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npj Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期1卷 1-17页

作者： Shuang Zhou Jeremy Yeung Mingquan Lin Rui Zhang Zidu Xu Mian Zhang Chunpu Xu Jiashuo Wang Kaishuai Xu Yawen Guo Zaifu Zhan Yi Fang Sirui Ding Liqiao Xia Daochen Zha Dongming Cai Genevieve B. Melton Division of Computational Health Sciences Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA School of Nursing Columbia University New York New York USA Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR Department of Informatics University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Department of Computer Science New York University (Shanghai) Shanghai China Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR Independent Researcher San Francisco CA USA Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Institute for Health Informatics and Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Automatic disease diagnosis has become increasingly valuable in clinical practice. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence, with growing evidence supporting the efficacy of LLMs in diagnostic tasks. Despite the increasing attention in this field, a holistic view is still lacking. Many critical aspects remain unclear, such as the diseases and clinical data to which LLMs have been applied, the LLM techniques employed, and the evaluation methods used. In this article, we perform a comprehensive review of LLM-based methods for disease diagnosis. Our review examines the existing literature across various dimensions, including disease types and associated clinical specialties, clinical data, LLM techniques, and evaluation methods. Additionally, we offer recommendations for applying and evaluating LLMs for diagnostic tasks. Furthermore, we assess the limitations of current research and discuss future directions. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review for LLM-based disease diagnosis.

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Photo-assisted technologies for environmental remediation

Nature Reviews Clean Technology

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Nature Reviews Clean Technology 2025年第3期1卷 1-15页

作者： Bo Weng Jiangquan Lv Ning Han Bao-Lian Su Maarten Roeffaers Johan Hofkens Yongfa Zhu Shaobin Wang Wonyong Choi State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Electronics and Information Science Fujian Jiangxia University Fuzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Laboratory of Living Materials at the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China cMACS Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Chemical Engineering University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia Department of Energy Engineering Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH) Naju South Korea

Industrial processes can lead to air and water pollution, particularly from organic contaminants such as toluene and antibiotics, posing threats to human health. Photo-assisted chemical oxidation technologies leverage light energy to mineralize these contaminants. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms and efficiencies of photo-assisted advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment and photothermal technologies for air purification. The integration of solar energy enhances degradation efficiency and reduces energy consumption, enabling more efficient remediation methods. We evaluate the technological aspects of photo-assisted technologies, such as photo-Fenton, photo-persulfate activation, photo-ozonation and photoelectrochemical oxidation, emphasizing their potential for practical applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges in scaling up photo-assisted technologies for specific environmental remediation needs. Photo-assisted technologies have demonstrated effectiveness in environmental remediation, although large-scale applications remain constrained by high costs. Future potential applications of photo-assisted technologies will require that technology selection be tailored to specific pollution scenarios and engineering processes optimized to minimize costs.

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Corrigendum to “Relative planar strain control and minimizing deformation work in elastomeric sheets via reinforcing fiber arrays” [Compos. Sci. Technol. 142 (2017) 50–64]

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Composites Science and Technology 2019年 171卷 280-281页

作者： Michael Krieg Kamran Mohseni Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida USA Institute for Networked Autonomous Systems University of Florida USA Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering University of Florida USA

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Cascade Terminal Sliding Mode Control of a Deployable Cable Driven Robot

Cascade Terminal Sliding Mode Control of a Deployable Cable ...

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International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, and Automation

作者： S. A. Khalilpour R. Khorrambakht M. J. Harandi H. D. Taghirad Philippe Cardou Advanced Robotics and Automated Systems Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering K.N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Robotics Laboratory Laval University Quebec City QC Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728158150

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158167

Most control systems used for cable-driven parallel manipulators employ a simple inner control loop for controlling the driving force of the actuators. By this means the effects of some nonlinear uncertainties of the actuator and power transmission systems are significantly reduced, and in turn, this helps the outer user-specified position control loop to perform more accurately. However, this positive impact on performance relies on non achievable assumptions that the inner control loop is fast and accurate enough, and its dynamics can be totally ignored. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze the stability of the system as a whole, considering both inner and outer loop controllers. The outer loop controller proposed in here is a finite time robust sliding mode whose stability is analyzed through the Lyapunov direct method. A deployable cable-driven parallel robot, as the case study, is also considered in this paper, which is characterized by several intrinsic kinematic and dynamic uncertainties. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed robust controller is evaluated through some simulations and experiments in order to verify the effectiveness and the characteristics of the cascade controller structure in practice.

关键词： Robots Mathematical model Actuators Jacobian matrices Force Uncertainty Kinematics

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Flight control design for a highly flexible flutter demonstrator

Flight control design for a highly flexible flutter demonstr...

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AIAA Scitech Forum, 2019

作者： Luspay, Tamás Baár, Tamás Teubl, Dániel Vanek, Bálint Ossmann, Daniel Wüstenhagen, Matthias Pusch, Manuel Kier, Thiemo Waitman, Sérgio Iannelli, Andrea Marcos, Andres Lowenberg, Mark Systems and Control Lab Institute for Computer Science and Control Kende u 13-17 Budapest Hungary DLR German Aerospace Center Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics Wessling82234 Germany Aerospace Engineering Department University of Bristol University Walk BristolBS8 1TR United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9781624105784

ISBN: (纸本)9781624105784

The paper presents the control design approaches for the European research project FLEXOP. The ultimate goal is to develop and apply active flutter suppression and load alleviation techniques on an unmanned flying aircraft demonstrator. Due to the flexible wing of the aircraft new challenges rise for the control design: the traditional rigid body (baseline) control loops have to be augmented with flutter control laws. In our approach, the controllers are designed based on a dynamical model, which is briefly discussed first. Details of the baseline control design, as well as the two different flutter suppression algorithms are discussed in the paper. Hardware-in-the-Loop testing of the controllers are reported before the first test flights of the aircraft. © 2019, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Controllers

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MIXCAPS: A capsule network-based mixture of experts for lung nodule malignancy prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Afshar, Parnian Naderkhani, Farnoosh Oikonomou, Anastasia Rafiee, Moezedin Javad Mohammadia, Arash Plataniotis, Konstantinos N. Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada Department of Medical Imaging Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto Canada Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology McGill University Health Center- Research Institute Canada Babak Imaging Center Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoON Canada

Lung diseases including infections such as Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), together with Lung Cancer are significantly widespread and are, typically, considered life threatening. In particular, lung cancer is among the most common and deadliest cancers with a low 5-year survival rate. Timely diagnosis of lung cancer is, therefore, of paramount importance as it can save countless lives. In this regard, Computed Tomography (CT) scan is widely used for early detection of lung cancer, where human judgment is currently considered as the gold standard approach. Recently, there has been a surge of interest on development of automatic solutions via radiomics, as human-centered diagnosis is subject to inter-observer variability and is highly burdensome. Hand-crafted radiomics, serving as a radiologist assistant, requires fine annotations and pre-defined features. Deep learning radiomics solutions, however, have the promise of extracting the most useful features on their own in an end-to-end fashion without having access to the annotated boundaries. Among different deep learning models, Capsule Networks are proposed to overcome shortcomings of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) such as their inability to recognize detailed spatial relations. Capsule networks have so far shown satisfying performance in medical imaging problems. Capitalizing on their success, in this study, we propose a novel capsule network-based mixture of experts, referred to as the MIXCAPS. The proposed MIXCAPS architecture takes advantage of not only the capsule network’s capabilities to handle small datasets, but also automatically splitting dataset through a convolutional gating network. MIXCAPS enables capsule network experts to specialize on different subsets of the data. Our results show that MIXCAPS outperforms a single capsule network and a mixture of CNNs, with an accuracy of 92.88%, sensitivity of 93.2%, specificity of 92.3% and area under the curve of 0.963. Our e

关键词： Coronavirus

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Attention Mechanism Enhanced Kernel Prediction Networks for Denoising of Burst Images

Attention Mechanism Enhanced Kernel Prediction Networks for ...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Bin Zhang Shenyao Jin Yili Xia Yongming Huang Zixiang Xiong School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing P. R. China Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute Nanjing P. R. China Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Texas A&M University TX USA

ISBN: (数字)9781509066315

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066322

Deep learning based image denoising methods have been extensively investigated. In this paper, attention mechanism enhanced kernel prediction networks (AME-KPNs) are proposed for burst image denoising, in which, nearly cost-free attention modules are adopted to first refine the feature maps and to further make a full use of the inter-frame and intra-frame redundancies within the whole image burst. The proposed AME-KPNs output per-pixel spatially-adaptive kernels, residual maps and corresponding weight maps, in which, the predicted kernels roughly restore clean pixels at their corresponding locations via an adaptive convolution operation, and subsequently, residuals are weighted and summed to compensate the limited receptive field of predicted kernels. Simulations and real-world experiments are conducted to illustrate the robustness of the proposed AME-KPNs in burst image denoising.

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A 400 MHz, 8-Bit, 1.75-ps Resolution Pipelined-Two-Step Time-to-Digital Converter with Dynamic Time Amplification

A 400 MHz, 8-Bit, 1.75-ps Resolution Pipelined-Two-Step Time...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： Yuting Tu Rongjin Xu Dawei Ye Liangjian Lyu C.-J. Richard Shi State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China Institute of Brain-inspired Circuits and Systems (iBiCAS) Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle 98195 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728133201

ISBN: (纸本)9781728133218

This work proposes a high-speed pipelined-two-step time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a dynamic time amplification (DTA) to improve the resolution at low power. The key element of this TDC is the DTA. It samples the residual time errors as voltages held in the MOM capacitors and discharges them to generate the amplified time difference. Thanks to the dynamic time-voltage-time conversion, the DTA realizes high linearity and power efficiency, and can be employed to build a pipeline TDC architecture with high sampling frequency because of its sample and hold operation. Moreover, the DTA maintains constant gain, so only a one-time forground calibration for gain mismatch is required in this TDC. Simulations show that the TDC designed in 65 nm CMOS achieves 8-bit, 1.75 ps of time resolution, and 1 LSB INL and 1.6 LSB DNL with one-time foreground calibration at 400 MHz sampling frequency while just consuming 726 μW power, which corresponds to 18.45 fJ/Conv. FoM.

关键词： Delays Calibration Inverters Capacitors Linearity Tin

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Why botnets work: Distributed brute-force attacks need no synchronization

Why botnets work: Distributed brute-force attacks need no sy...

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作者： Salamatian, Salman Huleihel, Wasim Beirami, Ahmad Cohen, Asaf Medard, Muriel Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv6997801 Israel EA Digital Platform-Data and AI Electronic Arts Redwood CityCA94065 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba8410501 Israel

In September 2017, the McAfee Labs quarterly report estimated that brute-force attacks represent 20% of total network attacks, making them the most prevalent type of attack ex-aequo with browser-based vulnerabilities. These attacks have sometimes catastrophic consequences, and understanding their fundamental limits may play an important role in the risk assessment of password-secured systems and in the design of better security protocols. While some solutions exist to prevent online brute-force attacks that arise from one single IP address, attacks performed by botnets are more challenging. In this paper, we analyze these distributed attacks by using a simplified model. Our aim is to understand the impact of distribution and asynchronization on the overall computational effort necessary to breach a system. Our result is based on guesswork, a measure of the number of queries (guesses) before a correct sequence, such as a password, is found in an optimal attack. Guesswork is a direct surrogate for time and computational effort of guessing a sequence from a set of sequences with the associated likelihoods. We model the lack of synchronization by a worst-case optimization in which the queries made by multiple adversarial agents are received in the worst possible order for the adversary, resulting in a min-max formulation. We show that, even without synchronization, and for sequences of growing length, the asymptotic optimal performance is achievable by using randomized guesses drawn from an appropriate distribution. Therefore, randomization is key for the distributed asynchronous attacks. In other words, asynchronous guessers can asymptotically perform brute-force attacks as efficiently as synchronized guessers. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Botnet

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A Novel granular-based bi-clustering method of deep mining the co-expressed genes

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Xu, Kaijie Pedrycz, Witold Li, Zhiwu Quan, Yinghui Nie, Weike Xidian University Xian China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa China School of Information Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an China Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Traditional clustering methods are limited when dealing with huge and heterogeneous groups of gene expression data, which motivates the development of bi-clustering methods. Bi-clustering methods are used to mine bi-clusters whose subsets of samples (genes) are co-regulated under their test conditions. Studies show that mining bi-clusters of consistent trends and trends with similar degrees of fluctuations from the gene expression data is essential in bioinformatics research. Unfortunately, traditional bi-clustering methods are not fully effective in discovering such bi-clusters. Therefore, we propose a novel bi-clustering method by involving here the theory of Granular Computing. In the proposed scheme, the gene data matrix, considered as a group of time series, is transformed into a series of ordered information granules. With the information granules we build a characteristic matrix of the gene data to capture the fluctuation trend of the expression value between consecutive conditions to mine the ideal bi-clusters. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis, and show the excellent performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cluster analysis

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