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TechRxiv 2020年

作者： Hasan, Haya R. Salah, Khaled Jayaraman, Raja Arshad, Junaid Yaqoob, Ibrar Omar, Mohammed Ellahham, Samer Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University Birmingham United Kingdom Heart & Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

COVID-19 has emerged as a highly contagious disease which has caused a devastating impact across the world with a very large number of infections and deaths. Timely and accurate testing is paramount to an effective response to this pandemic as it helps identify infections and therefore mitigate (isolate/cure) them. In this paper, we investigate this challenge and contribute by presenting a blockchain-based solution that incorporates self-sovereign identity, re-encryption proxies, and decentralized storage, such as the interplanetary file systems (IPFS). Our solution implements digital medical passports (DMP) and immunity certificates for COVID-19 test-takers. We present smart contracts based on the Ethereum blockchain written and tested successfully to maintain a digital medical identity for test-takers that help in a prompt trusted response directly by the relevant medical authorities. We reduce the response time of the medical facilities, alleviate the spread of false information by using immutable trusted blockchain, and curb the spread of the disease through DMP. We present a detailed description of the system design, development, and evaluation (cost and security analysis) for the proposed solution. Since our code leverages the use of the on-chain events, the cost of our design is almost negligible. We have made our smart contract codes publicly available on Github. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： COVID-19

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Robot Force Control on a Beating Heart (22, pg 1736, 2017)

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IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS 2017年第6期22卷 2802-2802页

作者： Cortesao, Rui Dominici, Michel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

Cardiac interventions have to deal with several difficulties, where heart motion is a major one. This paper addresses the heart motion compensation problem under contact, relying on robot force control techniques. A double active observer (AOB) architecture is proposed to tackle precise force control in the presence of heart motion. One AOB controls the desired interaction force, and the other one is responsible for compensating heart motion autonomously. Three-degrees of freedom (DOF) force tracking on top of a beating heart is presented, showing that with the proposed control architecture, it is possible to have force controlled interventions with root mean square errors below 0.56 N (based on raw data). The 4-DOF whole arm manipulator (WAM) from Barrett Technologies is the medical arm, while another 3-DOF robot carrying an ex vivo heart generates heart motion based on recorded biosignals.

关键词： Heart Force Force control Robot sensing systems computer architecture Motion compensation

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Effective Rate over F Composite Fading Channels

Effective Rate over F Composite Fading Channels

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2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2019

作者： Sofotasios, Paschalis C. Yoo, Seong Ki Cotton, Simon L. Muhaidat, Sami Lopez-Martinez, F. Javier Romero-Jerez, Juan M. Karagiannidis, George K. Center for Cyber-Physical Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering Tampere University TampereFI-33101 Finland Institute of Electronics Communications and Information Technology Queen's University Belfast BelfastBT3 9DT United Kingdom Institute for Communication Systems University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Departmento de Ingenieria de Comunicaciones Universidad de Malaga Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech. Malaga29071 Spain Departmento de Tecnologia Electronica Universidad de Malaga Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech. Malaga29071 Spain Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ThessalonikiGR-51124 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781538676462

The F composite fading model was recently proposed as an accurate and tractable statistical model for the characterization of the composite fading conditions encountered in realistic wireless communication scenarios. In the present contribution we capitalize on the distinct properties of this composite model to evaluate the achievable effective rate over F composite fading channels. To this end, we derive an exact closed-form expression for the effective rate, which is subsequently used as a benchmark for the derivation of tight upper and lower bounds, as well as of an accurate approximation. The derived analytic expressions are provided in closed-form and benefit from being tractable both analytically and numerically. This enables the development of meaningful insights on the effect of fading conditions and/or latency on the overall system performance. Also, it allows the accurate quantification of the signal to noise ratio required in target quality of service requirements under different composite fading conditions. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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EEG microstates: Functional significance and short-term test-retest reliability

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Neuroimage: Reports 2022年第2期2卷 100089-100089页

作者： Antonova, Elena Holding, Martin Suen, Ho Chak Sumich, Alex Maex, Reinoud Nehaniv, Chrystopher Division of Psychology Department of Life Sciences College of Health Medicine and Life Sciences & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Brunel University London Kingston Lane Uxbridge UB8 3PH United Kingdom Department of Psychology Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London De Crespigny Park London SE5 8AF United Kingdom Department of Psychology School of Social Sciences Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare Street Nottingham NG1 4FQ United Kingdom Royal Society Wolfson Biocomputation Research Laboratory Centre for Computer Science and Informatics Research University of Hertfordshire College Lane Hatfield AL10 9AB United Kingdom Departments of Systems Design Engineering and Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue W Waterloo N2L 3G1 ON Canada

EEG microstates, reflecting discrete topographical organization of the EEG signal power, may have clinical relevance;however, their functional significance and test-retest reliability remain unclear. To investigate the functional significance of the canonical EEG microstate classes and their pairwise transitions, and to establish their within-session test-retest reliability, we recorded 36-channel EEGs in 20 healthy volunteers during three eyes-closed conditions: mind-wandering, verbalization (silently repeating the word ‘square’ every 2 s), and visualization (visualizing a square every 2 s). Each condition lasted 3 min and the sequence of three conditions was repeated four times (two runs of two sequence repetitions). The participants' alertness and their sense of effort during the experiment were rated using visual-analogue scales. The EEG data were 2–20 Hz bandpass-filtered and analysed into the four canonical microstate classes: A, B, C, and D. EEG microstate classes C and D were persistently more dominant than classes A and B in all conditions. Of the first-order microstate parameters, average microstate duration was most reliable. The duration of class D microstate was longer during mind-wandering (106.8 ms) than verbalization (102.2 ms) or visualization (99.8 ms), with a concomitantly higher coverage (36.4% vs. 34.7% and 35.2%), but otherwise there was no clear association of the four microstate classes to particular mental states. The test-retest reliability was higher at the beginning of each run, together with higher average alpha power and subjective ratings of alertness. Only the transitions between classes C and D (from C to D in particular) were significantly higher than what would be expected from the respective microstates' occurrences. The transition probabilities, however, did not distinguish between conditions, and their test-retest reliability was overall lower than that of the first-order parameters such as duration and coverage. Further studies

关键词： Biomarkers EEG microstates Mind-wandering Neuroimaging Resting-state EEG Resting-state networks

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Gradient Coding with Clustering and Multi-message Communication

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ozfatura, Emre Göndöz, Deniz Ulukus, Sennur Information Processing and Communications Lab Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park United States

Gradient descent (GD) methods are commonly employed in machine learning problems to optimize the parameters of the model in an iterative fashion. For problems with massive datasets, computations are distributed to many parallel computing servers (i.e., workers) to speed up GD iterations. While distributed computing can increase the computation speed significantly, the per-iteration completion time is limited by the slowest straggling workers. Coded distributed computing can mitigate straggling workers by introducing redundant computations;however, existing coded computing schemes are mainly designed against persistent stragglers, and partial computations at straggling workers are discarded, leading to wasted computational capacity. In this paper, we propose a novel gradient coding (GC) scheme which allows multiple coded computations to be conveyed from each worker to the master per iteration. We numerically show that the proposed GC with multi-message communication (MMC) together with clustering provides significant improvements in the average completion time (of each iteration), with minimal or no increase in the communication load. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gradient methods

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Robustness Of Stochastic Learning Dynamics To Player Heterogeneity In Games

Robustness Of Stochastic Learning Dynamics To Player Heterog...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Hassan Jaleel Waseem Abbas Jeff S. Shamma Department of Electrical Engineering Lahore University of Management Science (LUMS) Lahore Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Robotics Intelligent Systems & Control (RISC) Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781728113982

ISBN: (纸本)9781728113999

We investigate the impact of players with heterogeneous update rules on the long-term behavior of a population under stochastic learning dynamics. We show that under certain conditions, the presence of even a single heterogeneous player with a different decision making strategy can significantly alter the long-term behavior of the entire population. To quantify the impact of a heterogeneous player, we define a new notion of robustness of stochastic learning dynamics to player heterogeneity. Based on our proposed notion, an action profile that is stochastically stable under the standard setup is robust to player heterogeneity if it can still explain the long-run behavior of all the players other than the heterogeneous players. We consider two types of heterogeneous players: A confused player who randomly updates his actions and a stubborn player who never updates his action. For each of these types, we present a qualitative description of scenarios in which an action profile that is stochastically stable under the standard setup is not robust to the presence of a heterogeneous player of a particular type.

关键词： Robustness Stochastic processes Sociology Statistics Standards Games Resistance

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Design of Software Rejuvenation for CPS Security Using Invariant Sets

Design of Software Rejuvenation for CPS Security Using Invar...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Raffaele Romagnoli Bruce H. Krogh Bruno Sinopoli Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Pittsburgh PA USA CMU Software Engineering Institute Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University St. Louis MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538679012;9781538679265

Software rejuvenation has been proposed as a strategy to protect cyber-physical systems (CSPs) against unanticipated and undetectable cyber attacks. The basic idea is to refresh the system periodically with a secure and trusted copy of the online software so as to eliminate all effects of malicious modifications to the run-time code and data. This paper considers software rejuvenation design from a control-theoretic perspective. Invariant sets for the Lyapunov function for the safety controller are used to derive bounds on the time that the CPS can operate in mission control mode before the software must be refreshed. With these results it can be guaranteed that the CPS will remain safe under cyber attacks against the run-time system. The approach is illustrated using simulation of the nonlinear dynamics of a quadrotor system. The concluding section discusses directions for further research.

关键词： Software Safety Cyberattack Clocks Software algorithms Timing

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Prototype Framework of Low-Latency Collection of Multi-Point Video Stream over Multi-Hop Multi-Channel Wireless Network

Prototype Framework of Low-Latency Collection of Multi-Point...

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作者： Aung Myo Htut Juseong Kim JongWon Kim Chaodit Aswakul Wireless Network and Future Internet Research Unit Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Networked Computing Systems (NetCS) Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology

Big cities are facing heavy road traffic congestion. The main reason is the increasing number of vehicles beyond the road network capacity, which forces traffic police at times to be incapable of controlling the inevitable traffic jams. To resolve those traffic jams, traffic police need the near real-time information of the road network e.g. from traffic cameras. In this paper, a prototype framework of low-latency collection of multi-point video streams over a multi-hop multi-channel wireless network is proposed. Video frames are captured by Raspberry Pi cameras and sent by the wireless link to the herein-called IoT Concentrators. IoTCloud Hub then pulls and stores those video frames from the IoT Concentrators. Users（traffic police） can watch traffic videos from the display screen of the IoT-Cloud Hub. As a proof-of-concept implementation, two Pi Cameras have been set up with Apache Kafka Producers and two additional Raspberry Pi's have been set up as the IoT Concentrators, which run the leader and follower Apache Kafka Brokers. To complete our system, an Intel NUC as IoT-Cloud Hub and another Intel NUC as Orchestration-Hub have been also set up. We assume the available wired communication linkage between the Orchestration-Hub and the other devices. However, the links between the Pi Cameras, IoT Concentrators and IoT-Cloud Hub are wireless with Wi-Fi. To achieve a high performance, multiple Wi-Fi channels can be dynamically configured by the Orchestration-Hub to steer the VDO traffic（based on TCP） away from the congested channels. Based on the implementation prototype, the average TCP throughputs over all the wireless links have been improved by 56.046% on average, compared with the case without the dynamic Wi-Fi channel selection.

关键词： Apache Kafka Raspberry Pi video streaming wireless

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Systematic RISC-V based Firmware Design⋆

Systematic RISC-V based Firmware Design⋆

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Forum on Specification, Verification and Design Languages, FDL

作者： Vladimir Herdt Daniel Große Rolf Drechsler Christoph Gerum Alexander Jung Joscha-Joel Benz Oliver Bringmann Michael Schwarz Dominik Stoffel Wolfgang Kunz Institute of Computer Science University of Bremen Bremen Germany Embedded Systems Department Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

Small embedded devices are highly specialized plat forms that integrate several peripherals alongside the CPU core. Embedded devices extensively rely on Firmware (FW) to control and access the peripherals as well as other important functionality. This poses challenges to FW development since the FW must be adapted to each specific device configuration. Besides ensuring functional correctness to avoid errors and security vulnerabilities, an important design factor today is the control and adaptivity of a system with respect to non-functional properties, like for example application-specific timing budgets. Furthermore, optimizations of the FW and HW/SW interface play a very important role due to the tight resource constraints of small embedded devices. To satisfy these requirements new FW design methods are needed targeting FW generation, FW verification and FW *** paper presents such new methods to enable an early, efficient and systematic FW design taking the underlying HW architecture into account. We use the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) as a case study to demonstrate our methods.

关键词： Timing Pipelines Analytical models Optimization Context modeling Benchmark testing

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Efficient Computation of Log-likelihood Function in Clustering Overdispersed Count Data Using Multinomial Beta-Liouville Distribution

Efficient Computation of Log-likelihood Function in Clusteri...

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IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)

作者： Masoud Daghyani Nuha Zamzami Nizar Bouguila Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Concordia University Montreal QC Canada Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE) Concordia University Montreal QC Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728124858

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124865

In this paper, we present an overdispersed count data clustering algorithm, which uses the mesh method for computing the log-likelihood function, of the multinomial Beta-Liouville distribution (MBLD). In one of the recent research papers, the use of the mesh algorithm, which involves the approximation of the multinomial Dirichlet distribution's (MDD) log-likelihood function, based on the Bernoulli polynomials, has been proposed instead of using the traditional numerical computation of the log-likelihood function which either results in instability, or leads to long run times that make its use infeasible when modeling large-scale data. Therefore, we extend the mesh algorithm approach for computing the log likelihood function of the MBLD, which is a more flexible distribution. A finite mixture model based on MBLD, is optimized by expectation-maximization, and attempts to achieve a high accuracy for count data clustering. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, through a set of empirical experiments, that concern natural scenes categorization.

关键词： Mixture models Clustering algorithms Approximation algorithms Data models Computational modeling Manganese Maximum likelihood estimation

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