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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Maestro, P. Akaike, Y. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Aomori Hirosaki036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto U

We present the measurement of the energy spectrum of the boron flux in cosmic rays based on the data collected by the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) during 7.25 years of operation on the International Space Station. The energy spectrum is measured from 8.4 GeV/n to 3.8 TeV/n with an all calorimetric instrument with a total thickness corresponding to 1.3 nuclear interaction length and equipped with charge detectors capable of single element resolution. The observed boron flux shows a spectral hardening at the same transition energy E0 ∼ 200 GeV/n of the carbon and oxygen spectra, though B flux has a different energy dependence with respect to C and O. Within the limitations of our data’s present statistical significance, the boron spectral index change is found to be slightly larger than that of carbon and oxygen, which are similar. A corresponding break in the energy dependence of the B/C and B/O flux ratios also supports the idea that the secondary cosmic rays exhibit a stronger hardening than primary ones. Moreover, interpreting our data with a Leaky Box model, we argue that the trend of the energy dependence of the B/C and B/O ratios in the TeV/n region could suggest a possible presence of a residual propagation path length, compatible with the hypothesis that a fraction of secondary B nuclei can be produced near the cosmic-ray source. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Feasibility study on an analysis of CR helium flux with the CALET detector based on an extended acceptance 38

Feasibility study on an analysis of CR helium flux with the ...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Mattiazzi, M. Brogi, P. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyot

In this work, we present a feasibility study aiming at a measurement of the cosmic ray (CR) helium flux utilizing CALET data with a significantly enhanced statistical precision. It is based on a wider geometrical acceptance compared to the current CALET analysis while ensuring a correct identification of charged particles crossing the detector. The expected statistical enhancement for the all-acceptance configuration is nearly a factor of two compared to the previous analysis, over the entire energy range from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV. Preliminary assessment of efficiencies and background sources has been carried out based on energy-dependent charge selections. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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A novel carbon electrode for up-scaling flexible perovskite solar cells

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Applied Materials Today 2023年 34卷

作者： Passatorntaschakorn, Woraprom Khampa, Warunee Musikpan, Wongsathon Bhoomanee, Chawalit Ngamjarurojana, Athipong Rimjaem, Sakhorn Gardchareon, Atcharawon Rodwihok, Chatchai Kim, Han S. Khambunkoed, Nutcha Supruangnet, Ratchadaporn Nakajima, Hideki Srathongsian, Ladda Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn Intaniwet, Akarin Kaewprajak, Anusit Kumnorkaew, Pisist Goubard, Fabrice Ruankham, Pipat Wongratanaphisan, Duangmanee Department of Physics and Materials Science Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200 Thailand Research Unit for Development and Utilization of Electron Linear Accelerator and Ultrafast Infrared/Terahertz Laser Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200 Thailand Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Bangkok10400 Thailand Civil and Environmental Engineering Konkuk University 120 Neungdong-ro Seoul Gwangjin-gu05029 Korea Republic of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Synchrotron Light Research Institute Nakhon Ratchasima30000 Thailand School of Materials Science and Innovation Faculty of Science Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73170 Thailand School of Renewable Energy Maejo University Chiang Mai50290 Thailand 111 Thailand Science Park Pathum Thani12120 Thailand CY Cergy Paris Université LPPI F-95000 Cergy France

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) possess the beneficial attributes of a simple fabrication process, superior stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, flexible C-PSCs have a relatively lower device efficiency when compared to rigid C-PSCs, the reason for which is mainly the poor interface contact between the hole transporting layer (HTL) and the carbon electrode. Herein, a novel carbon electrode (C-rCP) grafted by reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) composites, is prepared using a modified, room-temperature ethanol solvent interlacing process with a magnetic stirring. Owing to a simple press transfer method used, C-rCP is well suited as counter electrodes of C-PSCs due to their lower sheet resistance;higher density;excellent bendability;suitable thickness;great self-adhesion;and appropriate energy band arrangement that can improve carrier transport, as well as enhance the HTL/carbon interface contact. The best flexible C-PSCs with an area of 0.04 cm2 achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.34%. Furthermore, PCEs of 8.80% and 21.61% based flexible C-PSCs with an area of 1.00 cm2 are achieved under 1 sun and 1000 lux illuminations, respectively. The introduction of this C-rCP offers an effective method of up-scaling and developing flexible and rigid C-PSCs for future eco-commercialization. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Perovskite solar cells

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Enhancing sustainability in manufacturing: A case study on reducing changeover time through single minute exchange of dies and risk analysis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3050卷

作者： Harnam Singh Farwaha Prem Singh Mukesh Kumar Nishant Ranjan Harpreet Kaur Department of Mechanical & Production Engineering Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Ludhiana INDIA Industrial & Production Eng. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering & University Centre for Research & Development Chandigarh University Mohali INDIA Department of Computer Science Engineering Guru Nanak Dev Polytechnic College Ludhiana INDIA

The method that is most frequently utilised to speed up changeover is known as Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED). SMED helps shorten lead times and boost system flexibility so that the unit may react rapidly to changes in market trends or customer requests. To achieve positive outcomes, SMED must be implemented effectively. Instead of shifting internal operations to external activities, more emphasis needs to be placed on streamlining and simplifying existing activities. In the food processing business, where cleaning various parts was the primary task during the changeover, this study concentrated on the application of SMED. Before the deployment of SMED, operator-specific time studies were carried out at two separate stations (Station A & Station B), and observed actions were critically examined while using the ECRS tool. Failure mode effect analysis (FMEA), which prioritises potential risks that could lengthen changeover times, was incorporated into the procedure. Based on risk analysis, twelve root causes were prioritised, and an action plan was created while considering risk analysis trends. To benefit, rapid fixes and other changes were made when necessary. At stations A and B, the results of a post-SMED time analysis showed a reduction in changeover time of 35.54% and 49.94%, respectively. The production unit’s overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) improved to 0.89.

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Laplacian-based 3D mesh simplification with feature preservation

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2019年第2期10卷 64-82页

作者： Wei Lyu Wei Wu Lin Zhang Zhaohui Wu Zhong Zhou State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 P.R.China Generic Technology Center Systems Engineering Research Institute Beijing 100036 P.R.China Transportation Basic Research and Applied Innovation Center China Academy of Transportation Sciences Beijing 100029 P.R.China

We propose a novel Laplacian-based algorithm that simplifies triangle surface meshes and can provide different preservation ratios of geometric *** efficient and fast algorithm uses a 3D mesh model as input and initially detects geometric features by using a Laplacian-based shape descriptor(L-descriptor).The algorithm further performs an optimized clustering approach that combines a Laplacian operator with K-means clustering algorithm to perform vertex ***,we introduce a Laplacian weighted cost function based on L-descriptor to perform feature weighting and error statistics comparison,which are further used to change the deletion order of the model elements and preserve the saliency *** algorithm can provide different preservation ratios of geometric features and may be extended to handle arbitrary mesh *** experiments on a variety of 3D surface meshes demonstrate the advantages of our algorithm in terms of improving accuracy and applicability,and preserving saliency geometric features.

关键词： Mesh simplification L-descriptor feature weighting feature metric feature preservation

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An Early Stage researcher's Primer on systems Medicine Terminology

Network and Systems Medicine

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Network and systems Medicine 2021年第1期4卷 2-50页

作者： Zanin, Massimiliano Aitya, Nadim A.A. Basilio, José Baumbach, Jan Benis, Arriel Behera, Chandan K. Bucholc, Magda Castiglione, Filippo Chouvarda, Ioanna Comte, Blandine Dao, Tien-Tuan Ding, Xuemei Pujos-Guillot, Estelle Filipovic, Nenad Finn, David P. Glass, David H. Harel, Nissim Iesmantas, Tomas Ivanoska, Ilinka Joshi, Alok Boudjeltia, Karim Zouaoui Kaoui, Badr Kaur, Daman Maguire, Liam P. McClean, Paula L. McCombe, Niamh De Miranda, João Luís Moisescu, Mihnea Alexandru Pappalardo, Francesco Polster, Annikka Prasad, Girijesh Rozman, Damjana Sacala, Ioan Sanchez-Bornot, Jose M. Schmid, Johannes A. Sharp, Trevor Solé-Casals, Jordi Spiwok, Vojtěch Spyrou, George M. Stalidzans, Egils Stres, Blaa Sustersic, Tijana Symeonidis, Ioannis Tieri, Paolo Todd, Stephen Van Steen, Kristel Veneva, Milena Wang, Da-Hui Wang, Haiying Wang, Hui Watterson, Steven Wong-Lin, Kongfatt Yang, Su Zou, Xin Schmidt, Harald H.H.W. Centro de Tecnología Biomédica Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Intelligent Systems Research Centre School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Ulster University Ulster United Kingdom Center for Physiology and Pharmacology Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany Holon Israel CNR National Research Council IAC Institute for Applied Computing Rome Italy Lab of Computing Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE UNH Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme MetaboHUB Clermont Clermont-Ferrand France Université de Technologie de Compiègne Compiègne France Labex MS2T Control of Technological Systems-of-Systems CNRS and Université de Technologie de Compiègne Compiègne France Faculty of Engineering University of Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia Kragujevac Serbia Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies Institute Doo Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland School of Computing Ulster University Ulster United Kingdom Holon Israel Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia Medicine Faculty Université Libre de Bruxelles CHU de Charleroi Charleroi Belgium Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University Ulster United Kingdom Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre Portalegre Portugal Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers University Politehnica of B

Background: systems Medicine is a novel approach to medicine, that is, an interdisciplinary field that considers the human body as a system, composed of multiple parts and of complex relationships at multiple levels, and further integrated into an environment. Exploring systems Medicine implies understanding and combining concepts coming from diametral different fields, including medicine, biology, statistics, modeling and simulation, and data science. Such heterogeneity leads to semantic issues, which may slow down implementation and fruitful interaction between these highly diverse fields. Methods: In this review, we collect and explain more than100 terms related to systems Medicine. These include both modeling and data science terms and basic systems medicine terms, along with some synthetic definitions, examples of applications, and lists of relevant references. Results: This glossary aims at being a first aid kit for the systems Medicine researcher facing an unfamiliar term, where he/she can get a first understanding of them, and, more importantly, examples and references for digging into the topic. © Massimiliano Zanin et al., 2021;Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2021.

关键词： Semantics

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Programmable threshold sensing in wireless devices using Ising dynamics

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Nature Electronics 2025年 1-8页

作者： Nicolas Casilli Hussein M. E. Hussein Ryan Tetro Luca Colombo Matteo Rinaldi Cristian Cassella Seunghwi Kim Andrea Alù Philip X.-L. Feng Institute for Nano Systems Innovation (NanoSI) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York City NY USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York City NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Ising machines—comprising dissipatively coupled nodes capable of emulating the behaviour of ferromagnetic spins—can form analogue computing engines that surpass the sequential processing constraints of von Neumann architectures. However, the incorporation of Ising dynamics into radio-frequency wireless technologies remains limited, especially in terms of their potential to enhance wireless sensing capabilities. Here we report a passive wireless sensor that uses Ising dynamics to accurately implement threshold sensing. The device correlates the occurrence of violations in a sensed parameter with transitions in the coupling state of two parametric oscillators acting as Ising spins. As a result, the accuracy of the device is unaffected by distortions in its input and output signals due to multipath and is less prone to clutter caused by co-site interference. We illustrate the potential of the approach in temperature threshold sensing using a microfabricated lithium niobate microelectromechanical temperature sensor to couple two radio-frequency parametric oscillators, and show that such a system allows the sensor threshold to be wirelessly reprogrammed.

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Cultural Differences in Students' Privacy Concerns in Learning Analytics across Germany, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the United States

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Viberg, Olga Kizilcec, René F. Jivet, Ioana Monés, Alejandra Martínez Oh, Alice Mutimukwe, Chantal Hrastinski, Stefan Scheffel, Maren School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Lindstedsvägen 3 Stockholm10044 Sweden Department of Information Science Cornell University 107 Hoy Rd IthacaNY14853 United States DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education Rostocker Straße 6 Frankfurt am Main60323 Germany Scuela de Ingeniería Informática Valladolid University Paseo de Belén 15 Valladolid47011 Spain 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Department of Computer and Systems Science Stockholm University NOD-huset Borgarfjordsgatan 12 Kist Stockholm164 55 Sweden Department of Learning and Engineering Sciences KTH Royal Institute of Technology Osquars backe 31 Stockholm10044 Sweden Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 BochumD - 44801 Germany

Applications of learning analytics (LA) can raise concerns from students about their privacy in higher education contexts. Developing effective privacy-enhancing practices requires a systematic understanding of students' privacy concerns and how they vary across national and cultural dimensions. We conducted a survey study with established instruments to measure privacy concerns and cultural values for university students in five countries (Germany, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the United States;N = 762). The results show that students generally trusted institutions with their data and disclosed information as they perceived the risks to be manageable even though they felt somewhat limited in their ability to control their privacy. Across the five countries, German and Swedish students stood out as the most trusting and least concerned, especially compared to US students who reported greater perceived risk and less control. Students in South Korea and Spain responded similarly on all five privacy dimensions (perceived privacy risk, perceived privacy control, privacy concerns, trusting beliefs, and non-self-disclosure behavior), despite their significant cultural differences. Culture measured at the individual level affected the antecedents and outcomes of privacy concerns. Perceived privacy risk and privacy control increase with power distance. Trusting beliefs increase with a desire for uncertainty avoidance and lower masculinity. Non-self-disclosure behaviors rise with power distance and masculinity, and decrease with more uncertainty avoidance. Thus, cultural values related to trust in institutions, social equality and risk-taking should be considered when developing privacy-enhancing practices and policies in higher education. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Students

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A new smart-cropping pipeline for prostate segmentation using deep learning networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zaridis, Dimitrios G. Mylona, Eugenia Tachos, Nikolaos S. Marias, Kostas Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Tsiknakis, Manolis Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. The Dept. of Biomedical Research FORTH-IMBB Ioannina Greece The Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina IoanninaGR 45110 Greece The Institute of Computer Science FORTH Heraklion Greece The Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Greece The Centre for the Unknown Champalimaud Foundation Clinical Computational Imaging Group Lisbon Portugal Crete Heraklion Greece The Dept. of Biomedical Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology FORTH Ioannina Greece The Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems University of Ioannina IoanninaGR 45110 Greece

Prostate segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a challenging task. In recent years, several network architectures have been proposed to automate this process and alleviate the burden of manual annotation. Although the performance of these models has achieved promising results, there is still room for improvement before these models can be used safely and effectively in clinical practice. One of the major challenges in prostate MR image segmentation is the presence of class imbalance in the image labels where the background pixels dominate over the prostate. In the present work we propose a DL-based pipeline for cropping the region around the prostate from MRI images to produce a more balanced distribution of the foreground pixels (prostate) and the background pixels and improve segmentation accuracy. The effect of DL-cropping for improving the segmentation performance compared to standard center-cropping is assessed using five popular DL networks for prostate segmentation, namely U-net, U-net+, Res Unet++, Bridge U-net and Dense U-net. The proposed smart-cropping outperformed the standard center cropping in terms of segmentation accuracy for all the evaluated prostate segmentation networks. In terms of Dice score, the highest improvement was achieved for the Unet+ and ResU-net++ architectures corresponding to 8.9% and 8%, respectively. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Microsystems for biofilm characterization and sensing - A review (vol 2, 100015, 2020)

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BIOFILM 2020年 2卷 100015页

作者： Subramanian, Sowmya MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD USA Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices University of Maryland College Park MD USA

Biofilms are the primary cause of clinical bacterial infections and are impervious to typical amounts of antibiotics, necessitating very high doses for elimination. Therefore, it is imperative to have suitable methods for characterization to develop novel methods of treatment that can complement or replace existing approaches using significantly lower doses of antibiotics. This review presents some of the current developments in microsystems for characterization and sensing of bacterial biofilms. Initially, we review current standards for studying biofilms that are based on invasive and destructive end-point biofilm characterization. Additionally, biofilm formation and growth is extremely sensitive to various growth and environmental parameters that cause large variability in biofilms between repeated experiments, making it very difficult to compare experimental repeats and characterize the temporal characteristics of these organisms. To address these challenges, recent developments in the field have moved toward systems and miniature devices that can aid in the non-invasive characterization of bacterial biofilms. Our review focuses on several types of microsystems for biofilm evaluation including optical, electrochemical, and mechanical systems. This review will show how these devices can lead to better understanding of the physiology and function of these communities of bacteria, which can eventually lead to the development of novel treatments that do not rely on high-dosage antibiotics.

关键词： Biofilm Microsystems Sensors Microfluidics

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