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SAD-TIME: a Spatiotemporal-fused network for depression detection with Automated multi-scale Depth-wise and TIME-interval-related common feature extractor

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Han-Guang Hou, Hui-Rang Jin, Li-Cheng Xu, Chen-Yang Zhang, Zhong-Yi Meng, Qing-Hao Zhang, Yong-Hui Tianjin Key Laboratory of Process Measurement and Control Institute of Robotics and Autonomous Systems School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Department of Psychiatry Tianjin Anding Hospital Mental Health Center Tianjin Medical University China

Background and Objective: Depression is a severe mental disorder, and accurate diagnosis is pivotal to the cure and rehabilitation of people with depression. However, the current questionnaire-based diagnostic methods could bring subjective biases and may be denied by subjects. In search of a more objective means of diagnosis, researchers have begun to experiment with deep learning-based methods for identifying depressive disorders in recent years. Methods: In this study, a novel Spatiotemporal-fused network with Automated multi-scale Depth-wise and TIME-interval-related common feature extractor (SAD-TIME) is proposed. SAD-TIME incorporates an automated nodes’ common features extractor (CFE), a spatial sector (SpS), a modified temporal sector (TeS), and a domain adversarial learner (DAL). The CFE includes a multiscale depth-wise 1D-convolutional neural network and a time-interval embedding generator, where the unique information of each channel is preserved. The SpS fuses the functional connectivity with the distance-based connectivity containing spatial position of EEG electrodes. A multi-head-attention graph convolutional network is also applied in the SpS to fuse the features from different EEG channels. The TeS is based on long short-term memory and graph transformer networks, where the temporal information of different time-windows is fused. Moreover, the DAL is used after the SpS to obtain the domain-invariant feature. Results: Experimental results under tenfold cross-validation show that the proposed SAD-TIME method achieves 92.00% and 94.00% depression classification accuracies on two datasets, respectively, in cross-subject mode. Conclusion: SAD-TIME is a robust depression detection model, where the automatedly-generated features, the SpS and the TeS assist the classification performance with the fusion of the innate spatiotemporal information in the EEG signals. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Investigating Neural Network Hyperparameter Variations in Robotic Arm Inverse Kinematics for Different Arm Lengths

Investigating Neural Network Hyperparameter Variations in Ro...

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Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T), Conference on

作者： Rania Bouzid Jyotindra Narayan Hassène Gritli RISC Laboratory (LR16ES07) Borj Cedria Higher Institute of Information and Communication Technologies University of Carthage Tunis Tunisia Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics and Robotics Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam India Laboratory of Robotics Informatics and Complex Systems (RISC Lab - LR16ES07) National Engineering School of Tunis University of Tunis EI Manar Le Belvédère Tunis Tunisia

This research delves into the evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in tackling the intricate domain of inverse kinematics problems within the context of robotic systems. Compared to direct kinematics, inverse kinematics presents significant challenges, especially when dealing with different arm lengths, which can impact the system's overall functionality. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis to assess the performance of ANNs across various robotic arm lengths. Following the forward kinematics of a simple 2-DoF robotic manipulator, three distinct datasets (fixed step size, random step size, and sinusoidal step size) are generated for training, testing, and validation phases. For every dataset, three optimizers, namely Levenberg Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient, are considered with different hyperparameters to investigate the performance of the ANN models. Based on the validation of MSE values, ANN models with different hyperparameters are found to be a promising approach in estimating the inverse kinematic solutions for different arm lengths with data complexities. Such solutions can be further extended to higher DoF robotic solutions and save the computational burden of evaluating analytical solutions.

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Even Small Correlation and Diversity Shifts Pose Dataset-Bias Issues

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Bissoto, Alceu Barata, Catarina Valle, Eduardo Avila, Sandra Institute of Computing University of Campinas Campinas Brazil School of Electrical and Computing Engineering University of Campinas Campinas Brazil Institute for Systems and Robotics Instituto Superior Técnico Lisboa Portugal Recod.ai Lab University of Campinas Brazil

Distribution shifts are common in real-world datasets and can affect the performance and reliability of deep learning models. We study two types of distribution shifts: diversity shifts, which occur when test samples exhibit patterns unseen during training, and correlation shifts, which occur when test data present a different correlation between seen invariant and spurious features. We propose an integrated protocol to analyze both types of shifts using datasets where they co-exist in a controllable manner. Finally, we apply our approach to a real-world classification problem of skin cancer analysis, using out-of-distribution datasets and specialized bias annotations. Our protocol reveals three findings: 1) Models learn and propagate correlation shifts even with low-bias training;this poses a risk of accumulating and combining unaccountable weak biases;2) Models learn robust features in high- and low-bias scenarios but use spurious ones if test samples have them;this suggests that spurious correlations do not impair the learning of robust features;3) Diversity shift can reduce the reliance on spurious correlations;this is counter-intuitive since we expect biased models to depend more on biases when invariant features are missing. Our work has implications for distribution shift research and practice, providing new insights into how models learn and rely on spurious correlations under different types of shifts. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Trajectory Control of Multi-Axis Robotic Arms Based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

Trajectory Control of Multi-Axis Robotic Arms Based on Physi...

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Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Yiqing Wang Changqing Xia Xi Jin Chi Xu Yanzhu Zhang School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Shenyang Ligong University Shenyang China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368604

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368611

Multi-axis robotic arms are extensively utilized in intelligent manufacturing scenarios, with trajectory control in flexible scenarios constituting a primary challenge. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent advanced methods that integrate physical laws with data-driven approaches. Despite their outstanding performance in integrating theory and data, research on their application for controlling robotic arms in complex scenarios remains limited. This paper establishes a nonlinear dynamic model based on the physical relationships between the axes of robotic arms. In the absence of prior data, Sobol sequence random sampling is employed to generate data, which are subsequently trained using PINNs. Considering system noise, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is utilized to predict the next state in noisy environments, and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is implemented to control the robotic arm for trajectory tracking, achieving real-time control. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Discrete Physics-Informed Predictive Control (DPIPC) method exhibits smaller position and velocity errors with less fluctuation compared to the method in the reference, indicating superior control capabilities.

关键词： Fluctuations Trajectory tracking Simulation Noise Neural networks Manipulators Real-time systems Trajectory Manufacturing Predictive control

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Comparative Study on Fall Detection using Machine Learning Approaches 19

Comparative Study on Fall Detection using Machine Learning A...

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19th International Conference on Electrical engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2022

作者： Tongskulroongruang, Thienrawit Wiphunawat, Paphatchaya Jutharee, Wisanu Kaewmahanin, Watchara Rassameecharoenchai, Teerameth Jennawasin, Tanagorn Kaewkamnerdpong, Boonserm King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Department of Control Systems and Instrumentation Engineering Bangkok Thailand Institute of Field Robotics and Automation King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Naresuan University Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Department of Cardiothoracic Technology Phitsanulok Thailand King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Biological Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665485845

Falls are one of the most dangerous problems for the elderly. A reliable fall detection system can aid in reducing the harmful repercussions of an unintentional fall. The focus of this paper is on a dataset that includes signals from portable devices. We propose a simple feature selection approach to reduce the number of effective input attributes based on a voting strategy. The dataset is classified into three categories, i.e., pre-fall, fall and post-fall using various machine learning approaches. The computational time is significantly reduced for most of the classification algorithms, and the relative reduction reaches to 66.67% with decision tree algorithm. Classification accuracy can reach as high as 95.17% when using neural network, while the relative reductions on the classification accuracy due to the feature selection do not exceed 1.50%. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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Enhancing Force Sensing Capabilities in Exoskeleton Interfaces Using Compliant Actuator-Sensor Units - A User Study

Enhancing Force Sensing Capabilities in Exoskeleton Interfac...

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IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)

作者： Hosam Alagi Nikola Fischer Kai Behrends Iris Ftirst-Walter Jürgen Becker Michael Beigl Franziska Mathis-Ullrich Björn Hein Intelligent Process Automation and Robotics Laboratory (IPR) Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Telematics (TM) - Pervasive Computing Systems (TECO) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE) Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350386523

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386530

Reliable interaction force sensing between an exoskeleton and the human body is crucial for personalized support and efficient control. Poor donning and disturbances during movement lead to lower force measurement quality and thus to unfavorable use. In this work, we present an active smart human-robot interface by utilizing compliant actuator-sensor units (CASUs) that can be worn over clothing. These units combine capacitive force sensing and actuation using Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA) to actively compensate disturbances and improve force measurement by tightening the interface and reestablishing optimal contact. We present a pilot user study with five subjects, investigating the performance of an exoskele-ton interface featuring three integrated CASUs to compensate for non-ideal donning configurations and displacements during daily activities of walking, sitting down, and climbing the stairs. The results for a passive interface show a decrease in holding forces and force signal quality during activities. Our active interface, on the other hand, effectively compensates for disturbances, restoring high signal quality by the mean of peak-to-peak value up to 300% which leads to more distinct signals.

关键词： Legged locomotion Force measurement Cooling Force Exoskeletons Metals Stairs Robot sensing systems Sensors Reliability

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In Situ Measurement of the Kinetic Friction of Si Nanowires on SiC Substrates in SEM with a Microprobe 11

In Situ Measurement of the Kinetic Friction of Si Nanowires ...

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11th IEEE Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent systems, CYBER 2021

作者： Gao, Peng Zhou, Jie Zou, Tao Rong, Weibin State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology HarbinHeilongjiang150080 China School of Electrical and Control Engineering Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology HarbinHeilongjiang150022 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665425278

This research introduces a kinetic friction modeling and measurement method for silicon nanowires (NWs) and silicon carbide substrates. The NW was pushed to slide by the micro-force probe at a constant speed. Under the conditions of kinetic friction and deformation of the nanowires, the silicon nanowires are in equilibrium during the measurement. Under this condition, the value measured by the micro-force probe is the total kinetic friction force. The thermal insulation connector is used to isolate the heat conduction to the micro-force probe to avoid the influence of temperature rise on the measurement result. The Faraday cup was used to measure the surface current in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The appropriate parameters of SEM were chosen according to the surface current to reduce the influence of the charging effect on the measurement results. The high sensitivity of the micro-force probe is used to ensure that there is no contact between the probe and the substrate, thereby avoiding the interference of the pre-load force. The entire experiment process was monitored in real-time to improve the stability of the measurement. The study in this paper found that the shear stress of silicon nanowires is 1.05 \pm 0.32\text{MPa}. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Proprioception and Tail Control Enable Extreme Terrain Traversal by Quadruped Robots

Proprioception and Tail Control Enable Extreme Terrain Trave...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Yanhao Yang Joseph Norby Justin K. Yim Aaron M. Johnson Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Collaborative Robotics and Intelligent Systems Institute Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

Legged robots leverage ground contacts and the reaction forces they provide to achieve agile locomotion. However, uncertainty coupled with contact discontinuities can lead to failure, especially in real-world environments with unexpected height variations such as rocky hills or curbs. To enable dynamic traversal of extreme terrain, this work introduces 1) a proprioception-based gait planner for estimating unknown hybrid events due to elevation changes and responding by modifying contact schedules and planned footholds online, and 2) a two-degree-of-freedom tail for improving contact-independent control and a corresponding decoupled control scheme for better versatility and efficiency. Simulation results show that the gait planner significantly improves stability under unforeseen terrain height changes compared to methods that assume fixed contact schedules and footholds. Further, tests have shown that the tail is particularly effective at maintaining stability when encountering a terrain change with an initial angular disturbance. The results show that these approaches work synergistically to stabilize locomotion with elevation changes up to 1.5 times the leg length and tilted initial states.

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Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Hexapod Mobile Robot with C-Shaped Legs 8

Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Hexapod Mobile Robot...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced robotics and Mechatronics, ICARM 2023

作者： Wu, Yujie Li, Dangchao Dong, Xia Wang, Xin Zheng, Chunli Zhu, Aibin Zhang, Zheng Zhou, Xu Zhang, Yulin Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems Xi'An Jiaotong University Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots Xi'an710049 China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System Xi'an710049 China School of Construction Machinery Chang'An University Xi'an710064 China Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China School of Energy and Power Engineering xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China Taiyuan Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Co. Ltd Taiyuan030006 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300178

Drawing on extant literature on hexapod robots, we present a novel obstacle-crossing hexapod robot that can adapt to multiple terrains. We designed the robot's entire mechanical structure, established a mathematical model for the robot leg, deduced the kinematic equation of the leg, and determined the relationship between the robot's motion speed and the motor angle. Through force analysis of the C-shaped leg, we obtained the function between motor output torque and motion phase. Subsequently, we constructed the physical hexapod robot and conducted performance testing. Our experimental results demonstrate that the hexapod robot can move at a speed of 0.5 m/s and successfully cross a 10 cm obstacle. The robot exhibits excellent movement performance and satisfies the functional requirements. Overall, our design offers a promising approach for developing hexapod robots that can navigate a variety of terrains. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Machine design

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Enhancing Precision Agriculture Through Human-in-the-Loop Planning and Control

Enhancing Precision Agriculture Through Human-in-the-Loop Pl...

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IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Shankar A. Deka Sujet Phodapol Andreu Matoses Gimenez Victor Nan Fernandez-Ayala Rufus Wong Pian Yu Xiao Tan Dimos V. Dimarogonas Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation School of Electrical Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland Division of Decision and Control Systems School of EECS Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm Sweden Department of Cognitive Robotics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering TU Delft Delft Netherlands Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350358513

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358520

In this paper, we introduce a ROS based framework designed for the planning and control of robotic systems within the context of precision agriculture, with an emphasis on human-in-the-loop capabilities. Utilizing Linear Temporal Logic to articulate complex task specifications, our algorithm creates high-level robotic plans that are not only correct by design but also adaptable in real time by human operators. This dual-focus approach ensures that while humans have the flexibility to modify the high-level plan on-the-fly or even take over low-level control of the robots, the system inherently safeguards against any human actions that could potentially breach the predefined task specifications. We demonstrate our algorithm within the dynamic and challenging environment of a real vineyard, where the collaboration between human workers and robots is critical for tasks such as harvesting and pruning, and show the practical applicability and robustness of our software. This work marks a pioneering application of formal methods to complex, real-world agricultural environments.

关键词： Precision agriculture Heuristic algorithms Software algorithms Robustness Human in the loop Software Real-time systems Planning Robots Multi-agent systems

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