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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ozgunalp, Umar Fan, Rui Cheng, Shanshan Sun, Yuxiang Zuo, Weixun Zhu, Yilong Xue, Bohuan Zheng, Linwei Liang, Qing Liu, Ming Electrical and Electronics Engineering Cyprus International University North Cyprus Turkey Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong Hangzhou ATG Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd. Hangzhou China Guolu Gaoke Engineering Technology Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing China Robotics and Multiperception Laboratory Robotics Institute Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong

In this paper, a robust lane detection algorithm is proposed, where the vertical road profile of the road is estimated using dynamic programming from the v-disparity map and, based on the estimated profile, the road area is segmented. Since the lane markings are on the road area and any feature point above the ground will be a noise source for the lane detection, a mask is created for the road area to remove some of the noise for lane detection. The estimated mask is multiplied by the lane feature map in a bird's eye view (BEV). The lane feature points are extracted by using an extended version of symmetrical local threshold (SLT), which not only considers dark light dark transition (DLD) of the lane markings, like (SLT), but also considers parallelism on the lane marking borders. The segmentation then uses only the feature points that are on the road area. A maximum of two linear lane markings are detected using an efficient 1D Hough transform. Then, the detected linear lane markings are used to create a region of interest (ROI) for parabolic lane detection. Finally, based on the estimated region of interest, parabolic lane models are fitted using robust fitting. Due to the robust lane feature extraction and road area segmentation, the proposed algorithm robustly detects lane markings and achieves lane marking detection with an accuracy of 91% when tested on a sequence from the KITTI dataset. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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THz near-field imaging of extreme subwavelength metal structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Xinzhong Liu, Xiao Guo, Xiangdong Chen, Shu Hu, Hai Nikulina, Elizaveta Yao, Ziheng Betchel, Hans Martin, Michael C. Carr, G. Lawrence Dai, Qing Zhuang, Songlin Hu, Qing Zhu, Yiming Hillenbrand, Rainer Liu, Mengkun You, Guanjun Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical Systems Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Division of Nanophotonics CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing100190 China CIC nanoGUNE Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain CIC nanoGUNE UPV/EHU Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain IKERBARSQUE Basque Foundation of Science Bilbao48013 Spain Advanced Light Source Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Modern scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) has become an indispensable tool in material research. However, as the s-SNOM technique marches into the far-infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) regimes, emerging experiments sometimes produce puzzling results. For example, "anomalies" in the near-field optical contrast have been widely reported. In this letter, we systematically investigate a series of extreme subwavelength metallic nanostructures via s-SNOM near-field imaging in the GHz to THz frequency range. We find that the near-field material contrast is greatly impacted by the lateral size of the nanostructure, while the spatial resolution is practically independent of it. The contrast is also strongly affected by the connectivity of the metallic structures to a larger metallic "ground plane". The observed effect can be largely explained by a quasi-electrostatic analysis. We also compare the THz s-SNOM results to those of the mid-IR regime, where the size-dependence becomes significant only for smaller structures. Our results reveal that the quantitative analysis of the near-field optical material contrasts in the long-wavelength regime requires a careful assessment of the size and configuration of metallic (optically conductive) structures. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metals

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Radiality constraints for resilient reconfiguration of distribution systems: Formulation and application to microgrid formation

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Lei, Shunbo Chen, Chen Song, Yue Hou, Yunhe Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL60439 United States Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen518027 China

Network reconfiguration is an effective strategy for different purposes of distribution systems (DSs), e.g., resilience enhancement. In particular, DS automation, distributed generation integration and microgrid (MG) technology development, etc., are empowering much more flexible reconfiguration and operation of the system, e.g., DSs or MGs with flexible boundaries. However, the formulation of DS reconfiguration-related optimization problems to include those new flexibilities is non-trivial, especially for the issue of topology, which has to be radial. That is, the existing methods of formulating the radiality constraints can cause under-utilization of DS flexibilities. Thus, in this work, we propose a new method for radiality constraints formulation that fully enables the topological and some other related flexibilities of DSs, so that the reconfiguration-related optimization problems can have extended feasibility and enhanced optimality. Graph-theoretic supports are provided to certify its theoretical validity. As integer variables are involved, we also analyze the issues of tightness and compactness. The proposed radiality constraints are specifically applied to post-disaster MG formation, which is involved in many DS resilience-oriented service restoration and/or infrastructure recovery problems. The resulting new MG formation model, which allows more flexible merge and/or separation of the sub-grids, etc., establishes superiority over the models in the literature. Demonstrative case studies are conducted on two test systems. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization

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Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic properties of measured trajectories

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Thapa, Samudrajit Wylomańska, Agnieszka Sikora, Grzegorz Wagner, Caroline E. Krapf, Diego Kantz, Holger Chechkin, Aleksei V. Metzler, Ralf Institute for Physics & Astronomy University of Potsdam Potsdam-Golm14476 Germany Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics Hugo Steinhaus Center Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland Princeton Environmental Institute Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO80523 United States School of Biomedical Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO80523 United States Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Dresden Germany Akhiezer Institute for Theoretical Physics National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology" Akademicheskaya st.1 Kharkov61108 Ukraine

Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses, vesicles, or individual proteins are routinely garnered in single-particle tracking experiments or supercomputing studies. They contain vital clues on how viruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells. Similar time-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of climate data. Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of time-average mean-squared displacements, which remain random variables for finite measurement times. Their statistical properties are different for different physical stochastic processes, thus allowing us to extract valuable information on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of the statistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an easy-to-implement and computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on deviations of the time-averaged mean-squared displacement from its ensemble average counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations for Brownian motion to check the applicability of this approach to simulated and real data sets. By comparing the probability of deviations for different data sets, we demonstrate how the theoretical bound for Brownian motion reveals additional information about observed stochastic processes. We apply the large-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous solution, tracer beads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface temperature anomalies. Our analysis shows how the large-deviation properties can be efficiently used as a simple yet effective routine test to reject the Brownian motion hypothesis and unveil crucial information on statistical properties such as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Time series

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Impact of cell geometry on zero-energy turn-off of SiC power MOSFETs

Impact of cell geometry on zero-energy turn-off of SiC power...

引用

International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ICSCRM 2017

作者： Liu, X.Q. Chowdhury, S. Hitchcock, C.W. Chow, T.P. Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Monolith Semiconductor Inc 408 Fannin Avenue Round RockTX78664 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783035711455

1200V SiC power MOSFETs of various cell geometries are modeled in Synopsis Inc. Sentaurus TCAD. The impact of cell geometry on switching loss is studied by comparing the turnon and turn-off losses using refined calculation methods. Under optimum circuit conditions, two different novel unit cell designs each achieve lower switching losses than conventional designs. For all the designs, lossless turn-on is impossible but lossless turn-off is achievable under circuit and biasing conditions that produce sufficiently rapid gate slew. © 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Gurvits, Leonid I. Paragi, Zsolt Amils, Ricardo I. van Bemmel, Ilse Boven, Paul Casasola, Viviana Conway, John Davelaar, Jordy Carmen Díez-González, M. Falcke, Heino Fender, Rob Frey, Sándor Fromm, Christian M. Gallego-Puyol, Juan D. García-Miró, Cristina Garrett, Michael A. Giroletti, Marcello Goddi, Ciriaco Gómez, José L. van der Gucht, Jeffrey Guirado, José Carlos Haiman, Zoltán Helmich, Frank Hudson, Ben Humphreys, Elizabeth Impellizzeri, Violette Janssen, Michael Johnson, Michael D. Kovalev, Yuri Y. Kramer, Michael Lindqvist, Michael Linz, Hendrik Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lobanov, Andrei P. López-Fernández, Isaac Malo-Gómez, Inmaculada Masania, Kunal Mizuno, Yosuke Plavin, Alexander V. Rajan, Raj T. Rezzolla, Luciano Roelofs, Freek Ros, Eduardo Rygl, Kazi L.J. Savolainen, Tuomas Schuster, Karl Venturi, Tiziana Verkouter, Marjolein de Vicente, Pablo Visser, Pieter N.A.M. Wiedner, Martina C. Wielgus, Maciek Wiik, Kaj Anton Zensus, J. Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC Dwingeloo Netherlands Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Yebes Observatory IGN Spain INAF Institute of Radio Astronomy Bologna Italy Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory Onsala 439 92 Sweden Department of Astronomy Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen 6500 GL Netherlands Oxford University United Kingdom Konkoly Observatory Res. Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Budapest Hungary Institute of Physics ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Germany Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics The University of Manchester United Kingdom Leiden Observatory Leiden University Netherlands Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Cagliari Monserrato Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Selargius Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Granada Spain Observatorio Astronómico University of Valencia Spain Kapteyn Institute University of Groningen Netherlands KISPE Space Systems Limited United Kingdom ESO Garching Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Astro Space Center Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudnyi Russia Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Heidelberg Germany Shaping Matter Lab Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Aalto University Department of Electroni

Ultra-high angular resolution in astronomy has always been an important vehicle for making fundamental discoveries. Recent results in direct imaging of the vicinity of the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of the radio galaxy M87 by the millimeter VLBI system Event Horizon Telescope and various pioneering results of the Space VLBI mission RadioAstron provided new momentum in high angular resolution astrophysics. In both mentioned cases, the angular resolution reached the values of about 10−20 microrcseconds (0.05−0.1 nanoradian). Further developments toward at least an order of magnitude "sharper" values, at the level of 1 microarcsecond are dictated by the needs of advanced astrophysical studies. The paper emphasis that these higher values can only be achieved by placing millimeter and submillimeter wavelength interferometric systems in space. A concept of such the system, called Terahertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics, has been proposed in the framework of the ESA Call for White Papers for the Voayage 2050 long term plan in 2019. In the current paper we present new science objectives for such the concept based on recent results in studies of active galactic nuclei and supermassive black holes. We also discuss several approaches for addressing technological challenges of creating a millimeter/sub-millimeter wavelength interferometric system in space. In particular, we consider a novel configuration of a space-borne millimeter/sub-millimeter antenna which might resolve several bottlenecks in creating large precise mechanical structures. The paper also presents an overview of prospective space-qualified technologies of low-noise analogue front-end instrumentation for millimeter/sub-millimeter telescopes. Data handling and processing instrumentation is another key technological component of a sub-millimeter Space VLBI system. Requirements and possible implementation options for this instrumentation are described as an extrapolation of the current st

关键词： Data handling

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Passive SAR imaging using phaseless measurements 12

Passive SAR imaging using phaseless measurements

引用

12th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR 2018

作者： Mason, Eric Yazıcı, Birsen Tactical Electronic Warfare Division Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783800746361

Passive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an imaging method that uses existing illuminators of opportunity rather than a dedicated transmitter. Passive radar has seen an increase in popularity due to increased stealth, decreased cost, and superior use of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper we present an incoherent imaging method for passive SAR that uses phaseless or magnitude only measurements. Unlike conventional methods, our approach only requires a single receiver. The method is based on the observation that the squared modulus of the data can be cast as a linear mapping of a rank-one positive semi-definite operator, formed as the tensor product of scene reflectivity with itself. Thus, we pose imaging as a convex optimization problem which utilizes the mathematical structure of the unknown. We demonstrate the performance of our approach with numerical simulations. © VDE VERLAG GMBH Â Berlin Â Offenbach.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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Author Correction: A cross-cohort replicable and heritable latent dimension linking behaviour to multi-featured brain structure

Communications biology

引用

Communications biology 2023年第1期6卷 281页

作者： Eliana Nicolaisen-Sobesky Agoston Mihalik Shahrzad Kharabian-Masouleh Fabio S Ferreira Felix Hoffstaedter Holger Schwender Somayeh Maleki Balajoo Sofie L Valk Simon B Eickhoff B T Thomas Yeo Janaina Mourao-Miranda Sarah Genon Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour) Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany. elinicolaisen@***. Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London UK. Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research University College London London UK. Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour) Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany. Institute of Systems Neuroscience Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany. Mathematical Institute Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany. Otto Hahn Research Group "Cognitive Neurogenetics" Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Centre for Translational MR Research Centre for Sleep & Cognition N.1 Institute for Health Institute for Digital Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour) Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany. s.genon@fz-juelich.de. Institute of Systems Neuroscience Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany. s.genon@fz-juelich.de.

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Achieving trust-based and privacy-preserving customer selection in ubiquitous computing

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhang, Chuan Zhu, Liehuang Xu, Chang Sharif, Kashif Liu, Ximeng Du, Xiaojiang Guizani, Mohsen Beijing Engineering Research Center of Massive Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Application School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Information Systems Singapore Management University College of Mathematics and Computer Science Fuzhou University Department of Computer and Information Sciences Temple University Philadelphia United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Idaho MoscowID United States

The recent proliferation of smart devices has given rise to ubiquitous computing, an emerging computing paradigm which allows anytime & anywhere computing possible. In such a ubiquitous computing environment, customers release different computing or sensing tasks, and people, also known as data processors, participate in these tasks and get paid for providing their idle computing and communication resources. Thus, how to select an appropriate and reliable customer while not disclosing processors' privacy has become an interesting problem. In this article, we present a trust-based and privacy-preserving customer selection scheme in ubiquitous computing, called TPCS, to enable potential processors select the customers with good reputation. The basic concept of TPCS is that each data processor holds a trust value, and the reputation score of the customer is calculated based on processors' trust values and feedbacks via a truth discovery process. To preserve processors' privacy, pseudonyms and Paillier cryptosystem are applied to conceal each processor's real identity. In addition, three authentication protocols are designed to ensure that only the valid data processors (i.e., the processors registering in the system, holding the truthful trust values, and joining the computing tasks) can pass the authentication. A comprehensive security analysis is conducted to prove that our proposed TPCS scheme is secure and can defend against several sophisticated attacks. Moreover, extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ubiquitous computing

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Foundation models and intelligent decision-making: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

引用

The Innovation 2025年第6期6卷

作者： Jincai Huang Yongjun Xu Qi Wang Qi (Cheems) Wang Xingxing Liang Fei Wang Zhao Zhang Wei Wei Boxuan Zhang Libo Huang Jingru Chang Liantao Ma Ting Ma Yuxuan Liang Jie Zhang Jian Guo Xuhui Jiang Xinxin Fan Zhulin An Tingting Li Aiguo Fei Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China Department of Oral Implantology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 China Laboratory for Big Data and Decision National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of AI Safety Beijing 100190 China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Information Science and Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511453 China College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources Beijing 100083 China IDEA Research International Digital Economy Academy Shenzhen 518057 China School of Computer Science National Pilot Software Engineering School Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Intelligent decision-making (IDM) is a cornerstone of artificial intelligence (AI) designed to automate or augment decision processes. Modern IDM paradigms integrate advanced frameworks to enable intelligent agents to make effective and adaptive choices and decompose complex tasks into manageable steps, such as AI agents and high-level reinforcement learning. Recent advances in multimodal foundation-based approaches unify diverse input modalities—such as vision, language, and sensory data—into a cohesive decision-making process. Foundation models (FMs) have become pivotal in science and industry, transforming decision-making and research capabilities. Their large-scale, multimodal data-processing abilities foster adaptability and interdisciplinary breakthroughs across fields such as healthcare, life sciences, and education. This survey examines IDM’s evolution, advanced paradigms with FMs and their transformative impact on decision-making across diverse scientific and industrial domains, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in building efficient, adaptive, and ethical decision systems.

关键词： artificial intelligence intelligent decision-making foundation models agent large language model

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