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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Zhiyuan Shi, Zhan Ahmed, Daniel Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich RüschlikonCH-8803 Switzerland

Shape transformation, a key mechanism for organismal survival and adaptation, has gained importance across fields as diverse as electronics and medicine. However, designing and controlling microscale shape-shifting materials remains a fundamental challenge in various actuation modalities. Here, we introduce "SonoTransformer," an acoustically activated micromachine that delivers ultrafast transformability using preprogrammed soft hinges. These hinges concentrate energy through intensified oscillation and provide the necessary torque for transformation. We have created new machine designs to predetermine the folding state, enabling tailoring and milliseconds transformation. Additionally, we have shown selective transformation by adjusting acoustic power, realizing high degrees of control and functional versatility. Our findings open new research avenues in acoustics, physics, and soft matter, offering new design paradigms and development opportunities in robotics, metamaterials, adaptive optics, and microtechnology. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Hinges

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Forward-looking Sonar Based Autonomous Aquaculture Inspection

Forward-looking Sonar Based Autonomous Aquaculture Inspectio...

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OCEANS

作者： Daniel Rosa David Cabecinhas Fausto Ferreira Institute for Systems and Robotics Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon LABUST Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Zagreb

ISBN: (数字)9798350362077

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362084

In recent years, there has been a rising interest in aquaculture development due to the increasing demand for food driven by population's growth. Aquaculture infrastructures require regular monitoring to assure their preservation and food safety, traditionally conducted by slow and risky manual methods involving professional divers. To solve this issue, an autonomous aquaculture net inspection using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is proposed. The AUV is equipped with a Forward-Looking Sonar (FLS), which provides acoustic images of the environment. By using image processing techniques to remove noise, the vehicle's distance and orientation relative to the net cage are measured. The net cage's center is estimated, using a circle regression, to compute the relative orientation. Then, velocity and orientation references are generated, so the AUV can cover the net whole perimeter, while staying at a desired distance. Finally, many tests are performed to analyze the vehicle's behavior while encircling the net.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles Current measurement Sonar measurements Measurement uncertainty Sonar Sea measurements Inspection

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Safe-By-Design Digital Twins for Human-Robot Interaction: A Use Case for Humanoid Service Robots

Safe-By-Design Digital Twins for Human-Robot Interaction: A ...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Jon Škerlj Mazin Hamad Jean Elsner Abdeldjallil Naceri Sami Haddadin Department of Computer Engineering School of Computation Information and Technology Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Technical University of Munich (TUM)

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

Integrating humanoid service mobile robots into human environments presents numerous challenges, primarily concerning the safety of interactions between robots and humans. To address these safety concerns, we propose a novel approach that leverages the capabilities of digital twin technology by tailoring it to incorporate comprehensive and robust safety concepts. This paper introduces a "safe-by-design" digital twin that operates alongside the real twin robot in the loop, engaging real-time safety framework during physical interactions with the surrounding environment, including *** validate the effectiveness of our proposed safe-by-design digital twin framework, we conducted experiments using a humanoid service mobile robot alongside simulated human counterparts. Our results demonstrate the capability of the integrated impact safety module within the proposed digital twin approach to limit the velocities of both the robot’s base and arms, adhering to injury biomechanics-based safety thresholds. These findings emphasize the promise of our proposed approach for ensuring the physical safety of humanoid service mobile robots operating in dynamic human environments. It enables the digital twin to preemptively identify potential safety hazards and formulate safe intervention actions to ensure the robot’s compliance with safety regulations, paving the way for safer and more widespread adoption of robotic systems in various service domains.

关键词： Service robots Tracking Humanoid robots Human-robot interaction Robot sensing systems Safety Digital twins

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MLPER: Multi-Level Prompts for Adaptively Enhancing Vision-Language Emotion Recognition

MLPER: Multi-Level Prompts for Adaptively Enhancing Vision-L...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Yu Gao Weihong Ren Xinglong Xu Yan Wang Zhiyong Wang Honghai Liu School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation State Key Lab of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9798350377705

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377712

In the field of robotics, vision-based Emotion Recognition (ER) has achieved significant progress, but it still faces the challenge of poor generalization ability under unconstrained conditions (e.g., occlusions and pose variations). In this work, we propose MLPER model, which introduces Vision-Language Model for Emotion Recognition to learn discriminative representations adaptively. Specifically, different from typically leveraging a hand-crafted prompt (e.g., "a photo of a [class] person"), we first establish Multi-Level Prompts from three aspects: facial expression, human posture and situational condition using large language models, like ChatGPT. Correspondingly, we extract the visual tokens from three levels: the face, body, and context. Further, to achieve fine-grained alignment at each level, we adopt textual tokens from the positive and the hard negative to query visual tokens, predicting whether a pair of image and text is matched. Experimental results demonstrate that our MLPER model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on several ER benchmarks, especially under the conditions of occlusions and pose variations.

关键词： Emotion recognition Adaptation models Visualization Large language models Human-robot interaction Medical services Benchmark testing Chatbots Faces Intelligent robots

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Improving ASTRO's Perception Capability for a more Natural Follow-Me Task 6

Improving ASTRO's Perception Capability for a more Natural F...

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6th Experiment at International Conference, exp.at 2023

作者： Ferreira, Bruno Sorrentino, Alessandra Menezes, Paulo Batista, Jorge Dias, Jorge Fiorini, Laura Cavallo, Filipo University of Coimbra Institute of Systems and Robotics Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coimbra Portugal Khalifa University of Science and Technology Khalifa University Center for Autonomous Robotic Systems Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates University of Florence Dept. of Industrial Engineering Florence Italy BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350314403

Social assistive robots usually encompass a great compromise between the advanced perception models that one can use and their computing capabilities. The ideal approaches are always oriented towards low power consumption while maintaining a higher order of responsiveness to the surroundings. Therefore, we present in this paper, an improvement of the follow-me system on ASTRO. In detail, we propose the use of Mediapipe SDK for human detection and tracking, when ASTRO is meant to accompany someone that is walking. A study on the new velocity and distance profiles that the robot keeps from the individuals is presented and we have also evaluated how it affects their perception of being safe. The presented results show that our new approach allows the system to achieve real-time performance by becoming ≈ 9.1× faster, smoothing, and keeping a more natural distance from the user. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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A bionic approach for the mechanical and electrical decoupling of an MEMS capacitive sensor in ultralow force measurement

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Frontiers of Mechanical engineering 2023年第2期18卷 297-317页

作者： Wendi GAO Bian TIAN Cunlang LIU Yingbiao MI Chen JIA Libo ZHAO Tao LIU Nan ZHU Ping YANG Qijing LIN Zhuangde JIANG Dong SUN State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesOverseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline InnovationXi’an Jiaotong University(Yantai)Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and SystemSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 265599China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems(HIT) Harbin 150006China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Capacitive sensors are efficient tools for biophysical force measurement,which is essential for the exploration of cellular ***,attention has been rarely given on the influences of external mechanical and internal electrical interferences on capacitive *** this work,a bionic swallow structure design norm was developed for mechanical decoupling,and the influences of structural parameters on mechanical behavior were fully analyzed and optimized.A bionic feather comb distribution strategy and a portable readout circuit were proposed for eliminating electrostatic *** instability was evaluated,and electrostatic decoupling performance was verified on the basis of a novel measurement method utilizing four complementary comb arrays and applicationspecific integrated circuit *** electrostatic pulling experiment showed that the bionic swallow structure hardly moved by 0.770 nm,and the measurement error was less than 0.009% for the area-variant sensor and 1.118% for the gap-variant sensor,which can be easily compensated in *** proposed sensor also exhibited high resistance against electrostatic rotation,and the resulting measurement error dropped below 0.751%.The rotation interferences were less than 0.330 nm and(1.829×10^(-7))°,which were 35 times smaller than those of the traditional differential *** on the proposed bionic decoupling method,the fabricated sensor exhibited overwhelming capacitive sensitivity values of 7.078 and 1.473 pF/μm for gap-variant and area-variant devices,respectively,which were the highest among the current *** immunity to mechanical disturbances was maintained simultaneously,i.e.,less than 0.369% and 0.058% of the sensor outputs for the gap-variant and area-variant devices,respectively,indicating its great performance improvements over existing devices and feasibility in ultralow biomedical force measurement.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical system capacitive sensor bionics operation instability mechanical and electrical decoupling biomedical force measurement

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Multiagent Consensus over Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Signed Digraphs via Eventual Positivity

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2023年第9期68卷 5429-5444页

作者： Fontan, Angela Wang, Lingfei Hong, Yiguang Shi, Guodong Altafini, Claudio Linköping University Division of Automatic Control Department of Electrical Engineering LinköpingSE-58183 Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems StockholmSE-10044 Sweden Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai201804 China University of Sydney Australian Center for Field Robotics School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering SydneyNSW2008 Australia

Laplacian dynamics on signed digraphs have a richer behavior than those on nonnegative digraphs. In particular, for the so-called 'repelling' signed Laplacians, the marginal stability property (needed to achieve consensus) is not guaranteed a priori and, even when it holds, it does not automatically lead to consensus, as these signed Laplacians may lose rank even in strongly connected digraphs. Furthermore, in the time-varying case, instability can occur even when switching in a family of systems each of which corresponds to a marginally stable signed Laplacian with the correct corank. In this article, we present novel conditions for achieving consensus on signed digraphs based on the property of eventual positivity, a Perron-Frobenius (PF) type of property for signed matrices. The conditions we develop cover both time-invariant and time-varying cases. A particularly simple sufficient condition, valid in both cases, is that the Laplacians are normal matrices. Such condition can be relaxed in several ways. For instance, in the time-invariant case it is enough that the Laplacian has this PF property on the right side, but not on the left side (i.e., on the transpose). For the time-varying case, convergence to consensus can be guaranteed by the existence of a common Lyapunov function for all the signed Laplacians. All conditions can be easily extended to bipartite consensus. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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Emergency Clinical Procedure Detection via Wearable Sensors 66th

Emergency Clinical Procedure Detection via Wearable Sensors

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66th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2022

作者： Baskaran, Prakash Heard, Jamison Adams, Julie A. Collaborative Robotics and Intelligent Systems Institute Oregon State University CorvallisOR United States Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology NY United States

Communicating a patient’s state accurately during transfer from emergency medical technicians to hospital personnel is crucial for optimal care. Prior work demonstrated automated algorithms that combined wearable sensors with video data from cameras to detect clinical procedures and improve this information transfer. However, incorporating video requires task- or environment-specific installation mechanisms, raises privacy concerns, and is susceptible to occlusion and image noise. The presented approach detects clinical procedures using wearable sensors (i.e., inertial and electrophysiological) only and the procedures’ subtasks to mitigate the sensors’ signal variability to provide clinical procedure detection. © 2022 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ergonomics

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Trajectory Control of Multi-Axis Robotic Arms Based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

Trajectory Control of Multi-Axis Robotic Arms Based on Physi...

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2024 China Automation Congress, CAC 2024

作者： Wang, Yiqing Xia, Changqing Jin, Xi Xu, Chi Zhang, Yanzhu School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Shenyang Ligong University Shenyang China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368604

Multi-axis robotic arms are extensively utilized in intelligent manufacturing scenarios, with trajectory control in flexible scenarios constituting a primary challenge. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent advanced methods that integrate physical laws with data-driven approaches. Despite their outstanding performance in integrating theory and data, research on their application for controlling robotic arms in complex scenarios remains limited. This paper establishes a nonlinear dynamic model based on the physical relationships between the axes of robotic arms. In the absence of prior data, Sobol sequence random sampling is employed to generate data, which are subsequently trained using PINNs. Considering system noise, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is utilized to predict the next state in noisy environments, and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is implemented to control the robotic arm for trajectory tracking, achieving real-time control. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Discrete Physics-Informed Predictive Control (DPIPC) method exhibits smaller position and velocity errors with less fluctuation compared to the method in the reference, indicating superior control capabilities. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Extended Kalman filters

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Data-based Stabilization of Unknown Discrete-time 2-D Roesser systems 23

Data-based Stabilization of Unknown Discrete-time 2-D Roesse...

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23rd International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, ICMLC 2024

作者： Yang, Runmin Yang, Rongni Ma, Renjie Zhu, Yanzheng Shi, Peng School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan250061 China Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin150001 China College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering University of Adelaide AdelaideSA5005 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528041

This paper studies the stabilization problem of discrete-time two-dimensional (2-D) systems represented by Roesser based on available data. First of all, based on the pre-collected input-state data, the original system is transformed into a data-based form. Then a set is established to represent all systems capable of generating the given data, thereby indirectly stabilizing the original system by stabilizing all systems within this set. Next, by utilizing the S-procedure, sufficient conditions are established for the resultant closed-loop systems that incorporate a state feedback controller based on collected data. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete time control systems

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