Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea in...
Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d
This work presents localized functionalization of bionanoreceptors, genetically modified Tobacco mosaic viruses, on high-aspect-ratio micropillar arrays using electrowetting principles. This approach allows wetting of...
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In this paper, we propose a new combined message passing algorithm which allows belief propagation (BP) and mean filed (MF) applied on a same factor node, so that MF can be applied to hard constraint factors. Based on...
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This paper presents a novel biofabrication technology utilizing electro wetting principles for localized 3-D functionalization of Tobacco mosaic viruses (TMVs) onto structurally hydrophobic micropillar arrays μPAs). ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509050796
This paper presents a novel biofabrication technology utilizing electro wetting principles for localized 3-D functionalization of Tobacco mosaic viruses (TMVs) onto structurally hydrophobic micropillar arrays μPAs). A custom-built 3-D electro-bioprinting (3D-EBP) system enables exquisite control over positioning and wetting of TMV solution onto the water repellent 3-D substrate. The 3D-EBP is evaluated using SEM and fluorescent labeling for characterization of TMV's nanostructured morphology and their biochemical activities, respectively. A complete yet localized assembly of TMVs on μPAs is confirmed in SEM. The increased density of TMVs per device foot-print (vs. TMVs on planar substrate) results in a significant 7-fold increase in fluorescence intensity attributed to the μPAs. On a single μPA substrate (7×7 mm 2 ), 3D-EBP of 3×3 hierarchical TMV arrays is demonstrated to emphasize the unique 3D patterning capability. Overall, the results confirm successful application of electrowetting principles for creating highly functional device components spanning the micro/nano/bio domains.
Under the background of system-of-systems (SoS) counterwork, it is more apparent that the simulation modeling of the equipment should be domain-specific, formal, automatic and composable. Current equipment effectivene...
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Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in ...
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Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression.
The validation and verification of models becomes increasingly important as the complexity and overall costs of later development stages increase. Although, a variety of tools exists for this purpose, the majority are...
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The validation and verification of models becomes increasingly important as the complexity and overall costs of later development stages increase. Although, a variety of tools exists for this purpose, the majority are academic - used as a proof of concept for the theory behind them. Thus, implementations are mostly applicable to subsets of model verification tasks only. In order to execute all necessary verification tasks, the model under verification has to be manually prepared for each tool - usually involving several modeling languages and techniques. The manual work requires expert knowledge and is a source for errors. Simplifying this process is a desired aspect and poses new challenges to tool developers. We demonstrate how a common framework can be used to provide access to multiple model checking techniques by integrating an SMT-based ModelFinder including a high level interface to its functionality. Afterwards, the benefits are discussed comparing the new technique with the existing tool coverage in the framework.
Under a Bayesian framework, we formulate the fully sequential sampling and selection decision in statistical ranking and selection as a stochastic control problem, and derive the associated Bellman equation. Using val...
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