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An Interpretable CNN for the Segmentation of the Left Ventricle in Cardiac MRI by Real-Time Visualization

computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第5期135卷 1571-1587页

作者： Jun Liu Geng Yuan Changdi Yang Houbing Song Liang Luo Robotics Institute School of Computer ScienceCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15217USA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering College of EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory(SONG Lab) Embry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFL32114USA School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China

The interpretability of deep learning models has emerged as a compelling area in artificial intelligence *** safety criteria for medical imaging are highly stringent,and models are required for an ***,existing convolutional neural network solutions for left ventricular segmentation are viewed in terms of inputs and ***,the interpretability of CNNs has come into the *** medical imaging data are limited,many methods to fine-tune medical imaging models that are popular in transfer models have been built using massive public Image Net datasets by the transfer learning ***,this generates many unreliable parameters and makes it difficult to generate plausible explanations from these *** this study,we trained from scratch rather than relying on transfer learning,creating a novel interpretable approach for autonomously segmenting the left ventricle with a cardiac *** enhanced GPU training system implemented interpretable global average pooling for graphics using deep *** deep learning tasks were *** included data management,neural network architecture,and *** system monitored and analyzed the gradient changes of different layers with dynamic visualizations in real-time and selected the optimal deployment *** results demonstrated that the proposed method was feasible and efficient:the Dice coefficient reached 94.48%,and the accuracy reached 99.7%.It was found that no current transfer learning models could perform comparably to the ImageNet transfer learning *** model is lightweight and more convenient to deploy on mobile devices than transfer learning models.

关键词： Interpretable graphics training visualization image segmentation left ventricle CNNs global average pooling

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Multi-Objective Transmission Expansion: An Offshore Wind Power Integration Case Study

IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation 2024年第4期2卷 519-535页

作者： Khanal, Saroj Graf, Christoph Liang, Zhirui Dvorkin, Yury Unel, Burcin Johns Hopkins University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BaltimoreMD21218 United States New York University School of Law Institute for Policy Integrity New YorkNY10012 United States StanfordCA94305 United States Johns Hopkins University Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Civil and Systems Engineering BaltimoreMD21218 United States

Despite ambitious offshore wind targets in the U.S. and globally, offshore grid planning guidance remains notably scarce, contrasting with well-established frameworks for onshore grids. This gap, alongside the increasing penetration of offshore wind and other clean-energy resources in onshore grids, highlights the urgent need for a coordinated planning framework. Our paper describes a multi-objective, multistage generation, storage and transmission expansion planning model to facilitate efficient and resilient large-scale adoption of offshore wind power. Recognizing regulatory emphasis and, in some cases, requirements to consider externalities, this model explicitly accounts for negative externalities: greenhouse gas emissions and local emission-induced air pollution. Utilizing an 8-zone ISO-NE test system and a 9-zone PJM test system, we explore grid expansion sensitivities such as impacts of optimizing Points of Interconnection (POIs) versus fixed POIs, negative externalities, and consideration of extreme operational scenarios. Our results indicate that accounting for negative externalities necessitates greater upfront investment in clean generation and storage (balanced by lower expected operational costs). Optimizing POIs could significantly reshape offshore topology or POIs, and lower total cost. Finally, accounting for extreme operational scenarios typically results in greater operational costs and sometimes may alter onshore line investment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Investments

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An Augmented Reality Application for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation Supported by a Robotic Arm 6

An Augmented Reality Application for Upper-Limb Rehabilitati...

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6th Experiment at International Conference, exp.at 2023

作者： Rodrigues, Jose Carlos Restivo, Maria Teresa Menezes, Paulo University of Porto LAETA-INEGI Faculty of Engineering Porto Portugal University of Porto LAETA-INEGI Porto Portugal A3ES Lisbon Portugal University of Coimbra Institute of Systems and Robotics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350314403

This work looks at the potential use of a robotic arm and augmented reality application, with a head-mounted display, in an upper-limb rehabilitation context. A sample application using a robotic simulator and a cross-sectional study using a real robotic arm are shown. Results from the usability evaluation are positive and encourage further development, but some identified problems must be corrected before further evaluations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Robotic arms

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Personalized Data-Driven State Models of the Circadian Dynamics in a Biometric Signal 46

Personalized Data-Driven State Models of the Circadian Dynam...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Ike, Chukwuemeka O. Wen, Yunshi Wen, John T. Oishi, Meeko M.K. Brown, Lee K. Julius, A. Agung Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering TroyNY United States Engineering Research Center TroyNY United States University of New Mexico Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AlbuquerqueNM United States University of New Mexico Department of Internal Medicine AlbuquerqueNM United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Circadian rhythms are endogenous 24-hour oscillations that are vital for maintaining our overall well-being. They are driven at a high level by a core circadian clock located in the brain, making their dynamics difficult to track. Various modeling approaches exist to predict the dynamics, but as the models are typically designed on population-level data, their performance is diminished on the individual level. This paper proposes a method for learning personalized latent state models, i.e., dynamical models that explicitly use latent state variables, that relate circadian input(s) to observable biometric signals. Our models combine an autoencoder with a recurrent neural network and use the pair to model the salient dynamics present in the data. We validate our method using experimental data, where the circadian input is light and the biometric data are actigraphy signals. We demonstrate that our method results in models with low-dimensional latent state that can accurately reconstruct and predict the observable biometric signals. Further, we show that the oscillation of the learned latent state agrees with the subjects' circadian clock oscillation as estimated with melatonin *** relevance - This proposes a technique for personal-ized modeling of the circadian system with potential applications in feedback control and individualized circadian studies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Feedback control

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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Intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton integrated with soft bioelectronics and deep learning for intention-driven augmentation

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 856-868页

作者： Jinwoo Lee Kangkyu Kwon Ira Soltis Jared Matthews Yoon Jae Lee Hojoong Kim Lissette Romero Nathan Zavanelli Youngjin Kwon Shinjae Kwon Jimin Lee Yewon Na Sung Hoon Lee Ki Jun Yu Minoru Shinohara Frank L.Hammond Woon-Hong Yeo Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Industrial Design Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30332USA Institute for Materials Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstitute for Robotics and Intelligent MachinesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

The age and stroke-associated decline in musculoskeletal strength degrades the ability to perform daily human tasks using the upper ***,we introduce an intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton system that utilizes deep learning to predict human intention for strength *** embedded soft wearable sensors provide sensory feedback by collecting real-time muscle activities,which are simultaneously computed to determine the user’s intended *** deep learning predicts four upper-limb joint motions with an average accuracy of 96.2%at a 500–550 ms response rate,suggesting that the exoskeleton operates just by human *** addition,an array of soft pneumatics assists the intended movements by providing 897 newtons of force while generating a displacement of 87mm at *** intent-driven exoskeleton can reduce human muscle activities by 3.7 times on average compared to the unassisted exoskeleton.

关键词： skeleton learning utilize

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Machine learning algorithms for predicting the risk of chronic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes patients: a retrospective longitudinal study

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第26期36卷 16545-16565页

作者： Chowdhury, Md Nakib Hayat Reaz, Mamun Bin Ibne Ali, Sawal Hamid Md Crespo, María Liz Cicuttin, Andrés Ahmad, Shamim Haque, Fahmida Bakar, Ahmad Ashrif A. Razak, Mohd Ibrahim Bin Shapiai Abd Bhuiyan, Mohammad Arif Sobhan Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Saidpur Cantonment Saidpur Nilphamari5310 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Independent University Bangladesh Dhaka Bashundhara Bangladesh Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra Kuala Lumpur54100 Malaysia Trieste34151 Italy Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Rajshahi Rajshahi6205 Bangladesh Artificial Intelligence Resource Molecular Imaging Branch National Cancer Institute BethesdaMD United States Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Selangor Bandar Sunsuria Sepang43900 Malaysia

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant concern for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), impacting their quality of life and healthcare costs. Identifying T1D patients at greater risk of developing CKD is crucial for preventive measures. However, it is challenging due to the asymptomatic progression of CKD and limited nephrologist availability in many countries. This study explores machine learning algorithms to predict CKD risk in T1D patients using ten years of retrospective data from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications clinical trial. Eleven machine learning algorithms were applied to twenty-two readily available features from T1D patients’ routine check-ups and self-assessments to develop 10-year CKD risk prediction models. In addition, we also proposed a heterogeneous ensemble model (STK) using a stacking generalization approach. The models’ performance was evaluated using different evaluation metrics and repeated stratified k-fold cross-validation. Several predictive models showed reliable performance in CKD risk prediction, with the proposed ensemble model being the best performing with an average accuracy of 0.97, specificity of 0.98, sensitivity/recall of 0.96, precision of 0.98, F1 score of 0.97, Kappa and MCC score of 0.94, AUROC of 0.99, and Precision-Recall curve of 0.99. The proposed machine learning approach could be applicable for CKD risk prediction in T1D patients to ensure the necessary precautions to overcome the risk. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Machine learning

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Human Detection Combining RGB and Thermal Modalities

Human Detection Combining RGB and Thermal Modalities

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Intelligent Reality (ICIR), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Chaymaa Fakrane Kennedy O. S. Mota Cristiano Premebida Rui P. Rocha Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering (DEEC) Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR) University of Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9798331534424

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534431

This paper addresses a late-fusion approach that combines RGB and thermal (long-wave IR) modalities to enhance human detection in indoor environments for robotic perception domains. The study explores multimodal human detection using YOLO series (v5s-6s and v8s-11s models), demonstrating significant improvements in detection accuracy under challenging lighting conditions on a dataset collected by a mobile robot. The use of a Weighted-Mean (WM) as a late-fusion approach demonstrates favorable results over more complex methods such as neural networks or SVM. The WM approach is simple to implement and has a low computational cost. Additionally, it is more interpretable and modular and allows straightforward adjustments to the weights of the YOLO models and thresholds, facilitating adaptation to the target system's specific needs. The experimental results indicate that the implemented late-fusion approach improves the baseline performance in terms of mean average precision.

关键词： YOLO Support vector machines Adaptation models Accuracy Computational modeling Neural networks Lighting Indoor environment Computational efficiency Mobile robots

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Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Human-Machine Fusion Decision-Making for Emergency Handling

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 4427-4433页

作者： Wu, Edmond Q. Li, Jianqiang Chen, Guimin Yuce, Mehmet R. Islam, Shafiqul Ser, Javier Del Yu, Hui Liu, Peter Xiaoping Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China College of Computer and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University MelbourneVIC3800 Australia Xavier University of Louisiana New OrleansLA70125 United States Tecnalia Institute Bizkaia48160 Spain School of Creative Technologies University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 2UP United Kingdom Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University OttawaONKIS 5B6 Canada

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Squid-inspired and wirelessly controllable display for active camouflage in aquatic-environment

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 900-909页

作者： Doyoung Kim Seung Won Seon Minkyung Shin Jihwan Kim Bogeun Kim Janghoon Joo Sang Uk Park Wooseok Kim Hee Kyu Lee Byeong Woon Lee Se Gi Lee Su Eon Lee Ji-Hun Seo Seung Ho Han Bong Hoon Kim Sang Min Won Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Smart Wearable Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978Republic of Korea Electronic Convergence Materials and Devices Research Center Korea Electronics Technology Institute(KETI)Seongnam 13509Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea

Achieving optimal camouflage in an aquatic environment necessitates the ability to modulate transmittance in response to the surrounding obscurity and potential *** adaptation involves a dynamic transition from transparency to a deep-blue color,especially in low-light or dark *** a strategy promotes a seamless assimilation with the surroundings,enabling the absorption of searchlights and,subsequently,diminishing the risk of detection by ***,the presence of sophisticated mechanisms that facilitates stable and efficient control of transmittance is imperative,enabling smooth transition between transparent and deep-blue hues within the aquatic *** study presents nature-inspired programmable camouflage system that integrates an electrochromic display as the primary transmittance change element and a wireless base module for power and data *** technology offers a robust and flexible construction,ensuring stable operation as demonstrated through mechanical-fatigue experiments and quantitative simulation.A custom circuit and a power-control software package enable active control of multiple electrochromic displays while submerged in water.

关键词： transparency submerged lights

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