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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Cannady, Nicholas Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a deep electromagnetic calorimeter designed for the measurement of cosmic-ray electrons on the International Space Station. Deployed on the Exposed Facility of the Japanese Experiment Module since August 2015, it observes cosmic-ray electrons with energies up to above 10 TeV and hadrons up to PeV total energies. It is also sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range from 1 GeV to 1 TeV. At energies above 100 GeV, sensitivity is lost in the gamma-ray selection as previously defined. This is due in large part to the contamination of the charge measurement in the CHD (Charge Detector) and the IMC (Imaging Calorimeter) by backscattered particles from the electromagnetic shower in the TASC (Total Absorption Calorimeter). In this work, we implement a revision to the photon selection criteria using a significantly increased simulated dataset, increasing CALET’s exposure at these energies significantly. Furthermore, the allowable geometry for incident photons is expanded and the energy reconstruction revised to tighten the energy resolution for highly inclined tracks. We validate the distributions used for the selection through comparison with real data, evaluate the changes to the instrument response functions, and assess the implications for the flight data analysis of gamma rays with CALET. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Results of the Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the International Space Station 38

Results of the Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Zober, Wolfgang V. Rauch, Brian F. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Te

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched to the ISS in August 2015 and in continuous operation since, measures cosmic-ray (CR) electrons, nuclei, and gamma rays. CALET, with its 27 radiation length deep Total Absorption Calorimeter (TASC), measures particle energy, allowing for the determination of spectra and secondary to primary ratios of the more abundant CR nuclei through 28Ni, while the main charge detector (CHD) can measure Ultra-Heavy (UH) CR nuclei through 40Zr. Previous CALET UHGCR analyses used a special high duty cycle (∼90%) UH trigger that does not require passage through the TASC and used time- and position-dependent detector response corrections based on 14Si and 26Fe and an angle-dependent geomagnetic cutoff rigidity selection to show abundances of even nuclei in agreement with SuperTIGER and ACE-CRIS. The work shown here further improves upon those results by restricting UH events to those that pass through both the TASC and CHD. While this constraint does reduce the number of events to ∼1/6 of the original UH trigger analysis, the loss of statistics is compensated by improvements in event selection from an energy-binned charge determination and minimum deposited energy that substitutes for the previous minimum geomagnetic rigidity selection. The results shown here represent 7 years of observation for the abundances of elements from Z=10 to Z=40 relative to 26Fe and are compared to previous measurements from ACE-CRIS, SuperTIGER, and HEAO-3. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Iron and Nickel fluxes measured by CALET on the International Space Station 38

Iron and Nickel fluxes measured by CALET on the Internationa...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Stolzi, Francesco Checchia, Caterina Bigongiari, Gabriele Akaike, Yosui Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorat Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The study of the spectral behavior of heavy cosmic-ray elements may shed light on the details of propagation and acceleration phenomena in our Galaxy. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is measuring the spectra of heavy nuclei up to the highest directly observed energies on the International Space Station. In this contribution, based on the data collected during 7 years of operation, the measurement of the energy dependence of iron and nickel fluxes is presented. With respect to our previous published measurements, the analysis has been extended to a data sample enriched with more than 2.5 (1.5) extra years for iron (nickel). The results of the new analysis are reported together with a detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties. In the energy range explored so far, both spectra show a similar shape and energy dependence, suggesting that iron and nickel may follow almost identical acceleration and propagation mechanisms. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Covert Outage Analysis for Random Wireless Networks Under Warden Collusion

Covert Outage Analysis for Random Wireless Networks Under Wa...

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International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)

作者： Shuangrui Zhao Jia Liu Yulong Shen Xiaohong Jiang School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Xian China Center for Cybersecurity Research and Development National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan School of Systems Information Science Future University Hakodate Hakodate Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781728189543

ISBN: (纸本)9781728189550

As a strong complement to the traditional encryption and physical layer security techniques, covert communication is a promising new technology that can hide the information transmission itself to achieve communication security. This paper focuses on the covert communication in a multi-antenna-aided random wireless network, where a multi-antenna source communicates with a single-antenna destination against multiple single-antenna interferers and wardens. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the covert outage performance under warden collusion. To be specific, we first analyze the average detection probabilities for the n-colluding wardens scenario, where any n wardens can combine their available observations to detect transmission. By employing the techniques of convolution and Laplace transform, we then derive the covert outage probability to characterize the covertness of the communication. Finally, we provide numerical results to illustrate our theoretical findings.

关键词： Laplace equations Convolution Wireless networks Probability Physical layer security Power system reliability Security

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Interpretation of the CALET Electron+Positron Spectrum by Astrophysical Sources 38

Interpretation of the CALET Electron+Positron Spectrum by As...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Motz, Holger Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The ISS-based Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is directly measuring the energy spectrum of electron+positron cosmic rays up to 20 TeV. Supernova remnants (SNR) are the most likely astrophysical sources to provide the majority of the electron flux, out of which a few nearby young SNR like Vela are expected to dominate in the TeV-region with potentially detectable spectral signatures. Another expected contribution to the spectrum is from pulsars as a primary positron-electron pair source for explanation of the positron excess. Complementary to the CALET all-electron spectrum, the positron-only spectrum measured by the magnet spectrometer AMS-02 below the TeV range provides detailed information on this component. An interpretation of the CALET and AMS-02 data by overlapping spectra from individual pulsar and SNR point sources is presented, combining sources known from electromagnetic wave observations with further randomly generated ones spread throughout the Galaxy. Based on the study of a large number of samples with randomized source locations and emission spectra parameters, best fitting ranges and constraints for these parameters, as well as predictions for the spectrum beyond the so far measured energy range have been derived. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Pulsars

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Observational Challenges on the ISS: A Case Study with CALET 38

Observational Challenges on the ISS: A Case Study with CALET

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Cannady, Nicholas Kawakubo, Yuta Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyot

The International Space Station (ISS) provides an orbital platform for astrophysical missions with lower resource requirements than free-flying satellites. The many uses of the ISS, how7 keVever, can produce unique challenges to the accurate analysis of the data acquired by these instruments. In this work, we present effects observed by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), an astroparticle physics mission installed on the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility of the ISS. The CALET calorimeter is sensitive to cosmic-ray electrons and gamma rays from 1 GeV up to above 10 TeV, and to cosmic-ray hadrons up to PeV total energies. The CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM) is sensitive to X-rays and low-energy gamma rays from 7 keV to 20 MeV. Furthermore, ultra-heavy galactic cosmic-ray (UHGCRs) abundances are measured by CALET using a much more open geometry than is possible for events which shower in the instrument. In this work, we discuss ISS-related issues that affect the observations by CALET. Here we detail the ways these effects are accounted for in the production of scientific results. Finally, the possible impact on future missions such as TIGERISS (Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder for the International Space Station;planned for deployment to the ISS in 2026) and mitigation strategies are discussed. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Results from CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) Observations of Gamma-rays on the International Space Station 38

Results from CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) Observa...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Mori, Masaki Cannady, Nicholas Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physical Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Noji Higashi Kusatsu525-8577 Japan Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki U

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) cosmic ray detector on the International Space Station (ISS) has been in operation since its launch in 2015. The main instrument, the CALorimeter (CAL), is optimized to observe high-energy electrons up to TeV energies, but its three-storied, composite and thick detector enable us to discriminate gamma rays from overwhelming background of charged cosmic rays. Thus, it is monitoring the gamma ray sky from 1 GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of about 2 sr, but the exposure is somewhat non-uniform because of the limitation imposed by the inclination angle (51.6 degree) of the ISS orbit. In this paper we report results from gamma ray observations obtained during its mission for more than seven years with increased statistics compared with previous reports. They include properties of the Galactic diffuse gamma rays, spectra of bright Galactic point sources, and light curves of extragalactic active galactic nuclei, which show good consistencies with Fermi-LAT observations of which energy range overlaps with CALET. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic ray detectors

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Acceleration of arithmetic processing with CAM-based massive-parallel SIMD matrix core

Acceleration of arithmetic processing with CAM-based massive...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Kyosuke Kageyama Kensuke Watanabe Akimitsu Hamai Takeshi Kumaki Tetsushi Koide Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering Ritsumeikan Univ. Shiga Japan Research Institute for Nanodevice and Bio Systems (RNBS) Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781728180588

ISBN: (纸本)9781728180595

Recently, several multimedia applications, such as digital image compression, digital video compression, and digital audio processing, are executed on the mobile devices. The processing core in the mobile device requires high performance and programmability. Generally, multimedia applications consist of repeated arithmetic operation and table-lookup coding operation. To improve the processing speed of the both operations on a processing core, Content Addressable Memory-based massive-parallel SIMD matrix core (CAMX) is proposed. The role of CAMX is an accelerator for mobile CPU core. CAMX has highly parallel processing capability and is configured by two CAM modules which are used in fast table-lookup operation. This paper shows that CAMX can process parallel repeated arithmetic operations and table-lookup coding operations assuming a 1.4 GHz operating frequency; AND, OR, XOR and ADD instructions can calculate 1,024 entries as 128-bit data in 0.34 GOPS (Giga Operations per Second) in parallel; search operation can search 1,024 entries as 128-bit data in 0.35 GOPS in parallel; multiplication can calculate 1,024 entries as 4-bit data in 0.34 GOPS in parallel. About multiplication processing, total clock cycle of table-lookup used processing is realized about 15 % lower than total clock cycle of bit-serial processing.

关键词： Clocks Image coding Mobile handsets computer architecture Streaming media Pipeline processing Performance evaluation

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Helium flux and its ratio to proton flux in cosmic rays measured with CALET on the International Space Station 38

Helium flux and its ratio to proton flux in cosmic rays meas...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Brogi, Paolo Kobayashi, K. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Ao

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space-based calorimetric instrument, designed to carry out precision measurements of high energy cosmic rays. Installed on the Japanese Experiment Module – Exposed Facility on the ISS, it is collecting data with excellent performance and no significant interruptions since October 2015. We present the results of a direct measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray helium, based on about 6.5 years of collected data. It shows significant deviations from a single power law with a progressive hardening around a few hundred GeV followed by a softening in the multi-TeV region. A measurement of the proton to helium flux ratio is also presented. Thanks to the recent update of the CALET proton flux with higher statistics, the p/He ratio is measured with high precision, extending the energy reach of previous measurements with magnetic spectrometers by more than one order of magnitude. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Have COVID Lockdowns Really Improved the Globalair Quality? –Hierarchical Observations from the Perspectives of Urban Agglomerations Using Atmospheric Reanalysis Data

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Das, Rahul Deb Bandopadhyay, Subhajit Ghosh, Subhasis Das, Mridul Chowdhury, Mousumi Sánchez, Alexander Cotrina Mitra, Chandana Kumar, Chandan Data Science & AI Elite Team IBM Germany Research & Development IBM Watson Center Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 6 Munich80807 Germany Geography and Environmental Science University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Department of Geosciences College of Sciences and Mathematics Auburn University AuburnAL United States Department of Geography Serampore College West Bengal India Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science & Technology Shibpur India Department for Innovation in Biological Agri-Food and Forest Systems Università degli Studi della Tuscia via san Camillo de Lellis snc Viterbo01100 Italy Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States

Steep rise in COVID-19 cases globally at the end of 2019 eventually imposed world-wide restrictions (also known as lockdowns) that forced people to shut down all non-essential public places and activities, industrial operations, and businesses to break the chain of viral transmission. Despite growing scientific literature claiming that there was significant improvements in air quality when lockdown measures were in place, authors found that most of such observations were limited to the core city limits or within a limited geographical extent only not considering the heavy anthropogenic activities outside the city boundaries where the major polluting hotspots i.e. heavy factories, power plants, and coal mines were operating 24x7 even during the lockdown period to maintain energy security. Therefore, this study quantified and re-analysed the air quality data using top-down approach. This study analysed six major air quality parameters namely SO2, O3, NO2, PM2.5, AOD500, and UAI. The time-averaged approach was adopted to analyse the data followed by ground validation. High variability and anomalies in air quality parameters were observed at different levels of observations (i.e. city level, country level etc.). However, it was found that during the lockdown period, PM2.5 and NO2 significantly dropped at the country level with few exceptions. Changes were also observed in AOD500, O3, and UAI concentrations from city to country scale. Mixed behaviours among the atmospheric pollutants were observed with changes in scale and time. This makes the claim about air quality improvements during COVID-19 lockdowns very relative to the scale of observation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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