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arXiv 2021年

作者： Peng, Hao Romero, Daniel M. Horvát, Emoke-Ágnes School of Information University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Center for the Study of Complex Systems University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan MI United States School of Communication Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Northwestern University Institute on Complex Systems EvanstonIL60208 United States

Retracted papers often circulate widely on social media, digital news and other websites before their official retraction. The spread of potentially inaccurate or misleading results from retracted papers can harm the scientific community and the public. Here we quantify the amount and type of attention 3,851 retracted papers received over time in different online platforms. Comparing to a set of non-retracted control papers from the same journals, with similar publication year, number of co-authors and author impact, we show that retracted papers receive more attention after publication not only on social media, but also on heavily curated platforms, such as news outlets and knowledge repositories, amplifying the negative impact on the public. At the same time, we find that posts on Twitter tend to express more criticism about retracted than about control papers, suggesting that criticism-expressing tweets could contain factual information about problematic papers. Most importantly, around the time they are retracted, papers generate discussions that are primarily about the retraction incident rather than about research findings, showing that by this point papers have exhausted attention to their results and highlighting the limited effect of retractions. Our findings reveal the extent to which retracted papers are discussed on different online platforms and identify at scale audience criticism towards them. In this context, we show that retraction is not an effective tool to reduce online attention to problematic papers. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Paper

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Predicting future cognitive decline with hyperbolic stochastic coding

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Jie Dong, Qunxi Shi, Jie Li, Qingyang Stonnington, Cynthia M. Gutman, Boris A. Chen, Kewei Reiman, Eric M. Caselli, Richard J. Thompson, Paul M. Ye, Jieping Wang, Yalin School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Arizona ScottsdaleAZ United States Armour College of Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL United States Banner Alzheimer’s Institute PhoenixAZ United States Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Arizona ScottsdaleAZ United States Imaging Genetics Center Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

Hyperbolic geometry has been successfully applied in modeling brain cortical and subcortical surfaces with general topological structures. However, such approaches, similar to other surface-based brain morphology analysis methods, usually generate high dimensional features. It limits their statistical power in cognitive decline prediction research, especially in datasets with limited subject numbers. To address the above limitation, we propose a novel framework termed as hyperbolic stochastic coding (HSC). We first compute diffeomorphic maps between general topological surfaces by mapping them to a canonical hyperbolic parameter space with consistent boundary conditions and extracts critical shape features. Secondly, in the hyperbolic parameter space, we introduce a farthest point sampling with breadth-first search method to obtain ring-shaped patches. Thirdly, stochastic coordinate coding and max-pooling algorithms are adopted for feature dimension reduction. We further validate the proposed system by comparing its classification accuracy with some other methods on two brain imaging datasets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression studies. Our preliminary experimental results show that our algorithm achieves superior results on various classification tasks. Our work may enrich surface-based brain imaging research tools and potentially result in a diagnostic and prognostic indicator to be useful in individualized treatment strategies. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Fast perception, planning, and execution for a robotic butler: Wheeled humanoid m-hubo

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lee, Moonyoung Heo, Yujin Park, Jinyong Yang, Hyun-Dae Jang, Ho-Deok Benz, Philipp Park, Hyunsub Kweon, In So Oh, Jun-Ho Humanoid Robot Research Center Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Robotics and Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of

As the aging population grows at a rapid rate, there is an ever growing need for service robot platforms that can provide daily assistance at practical speed with reliable performance. In order to assist with daily tasks such as fetching a beverage, a service robot must be able to perceive its environment and generate corresponding motion trajectories. This becomes a challenging and computationally complex problem when the environment is unknown and thus the path planner must sample numerous trajectories that often are sub-optimal, extending the execution time. To address this issue, we propose a unique strategy of integrating a 3D object detection pipeline with a kinematically optimal manipulation planner to significantly increase speed performance at runtime. In addition, we develop a new robotic butler system for a wheeled humanoid that is capable of fetching requested objects at 24% of the speed a human needs to fulfill the same task. The proposed system was evaluated and demonstrated in a real-world environment setup as well as in public exhibition. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile robots

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On the maintenance of an attached leading-edge vortex via model bird alula

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Linehan, Thomas Mohseni, Kamran Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Institute for Networked Autonomous Systems University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States

Researchers have hypothesized that the post-stall lift benefit of bird's alular feathers, or alula, stems from the maintenance of an attached leading-edge vortex (LEV) over their thin-profiled, outer hand-wing. Here, we investigate the connection between the alula and LEV attachment via flow measurements in a wind tunnel. We show that a model alula, whose wetted area is 1% that of the wing, stabilizes a recirculatory aft-tilted LEV on a steadily-translating unswept wing inclined at post-stall incidences. The attached vortex is the result of the alula's ability to smoothly merge otherwise separate leading- and side-edge vortical flows. We identify two key processes that facilitate this merging: i) the steering of spanwise vorticity generated at the wing's leading edge back to the wing plane and ii) an aft-located wall-jet of high-magnitude root-to-tip spanwise flow (>80% that of the freestream velocity). The latter feature induces LEV roll-up while the former feature tilts LEV vorticity aft and evacuates this ow toward the wing tip via an outboard vorticity flux. We identify the alula's streamwise position (relative to the leading-edge of the thin wing) as important for vortex steering and the alula's cant angle as important for high-magnitude spanwise flow generation. These findings advance our understanding of the likely ways bird's leverage LEVs to augment slow flight. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Birds

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Marangoni convection-driven laser fountains and waves on free surfaces of liquids

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lin, Feng Quraishy, Aamir Nasir Tong, Tian Li, Runjia Yang, Guang Mohebinia, Mohammadjavad Qiu, Yi Vishal, Talari Zhao, Junyi Zhang, Wei Zhong, Hong Zhang, Hang Zhou, Chaofu Tong, Xin Yu, Peng Hu, Jonathan Dong, Suchuan Liu, Dong Wang, Zhiming Schaibley, John R. Bao, Jiming Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ChengduSichuan610054 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Department of Physics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States School of Science Southwest Petroleum University ChengduSichuan610500 China Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Baylor University WacoTX76798 United States Department of Mathematics Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Physics Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States

It is well accepted that an outward Marangoni convection from a low surface tension region will make the surface depressed. Here, we report that this established perception is only valid for thin liquid films. Using surface laser heating, we show that in deep liquids a laser beam actually pulls up the fluid above the free surface generating fountains with different shapes. Whereas with decreasing liquid depth a transition from fountain to indentation with fountain-in-indentation is observed. Further, high-speed imaging reveals a transient surface process before steady elevation is formed, and this dynamic deformation is subsequently utilized to resonantly excite giant surface waves by a modulated laser beam. Computational fluid dynamics models reveal the underlying flow patterns and quantify the depth-dependent and time-resolved surface deformations. Our discoveries and techniques have upended the century-old perception and opened up a new regime of interdisciplinary research and applications of Marangoni-induced interface phenomena and optocapillary fluidic surfaces - the control of fluids with light. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Deformation

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Age of Information: An Introduction and Survey

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Yates, Roy D. Sun, Yin Richard Brown, D. Kaul, Sanjit K. Modiano, Eytan Ulukus, Sennur WINLAB ECE Department Rutgers University NJ United States Department of ECE Auburn University AuburnAL36849 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA01609 United States Wireless Systems Lab IIIT-Delhi India CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

We summarize recent contributions in the broad area of age of information (AoI). In particular, we describe the current state of the art in the design and optimization of low-latency cyberphysical systems and applications in which sources send time-stamped status updates to interested recipients. These applications desire status updates at the recipients to be as timely as possible;however, this is typically constrained by limited system resources. We describe AoI timeliness metrics and present general methods of AoI evaluation analysis that are applicable to a wide variety of sources and systems. Starting from elementary single-server queues, we apply these AoI methods to a range of increasingly complex systems, including energy harvesting sensors transmitting over noisy channels, parallel server systems, queueing networks, and various single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks. We also explore how update age is related to MMSE methods of sampling, estimation and control of stochastic processes. The paper concludes with a review of efforts to employ age optimization in cyberphysical applications. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Echo state graph neural networks with analogue random resistor arrays

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Shaocong Li, Yi Wang, Dingchen Zhang, Woyu Chen, Xi Dong, Danian Wang, Songqi Zhang, Xumeng Lin, Peng Gallicchio, Claudio Xu, Xiaoxin Liu, Qi Cheng, Kwang-Ting Wang, Zhongrui Shang, Dashan Liu, Ming Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK Centers Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Zhejiang310027 China Department of Computer Science University of Pisa Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented surge of interest, from social networks to drug discovery, in learning representations of graph-structured data. However, graph neural networks, the machine learning models for handling graph-structured data, face significant challenges when running on conventional digital hardware, including von Neumann bottleneck incurred by physically separated memory and processing units, slowdown of Moore's law due to transistor scaling limit, and expensive training cost. Here we present a novel hardware-software co-design, the random resistor array-based echo state graph neural network, which addresses these challenges. The random resistor arrays not only harness low-cost, nanoscale and stackable resistors for highly efficient in-memory computing using simple physical laws, but also leverage the intrinsic stochasticity of dielectric breakdown to implement random projections in hardware for an echo state network that effectively minimizes the training cost thanks to its fixed and random weights. The system demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on both graph classification using the MUTAG and COLLAB datasets and node classification using the CORA dataset, achieving 34.2×, 93.2×, and 570.4× improvement of energy efficiency and 98.27%, 99.46%, and 95.12% reduction of training cost compared to conventional graph learning on digital hardware, respectively, which may pave the way for the next generation AI system for graph learning. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Defect engineering of silicon with ion pulses from laser acceleration

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Redjem, Walid Amsellem, Ariel J. Allen, Frances I. Benndorf, Gabriele Bin, Jianhui Bulanov, Stepan Esarey, Eric Feldman, Leonard C. Fernandez, Javier Ferrer Lopez, Javier Garcia Geulig, Laura Geddes, Cameron R. Hijazi, Hussein Ji, Qing Ivanov, Vsevolod Kante, Boubacar Gonsalves, Anthony Meijer, Jan Nakamura, Kei Persaud, Arun Pong, Ian Obst-Huebl, Lieselotte Seidl, Peter A. Simoni, Jacopo Schroeder, Carl Steinke, Sven Tan, Liang Z. Wunderlich, Ralf Wynne, Brian Schenkel, Thomas Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Felix-Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics Department: Applied Quantum Systems Linnéstr. 5 LeipzigD-04103 Germany Rutgers University Department of Physics & Astronomy 136 Frelinghuysen Rd PiscatawayNJ08854 United States University of Seville Seville Facultad de Física Centro Nacional de Aceleradores Sevilla41092 Spain Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Nuclear Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Defect engineering is foundational to classical electronic device development and for emerging quantum devices. Here, we report on defect engineering of silicon single crystals with ion pulses from a laser accelerator with ion flux levels up to 1022 ions/cm2/s. Low energy ions from plasma expansion of the laser-foil target are implanted near the surface and then diffuse into silicon samples that were locally pre-heated by high energy ions. We observe low energy ion fluences of ~1016 cm-2, about four orders of magnitude higher than the fluence of high energy (MeV) ions. In the areas of highest energy deposition, silicon crystals exfoliate from single ion pulses. Color centers, predominantly W and G-centers, form directly in response to ion pulses without a subsequent annealing step. We find that the linewidths of G-centers increase in areas with high ion flux much more than the linewidth of W-centers, consistent with density functional theory calculations of their electronic structure. Laser ion acceleration generates aligned pulses of high and low energy ions that expand the parameter range for defect engineering and doping of semiconductors with tunable balances of ion flux, damage rates and local heating. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Density functional theory

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EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (XAI) 2.0: A MANIFESTO OF OPEN CHALLENGES AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Longo, Luca Brcic, Mario Cabitza, Federico Choi, Jaesik Confalonieri, Roberto Ser, Javier Del Guidotti, Riccardo Hayashi, Yoichi Herrera, Francisco Holzinger, Andreas Jiang, Richard Khosravi, Hassan Lecue, Freddy Malgieri, Gianclaudio Páez, Andrés Samek, Wojciech Schneider, Johannes Speith, Timo Stumpf, Simone The Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Load Research Lab Technological University Dublin Ireland University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Croatia University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant’Ambrogio Milan Italy Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology Korea Republic of INEEJI Corporation Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics University of Padua Italy Derio Spain Bilbao Spain University of Pisa Pisa Italy Department of Computer Science Meiji University Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence DaSCI Andalusian Institute in Data Science & Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Human-Centered AI Lab University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Sophia Antipolis France eLaw Center for Law and Digital Technologies Leiden University Netherlands Department of Philosophy Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Center for Research & Formation in Artificial Intelligence Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Department of Information Systems and Computer Science University of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Department of Philosophy University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Center for Perspicuous Computing Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany School of Computing Science University of Glasgow United Kingdom

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research with practical and ethical benefits across various domains. This paper not only highlights the advancements in XAI and its application in real-world scenarios but also addresses the ongoing challenges within XAI, emphasizing the need for broader perspectives and collaborative efforts. We bring together experts from diverse fields to identify open problems, striving to synchronize research agendas and accelerate XAI in practical applications. By fostering collaborative discussion and interdisciplinary cooperation, we aim to propel XAI forward, contributing to its continued success. Our goal is to put forward a comprehensive proposal for advancing XAI. To achieve this goal, we present a manifesto of 27 open problems categorized into nine categories. These challenges encapsulate the complexities and nuances of XAI and offer a road map for future research. For each problem, we provide promising research directions in the hope of harnessing the collective intelligence of interested stakeholders. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ethical technology

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Variational Learning of Beta-Liouville Hidden Markov Models for Infrared Action Recognition

Variational Learning of Beta-Liouville Hidden Markov Models ...

引用

IEEE/CVF Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops

作者： Samr Ali Nizar Bouguila Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Concordia University Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering Concordia University

ISBN: (数字)9781728125060

ISBN: (纸本)9781728125077

Infrared (IR) images are characterized by a lower sensitivity to lighting conditions than the visible spectrum. This opens the door to relatively untapped research potential of automatic recognition systems that are robust to shadows and variability in illumination levels or appearance. IR action recognition (AR) is one such application. It remains a fairly unexplored domain in IR. As such, in this paper, we propose the use of hidden Markov models (HMM) for IR AR. We also derive the mathematical model for the variational learning of Beta-Liouville (BL) HMMs. Next, we present the results of the proposed model on the Infrared Action Recognition (InfAR) dataset. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of HMMs to AR in the IR domain, and the first application of the BL HMMs to AR. Experimental results demonstrate promising results using different features extracted from the InfAR dataset.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Argon automated identification system iridium illumination level Infrared imaging Infrared radiation shadows Recognition (Psychology) Learning Mathematical Model

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