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npj Women's Health 2024年第1期2卷 1页

作者： Jamison H. Burks Patrick Kasl Benjamin L. Smarr Lauryn Keeler Bruce Severine Soltani Varun Viswanath Wendy Hartogensis Frederick M. Hecht Ashley E. Mason Stephan Dilchert Subhasis Dasgupta Ilkay Altintas Amarnath Gupta Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA UC San Diego Health Department of Biomedical Informatics University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA Bioinformatics and Systems Biology University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Osher Center for Integrative Health University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA Department of Management Zicklin School of Business Baruch College The City University of New York New York NY USA San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA

General feature selection technique supporting sex-debiasing in chronic illness algorithms validated using wearable device data

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npj Women's Health

npj Women's Health 2024年第1期2卷 1-11页

In tasks involving human health condition data, feature selection is heavily affected by data types, the complexity of the condition manifestation, and the variability in physiological presentation. One type of variability often overlooked or oversimplified is the effect of biological sex. As females have been chronically underrepresented in clinical research, we know less about how conditions manifest in females. Innovations in wearable technology have enabled individuals to generate high temporal resolution data for extended periods of time. With millions of days of data now available, additional feature selection pipelines should be developed to systematically identify sex-dependent variability in data, along with the effects of how many per-person data are included in analysis. Here we present a set of statistical approaches as a technique for identifying sex-dependent physiological and behavioral manifestations of complex diseases starting from longitudinal data, which are evaluated on diabetes, hypertension, and their comorbidity.

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TOI-3984 A b and TOI-5293 A b: two temperate gas giants transiting mid-M dwarfs in wide binary systems

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Cañas, Caleb I. Kanodia, Shubham Libby-Roberts, Jessica Lin, Andrea S.J. Schutte, Maria Powers, Luke Jones, Sinclaire Monson, Andrew Wang, Songhu Stefánsson, Guðmundur Cochran, William D. Robertson, Paul Mahadevan, Suvrath Kowalski, Adam F. Wisniewski, John Parker, Brock A. Larsen, Alexander Chapman, Franklin A.L. Kobulnicky, Henry A. Gupta, Arvind F. Everett, Mark E. Penprase, Bryan Edward Zeimann, Gregory Beard, Corey Bender, Chad F. Colón, Knicole D. Diddams, Scott A. Fredrick, Connor Halverson, Samuel Ninan, Joe P. Ramsey, Lawrence W. Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt Road GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University 525 Davey Laboratory University ParkPA16802 United States Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds The Pennsylvania State University 525 Davey Laboratory University ParkPA16802 United States Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science 5241 Broad Branch Road NW WashingtonDC20015 United States Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma 440 W. Brooks Street NormanOK73019 United States Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 4055 McPherson Laboratory ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane PrincetonNJ08540 United States Steward Observatory The University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Astronomy Indiana University 727 East 3rd Street BloomingtonIN47405-7105 United States McDonald Observatory Center for Planetary Systems Habitability The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78730 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States ETH Zurich Institute for Particle Physics & Astrophysics Zurich Switzerland National Solar Observatory University of Colorado Boulder 3665 Discovery Drive BoulderCO80303 United States Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado 2000 Colorado Ave BoulderCO80305 United States Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder 3665 Discovery Drive BoulderCO80303 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason University FairfaxVA22030 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Wyoming LaramieWY82070 United States NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory 950 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85719 United States Soka Universit

We confirm the planetary nature of two gas giants discovered by TESS to transit M dwarfs with stellar companions at wide separations. TOI-3984 A (J = 11.93) is an M4 dwarf hosting a short-period (4.353326 ±0.000005 days) gas giant (Mp = 0.14 ±0.03 MJ and Rp = 0.71 ± 0.02 RJ) with a wide separation white dwarf companion. TOI-5293 A (J = 12.47) is an M3 dwarf hosting a short-period (2.930289 ± 0.000004 days) gas giant (Mp = 0.54 ± 0.07 MJ and Rp = 1.06 ± 0.04 RJ) with a wide separation M dwarf companion. We characterize both systems using a combination of ground-based and space-based photometry, speckle imaging, and high-precision radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and NEID spectrographs. TOI-3984 A b (Teq = 563 ± 15 K and TSM = 138+29−27) and TOI-5293 A b (Teq = 675+42−30 K and TSM = 92 ±14) are two of the coolest gas giants among the population of hot Jupiter-sized gas planets orbiting M dwarfs and are favorable targets for atmospheric characterization of temperate gas giants and three-dimensional obliquity measurements to probe system architecture and migration scenarios. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Gases

Search for axion-like dark matter using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Aybas, Deniz Adam, Janos Blumenthal, Emmy Gramolin, Alexander V. Johnson, Dorian Kleyheeg, Annalies Afach, Samer Blanchard, John W. Centers, Gary P. Garcon, Antoine Engler, Martin Figueroa, Nataniel L. Sendra, Marina Gil Wickenbrock, Arne Lawson, Matthew Wang, Tao Wu, Teng Luo, Haosu Mani, Hamdi Mauskopf, Philip Graham, Peter W. Rajendran, Surjeet Jackson Kimball, Derek F. Budker, Dmitry Sushkov, Alexander O. Department of Physics Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Helmholtz-Institut GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Mainz55128 Germany Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz55128 Germany The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics Department of Physics Stockholm University AlbaNova Stockholm10691 Sweden Nordita KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm University Roslagstullsbacken 23 Stockholm10691 Sweden Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronics Center for Quantum Information Technology Peking University Beijing100871 China Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Physics California State University East Bay HaywardCA94542-3084 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720-7300 United States Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

We report the results of an experimental search for ultralight axion-like dark matter in the mass range 162 neV to 166 neV. The detection scheme of our Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr) is based on a precision measurement of 207Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in a polarized ferroelectric crystal. Axion-like dark matter can exert an oscillating torque on 207Pb nuclear spins via the electric-dipole moment coupling gd, or via the gradient coupling gaNN. We calibrated the detector and characterized the excitation spectrum and relaxation parameters of the nuclear spin ensemble with pulsed magnetic resonance measurements in a 4.4 T magnetic field. We swept the magnetic field near this value and searched for axion-like dark matter with Compton frequency within a 1 MHz band centered at 39.65 MHz. Our measurements place the upper bounds |gd| −4 GeV−2 and |gaNN| −1 GeV−1 (95% confidence level) in this frequency range. The constraint on gd corresponds to an upper bound of 1.0 × 10−21 e · cm on the amplitude of oscillations of the neutron electric dipole moment, and 4.3×10−6 on the amplitude of oscillations of CP-violating θ parameter of quantum chromodynamics. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance to search for axion-like dark matter in the nanoelectronvolt mass range. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum theory

Functional nonlinear sparse models

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Chamon, Luiz F. O. Eldar, Yonina C. Ribeiro, Alejandro Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Math and Computer Science Department Weizmann Institute of Science

Signal processing is rich in inherently continuous and often nonlinear applications, such as spectral estimation, optical imaging, and super-resolution microscopy, in which sparsity plays a key role in obtaining state-of-the-art results. Coping with the infinite dimensionality and non-convexity of these estimation problems typically involves discretization and convex relaxations, e.g., using atomic norms. Nevertheless, grid mismatch and other coherence issues imply that discretized sparse signals are often no longer sparse. Even if they are, recovering sparse solutions using convex relaxations requires assumptions that may be hard to meet in practice. Finally, problems involving nonlinear measurements remain non-convex even after relaxing the sparsity objective. We address these issues by directly tackling the continuous, nonlinear problem cast as a sparse functional optimization program. We prove that when these problems are non-atomic, they have no duality gap and can therefore be solved efficiently using duality and (stochastic) convex optimization methods. We illustrate the wide range of applications of this approach by formulating and solving problems from nonlinear spectral estimation and robust classification. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

Negative terahertz conductivity at vertical carrier injection in a black-Arsenic-Phosphorus-Graphene heterostructure integrated with a light-emitting diode

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ryzhii, Victor Ryzhii, Maxim Otsuji, Taiichi Karasik, Valery E. Leiman, Vladimir G. Mitin, Vladimir Shur, Michael S. Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Institute of Ultra High Frequency Semiconductor Electronics of RAS Moscow117105 Russia Center for Photonics and Infrared Technology Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow111005 Russia Center for Photonics and Two-Dimensional Materials Moscow Institute of Physics Technology Dolgoprudny141700 Russia Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Aizu Aizu-Wakamatsu965-8580 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering University at Buffalo SUNY BuffaloNY1460-1920 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

We propose and analyze the heterostructure comprising a black-arsenic-phosphorus layer (bAs1−xPxL) and a graphene layer (GL) integrated with a light-emitting diode (LED). The integrated b-As1−xPxL-GL-LED heterostructure can serve as an active part of the terahertz (THz) laser using the interband radiative transitions in the GL. The feasibility of the proposed concept is enabled by the combination of relatively narrow energy gap in the b-As1−xPxL and the proper band alignment with the GL. The operation of the device in question is associated with the generation of the electron-hole pairs by the LED emitted near-infrared radiation in the b-As1−xPxL, cooling of the photogenerated electrons and holes in this layer, and their injection into the GL. Since the minimum b-As1−xPL energy gap (∆G 0.15 eV) is smaller than the energy of optical phonons in the GL, (~ω0 0.2 eV), the injection into the GL can lead to a relatively weak heating of the two-dimensional electron-hole plasma (2D-EHP) in the GL. At the temperatures somewhat lower than the room temperature, the injection can cool the 2D-EHP. This is beneficial for the interband population inversion in the GL, reinforcement of its negative dynamic conductivity, and the realization of the optical and plasmonic modes lasing supporting the new types of the THz radiation sources. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

Saccadic predictive vision model with a fovea

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Hazoglou, Michael Hylton, Todd Contextual Robotics Institute University of California San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego

We propose a model that emulates saccades, the rapid movements of the eye, called the Error Saccade Model, based on the prediction error of the Predictive Vision Model (PVM). The Error Saccade Model carries out movements of the model's field of view to regions with the highest prediction error. Comparisons of the Error Saccade Model on Predictive Vision Models with and without a fovea show that a fovea-like structure in the input level of the PVM improves the Error Saccade Model's ability to pursue detailed objects in its view. We hypothesize that the improvement is due to poorer resolution in the periphery causing higher prediction error when an object passes, triggering a saccade to the next location. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eye movements

Modeling emotion in complex stories: The Stanford Emotional Narratives Dataset

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ong, Desmond C. Wu, Zhengxuan Zhi-Xuan, Tan Reddan, Marianne Kahhale, Isabella Mattek, Alison Zaki, Jamil Department of Information Systems and Analytics National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore A*STAR Artificial Intelligence Initiative Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Department of Management Science and Engineering Stanford University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology A*STAR Artificial Intelligence Initiative Department of Psychology Stanford University Department of Psychology University of Oregon

Human emotions unfold over time, and more affective computing research has to prioritize capturing this crucial component of real-world affect. Modeling dynamic emotional stimuli requires solving the twin challenges of time-series modeling and of collecting high-quality time-series datasets. We begin by assessing the state-of-the-art in time-series emotion recognition, and we review contemporary time-series approaches in affective computing, including discriminative and generative models. We then introduce the first version of the Stanford Emotional Narratives Dataset (SENDv1): a set of rich, multimodal videos of self-paced, unscripted emotional narratives, annotated for emotional valence over time. The complex narratives and naturalistic expressions in this dataset provide a challenging test for contemporary time-series emotion recognition models. We demonstrate several baseline and state-of-the-art modeling approaches on the SEND, including a Long Short-Term Memory model and a multimodal Variational Recurrent Neural Network, which perform comparably to the human-benchmark. We end by discussing the implications for future research in time-series affective computing. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Time series

Abnormality Detection Inside Blood Vessels with Mobile Nanomachines

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IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications 2018年第3期4卷 189-194页

作者： Varshney, Neeraj Patel, Adarsh Deng, Yansha Haselmayr, Werner Varshney, Pramod K. Nallanathan, Arumugam Wireless Networks Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University SyracuseNY13210 United States Department of Informatics King's College London LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz4040 Austria School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE14FS United Kingdom

Motivated by the numerous healthcare applications of molecular communication within Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) paradigm, this paper addresses the problem of abnormality detection in a blood vessel using multiple biological embedded computing devices called cooperative biological nanomachines (CNs), and a common receiver called the fusion center (FC). Due to blood flow inside a vessel, each CN and the FC are assumed to be mobile. In this paper, each CN performs abnormality detection with certain probabilities of detection and false alarm. The CNs report their local decisions to an FC over a diffusion-advection blood flow channel using different types of molecules in the presence of inter-symbol interference, multi-source interference, and counting errors. The FC employs the OR and AND logic-based fusion rules to make the final decision after decoding the local decisions using the sub-optimal detectors based on the approximation of the log-likelihood ratio. For the aforementioned system, probabilities of detection, and false alarm at the FC are derived. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the derived analytical results, which provide important insights. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Blood vessels

A survey of rate-optimal power domain NOMA schemes for enabling technologies of future wireless networks

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Maraqa, Omar Rajasekaran, Aditya S. Al-Ahmadi, Saad Yanikomeroglu, Halim Sait, Sadiq M. Department of Electrical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada Ericsson Canada Inc OttawaONK2K 2V6 Canada Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada Department of Computer Engineering Center of Communications and IT Research Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes serve more than one user in the same resource block by multiplexing users in other domains than frequency and time. In this way, NOMA schemes offer several advantages over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes such as improved user fairness and spectral efficiency, higher cell-edge throughput, massive connectivity support, and low transmission latency. With these merits, NOMA transmission schemes are being increasingly looked at as a promising multiple access scheme for future wireless networks. When the power domain is used to multiplex users, it is referred to as the power domain NOMA (PD-NOMA) scheme. In this paper, we survey the integration of the PD-NOMA scheme with other upcoming communication schemes and technologies that satisfy the requirements of 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) networks. In particular, this paper surveys the rate optimization schemes studied in the literature when the PD-NOMA scheme is combined with MIMO and massive MIMO (mMIMO), millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission and reception, cooperative communications, cognitive radio (CR), visible light communications (VLC), and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted communications. The considered system models, the optimization methods used to maximize the achievable rates, and the main outcomes on the performance of these NOMA-enabled schemes are discussed along with future research directions for these combined schemes. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems