at Naval Shipyard Portsmouth (N.H.) he was Assistant Design Superintendent and responsible for the introduction of Heat Recoverable Coupling technology into the shipyard. Presently he is assigned to the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in the Sonar Dome Office. Prior assignments within NAVSEA have been as Assistant Ship Systems Design Manager for the SSNX and FA-SSN preliminary designs in the Submarine Propulsion Analysis Branch in the Submarine Hydrodynamics Branch and in the Gear Coupling and Clutch Branch. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from Vanderbilt University in 1971 and in 1977 graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and his Professional degree of Ocean Engineer. A member of ASNE since 1975 LCdr. Liberatore also is a member of IEEE SNAME the Naval Institute and Sigma Xi. Cdr. James E. Baskerville USN: is presently assigned to NAVSEA as the Ship Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. In a previous tour at Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor he was the Navy's Program Manager for Heat Recoverable Coupling introduction in ship repair and maintenance. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and a designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his Professional degree of Ocean Engineer from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and also holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments have included tours in the USS Ramey (FFG-2) as Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and as Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor. Cdr. Baskervi

Although Heat Recoverable Couplings (HRCs), used to join pipe, may be labeled innovative “state-of-the-art” technology for U.S. Naval Shipyards, they have been in use in foreign ships and high technology industries for over a decade. HRCs provide a permanent leak-proof pipe joint in specified applications without the use of high temperature and the inherent hazards of an open flame. Manufactured from NITINOL, a nickel-titanium alloy developed by the U.S. Navy, the couplings exhibit a “shape memory” characteristic. That is, they return (shrink) to a specified shape (pipe diameter) thus forming a mechanical seal when the expanded coupling is removed from a cryogenic environment and warmed above approximately —130°C. This paper provides background information into the development of NITINOL, technical explanation of shape memory metallurgy, and a summary of results, with specific examples, describing the trial use of HRCs at Pearl Harbor and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Limited return cost data and recommendations for future use are presented. Then, using the HRC Program as a basis, the Authors discuss the conservative nature of the ship repair and maintenance environment. This environment, in the Authors' opinion, couples with complex contractual constraints and requirements which serve to restrict the introduction of new ideas. An analogy is made to Russian tenacity of recent years which promotes “exploring and doing” while we in the U.S. Navy are frequently content to study.

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THE IMPACT OF DESIGN PRACTICES ON SHIP SIZE AND COST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 68-86页

作者： KEHOE, JW BROWER, KS MEIER, HA Capt. James W. Kehoe Jr. USN(Ret.):who is recently retired from 36 years of naval service is well known for his recent work in conducting comparative engineering analyses of U.S. and foreign warship design practices at the Naval Sea Systems Command Washington D.C. He is currently a partner in Spectrum Associates Inc. Falls Church Virginia where he is engaged in ship design and weapon system engineering analysis. Commissioned in 1952 his sea duty aboard three destroyers and three aircraft carriers included command of theUSS John R. Pierce (DD-753)and engineer officer of theUSS Wasp (CVS-18).Ashore he has had duty in nuclear weapons the POLARIS missile program and instructing in project management. He holds a BS in mathematics from Stonehill College Massachusetts (1952) and an MA in education from San Diego State College (1959). A frequent contributor to theNaval Engineers Journaland theU.S. Naval Institute Proceedingshe has published a number of articles on U.S. Soviet and other foreign warship design practices and on U.S. and Soviet aircraft tank missile and electronic design practices. Kenneth S. Brower:is a partner in Spectrum Associates Inc. Falls Church Virginia which he founded in June 1978. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1965 with a Bachelor's Degree in Naval Architecture. Mr. Brower has contributed to the design and construction of numerous merchant ships and warships the latter of which include the CG-47 project Arapaho the FDL and DX projects the new NATO frigate for the ‘90s DDGX and FFX projects as well as several frigates developed for Foreign Military Sales. Since 1972 he has actively supported the Naval Sea Systems Command's Comparative Naval Architecture Program. During this period Mr. Brower has contributed to or been the author of numerous widely distributed technical reports on international ship design practices. Recently Mr. Brower has contributed as an analyst editor and author of an extensive assessment of the engineering design practices o

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THE CONSTRUCTION OF VARIABLE PAYLOAD SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 179-199页

作者： THOMPSON, DH THORELL, LM Daniel H. Thompson Jr.:is a native of Louisville Kentucky. He graduated from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1957. He was an Engineering Duty Officer in theUNITED STATES NAVYprimarily in the Far East responsible for ship repair and overhaul. He joined Sparkman & Stephens Inc. New York City as Assistant to the Chief Engineer in 1963 and worked on commercial military and private contracts. He has worked for Bath Iron Works since 1967. Between 1967 and 1971 he served first as Project Engineer on the DLG-16 Class Ship Modernization Program which involved eight ships and later as the Assistant to the Production Manager when he assumed the responsibilities for production management administration and sea trial coordination. He organized and directed cost reduction programs and led the development of a comprehensive management administration information system. Between 1971 and 1972 Mr. Thompson served as the Facilities Project Manager responsible for the execution of a nine million dollar shipyard facilities improvement program. In 1972 Mr. Thompson was appointed as the Producibility Assurance Manager for the FFG-7 Program. In this capacity he reviewed the detail design work and coordinated the early activities of the subcontractor responsible for detail design. He was also responsible for the development of the FFG-7 Class Producibility Assurance Manual which provided guidance to the detail designers on production/design integration. During the DG-47 (now CG-47) studies at BIW Mr. Thompson served as the Deputy Program Manager for DG-47 Technical Characterization in 1977. At present Mr. Thompson is working as a Project Engineer in the Technical Department. He is responsible for coordinating the engineering work on new DDGX and Variable Payload Ship projects. On special assignment he is also supporting the Cost Reduction Program at BIW as Chairman of the Technical Committee. Mr. Thompson is a member of SNAME and ASNE and is a licensed professional engineer in New York and Maine. Len Thorell:is a

The decoupling of combat systems from the platform makes it possible for shipyards and combat system suppliers to work in parallel without schedule or technological conflict. Great benefit is derived from building one, standard platform able to accommodate a variety of combat systems. The capability to build and test the payload modules independently, in a well equipped shore-based facility, means higher production efficiency and improved quality control. The standardization of payload-platform interfaces means that the detail design and construction of foundations and distributive systems need not be delayed if some of the combat system components are being upgraded at the time when the ship is in construction. Additionally, shipyards recognize the value of the variable payload ship concept for major combat systems and weapons upgrades. Analysis shows that combat system changes will not lie on the critical path from a scheduling point of view if the payload items are modularized and conform to the Ship systems engineering Standards. The shipyards intend to participate actively in the conservation of tenth-scale models and full-scale mock-ups. These mock-ups should prove valuable in the definition of interface requirements which must be incorporated in the Ship system engineering Standards. The module installation procedures and clearance requirements for both weapons modules and pelletized electronics can be checked in this effective way. Variable payload ship platform construction poses no technical problems as far as new facility requirements are concerned. Shipyards interested in assembling, testing, and installing payload modules would, however, have to use appropriate buildings, equipment, and cranes. These capital requirements are significant but reasonable for those yards that are likely to be interested in building frigates, destroyers, or cruisers. Furthermore, these yards generally plan for production improvements through better facilities, many of which

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ADVANCES IN LONG-RANGE, HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 39-48页

作者： BARTON, GG FELDMAN, S Mr. Sidney Feldman formerly with the Naval Applied Science Laboratory is presently with the Radiation Division of the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Silver Spring Maryland. He planned and supervised laboratory experiments of many optical systems for fleet evaluation several of his designs now being standard in the fleet. He received his BA degree in Physics from Brooklyn College in 1941 and majored in Physics at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. His professional memberships include the Optical Society of America American Association for the Advancement of Science and The Scientific Research Society of North America. He was the recipient of the Naval Ordnance Development Award in 1945 the Superior Achievement Award in 1957 the Quality Salary Increase Award in 1965 the Superior Accomplishment Award in 1967 1970 and 1979. Additionally he has been granted patents for a relamping tool for searchlights (1962) a lamp positioning mechanism for searchlights (1963) a daylnight digital sextant (1973) a portable sextant-computer system (1974) and with Mr. George Barton the remote-controlled LLLTV camera-sextant (1976) the automatic passive LLLTV-rangefinder (1977) and a patent disclosure for the omnidirectional transceiver (1980). Mr. George G. Barton has been employed by the Naval Research Laboratory Washington D. C. for the past ten years in the scientific and military application design engineering and fabrication of low light level TV camera systems. He was previously associated with the Smithsonian Institution and Northwestern University in the application of TV technology in astronomical investigations. He attended New York University Newark College of Engineering and New Mexico State University where he majored in Physical Optics. Presently he is with his own company BISMARC Inc. Harker's Island N.C. where he is involved principally in the design manufacture and marketing of sonar systems such as the unique VIDISEA fishscope research and development in electrooptic systems an

During periods of radio silence under Emission Control, communication depends on the slow ship-to-ship, manual-visual, 8-10 wpm Morse code signaling shutter searchlight employing the ac 1000-watt incandescent or the ac 1000-watt compact arc mercury-xenon lamp. These sources can be replaced by the dc compact arc xenon lamp to provide longer daylight ranges and highspeed (100 wpm teletype, 150 wpm Morse code, voice, etc.) communication since this source has superior brightness and the facility of considerably more rapid modulation. The excessive weight and size of the ac-dc power convertor and modulating circuitry which had prevented use of the dc xenon lamp have been overcome by developments in solid state electronics such as the rapid, high current, simmer-flash, 100 to one light output xenon lamp pulsing using the reliable, uncomplicated, low-cost silicon controlled rectifier shunt switch which could eliminate the mechanical signaling shutter. Laboratory and sea evaluations have proved the feasibility of and provided the long daylight high-speed optical communication ranges that could be attained from operation of the dc 1000-watt and 2200-watt xenon lamps at the focus of 12-inch, 18-inch searchlights and in the Fresnel lens omni-directional beacon which a command ship uses to signal all ships in a task force at once. With these advances, optical communication provides the highspeed capability of radio communication, particularly, also, with the new omnidirectional transceiver.

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engineering AESTHETICS IN WARSHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第5期93卷 61-64页

作者： KELL, W is a veteran of infrantry combat in Europe during World War II. He holds degrees in Naval Architecture Marine Engineering and Marine Transportation from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in Massachusetts and New Hampshire and a member of SNAME and ASNE. His Marine experience includes work for Gibbs & Cox Boot-Allen John J. McMullen General Dynamics Bethlehem Steel Co. CTD and John G. Alden. The work covered a broad spectrum of activities which included claims investigations ship surveys basic ship design combining both naval architecture and marine engineering preliminary and detailed design of marine steam dieselandgas turbine propulsion plants instrumentation of ships for trials and analysis of trial data. He has also been active in the naval architecture and marine engineering of yachts fishing vessels and work boats. He has also spent over ten years in the mechanical engineering of electronics systems in space probes aircraft and ruggedized ground-base equipment. He packaged the data acquisition system for Mariner B which made the first Venus Fly By. Mr. Kelt is currently engaged as a naval architect and marine engineer by RCA Corporation in the special studies group ship integration activity of the Naval Systems Department at Moorestown NJ where he conducts feasibility studies to establish the performance impact of combat system variations on candidate ships.

The case is made that the aesthetic considerations that make a warship appear to be an effective combatant do not conflict with the design engineering considerations that contribute to combat effectiveness. The features suggested by Roach and Meier [1, 2] for making a warship look warlike are shown to have been included in the configurations of two ships as a result primarily of engineering considerations, without stressing aesthetics.

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HANDE - A computer-AIDED-DESIGN APPROACH FOR HYDROFOIL SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 120-130页

作者： KING, JH DEVINE, MD THE AUTHORS: Mr. James H. King:graduated from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1975 at which time he received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. He joined the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) following graduation where he has worked in both the Advanced Concepts and Hydrofoil Offices. Currently he is the Assistant Manager of Hydrofoil Systems Integration in the Advanced Hydrofoil Systems Office at DTNSRDC. Besides ASNE which he joined in 1977 Mr. King is an Associate Member ofSNAME and a member of the U.S. Naval Institute and the International Hydrofoil Society. Mr. Matthew D. Devine:attended the University of Michigan from which he received both his B.S.E. and M.S.E. degrees in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1973 and 1974 respectively. Following graduation he joined the Boeing Company where he has worked in computer-aided ship design and analysis and is currently employed in the Space and Military Applications Division Boeing Computer Services Company Seattle Wash. He is an Associate Member of SNAME and has been a member of ASNE since 1980.

A powerful computer-aided design tool for use in hydrofoil ship engineering, the Hydrofoil ANalysis and DEsign program (HANDE), is described. Its relevance, structure, features, and use are delineated. The value of HANDE for design verification and variation, research studies, and rapid response studies is related through case histories. Future application and development of HANDE and related design tools are forecast.

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SHIP DESIGN - PERFORMANCE THROUGH INNOVATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第1期93卷 33-44页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE WHIDDON, WD LCdr. James E. Baskerville USN: a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy. Class of 1969. is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). Prior to being assigned as the Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command he served in the USS Ramsey (FFG-2). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. While at MIT he participated in a one-year feasibility design study project for a 3500-Ton advanced concept mono-hull in cooperation with the Advanced Naval Vehicles Concept Evaluation Office (OP-96V) in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNA V). While on duty at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard from 1977 until 1980 he completed assignments as Ship Superintendent for the FY78 overhaul of the USS Brewton (FF-1086) and as Type Desk Officer for the FY79 overhaul of the USS Reeves (CG-24). In 1979 he was selected as a member of the Engineering Duty Community's newly formed Ship Design and Engineering Specialist s Group and served as Assistant Design Superintendent for one-year field experience prior to rotating to the Naval Sea System Command's Ship Design Directorate where he currently is assigned as a Ship design Manager in the Shp Design Management and Integration Office. LCdr. Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the state of Hawaii and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975. is a member of SNAME. Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi. LCdr. W. David Whiddon USN: graduated from the University of South Alabama in 1969 at which time he received his B.S. degree in Engineering. Subsequently he attended the Officer Candidate School Newport R.I. receiving his commission in the U.S. Navy as an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) in 1970 and later his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from Massachus

Using the design of an advanced 3,500-Metric Ton Frigate as a baseline, the impacts of various innovative and/or advanced technologies are developed. Included in the discussion are advanced concepts and design innovations related to the design of gas turbines, combat system, survivability, habitability, electrical cables, hull structures, and fabrication techniques.

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ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS STUDY ON NAVAL SHIP FUEL CONSUMPTION VARIATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 47-57页

作者： SLAGER, JJ TOMASSONI, CA SANDBERG, WC THE AUTHORS: Mr. John S. Slager:is currently the Director of Hydrodynamic Design at Designers & Planners (D&P) Inc. Arlington Va. He received his B.S. degree from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1949 and from then until 1964 was employed as Naval Architect and Supervisory Naval Architect in the Preliminary Design Branch of the Navy's Bureau of Ships where he was involved in Feasibility Conceptual and Preliminary Design studies for all types of Navy Surface Ships and Submarines. From 1964 to 1980 he was employed as Principal Naval Architect at Hydronautics Inc. where he continued to be involved in early-stage design work primarily naval ships. In recent years he has concentrated on improvement of ship hydrodynamic performance and has been involved in the development and definition of the hull forms as well as the power performance predictions for many recent naval ship designs. In 1980 he joined D&P where his responsibilities include management of and participation in ship hydrodynamic studies and participation in the early-stage design of all types of ships. Mr. Slager is a member of RINA and SNA ME. Mr. Carlos A. Tomassoni:is Director of Ship Design and Marine Economics at D&P. He received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Buenos Aires in 1962 and began his career as a Naval Architect in the largest naval shipyard in his native country. In 1965 he joined the firm of John J. McMullen Associates in New York City as Project Engineer. He also worked as a Senior Naval Architect for the Advanced Marine Technology Division of Litton Industries during the design of the DD 963 Class ships and most recently for Hydronautics Inc. where he reached the position of Head Naval Architecture Division. In his current capacity at D&P he is responsible for early-stage ship design work and marine economic activities for both commercial and naval ships. He is particularly experienced in the development and use of ship design synthesis computer programs used

Speed-power margins are applied during the preparation of powering performance estimates for new U.S. Navy ship designs. This paper describes a study which was carried out in support of the U.S. Navy's Energy Conservation Program. The primary purpose of the study was to estimate, for new naval ships, the savings in ship fuel consumption and ship acquisition costs which might be achieved by the use of design power margin values which are smaller than those in the current NAVSEA margin policy. A second, related purpose was to determine the risks, in terms of reduced probabilities of achieving design speed, which would be associated with the use of reduced power margin values. The results of the study indicate that reductions in fuel consumption and acquisition cost can be achieved if a projected new naval ship is redesigned with a smaller value of power margin. However, the results are shown to be dependent upon ship size constraints and on the type of propulsion system. The results of the study also indicate that, for a projected new naval ship, the use of a reduced design power margin value will be accompanied by a substantial decrease in the probability of achieving the design speed.

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