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CosSIF: Cosine similarity-based image filtering to overcome low inter-class variation in synthetic medical image datasets

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 172卷 108317-108317页

作者： Islam, Mominul Zunair, Hasib Mohammed, Nabeel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North South University Dhaka Bashundhara Bangladesh Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada

Crafting effective deep learning models for medical image analysis is a complex task, particularly in cases where the medical image dataset lacks significant inter-class variation. This challenge is further aggravated when employing such datasets to generate synthetic images using generative adversarial networks (GANs), as the output of GANs heavily relies on the input data. In this research, we propose a novel filtering algorithm called Cosine Similarity-based Image Filtering (CosSIF). We leverage CosSIF to develop two distinct filtering methods: Filtering Before GAN Training (FBGT) and Filtering After GAN Training (FAGT). FBGT involves the removal of real images that exhibit similarities to images of other classes before utilizing them as the training dataset for a GAN. On the other hand, FAGT focuses on eliminating synthetic images with less discriminative features compared to real images used for training the GAN. The experimental results reveal that the utilization of either the FAGT or FBGT method reduces low inter-class variation in clinical image classification datasets and enables GANs to generate synthetic images with greater discriminative features. Moreover, modern transformer and convolutional-based models, trained with datasets that utilize these filtering methods, lead to less bias toward the majority class, more accurate predictions of samples in the minority class, and overall better generalization capabilities. Code and implementation details are available at: https://***/mominul-ssv/cossif. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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A provably effective method for pruning experts in fine-tuned sparse mixture-of-experts 24

A provably effective method for pruning experts in fine-tune...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Mohammed Nowaz Rabbani Chowdhury Meng Wang Kaoutar El Maghraoui Naigang Wang Pin-Yu Chen Christopher Carothers Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute NY IBM Research Yorktown Heights NY Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute NY

The sparsely gated mixture of experts (MoE) architecture sends different inputs to different subnetworks (experts), through trainable routers. MoE reduces the training computation significantly for large models, but its deployment can be still memory/computation expensive for some downstream tasks. Model pruning is a popular approach to reduce inference computation, but its application in MoE architecture is largely unexplored. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first provably efficient technique for pruning experts in fine-tuned MoE models. We theoretically prove that prioritizing the pruning of the experts with a smaller change of the router's l2 norm from the pre-trained model guarantees the preservation of test accuracy, while significantly reducing the model size and the computational requirements. Although our theoretical analysis is centered on binary classification tasks on simplified MoE architecture, our expert pruning method is verified on large vision MoE models such as V-MoE and E3-MoE fine-tuned on benchmark datasets such as CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet.

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Latent Action Priors for Locomotion with Deep Reinforcement Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hausdörfer, Oliver von Rohr, Alexander Lefort, Éric Schoellig, Angela P. The Technical University of Munich Germany TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Department of Computer Engineering Learning Systems and Robotics Lab Germany Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Germany

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) enables robots to learn complex behaviors through interaction with the environment. However, due to the unrestricted nature of the learning algorithms, the resulting solutions are often brittle and appear unnatural. This is especially true for learning direct joint-level torque control, as inductive biases are difficult to integrate into the learning process. We propose an inductive bias for learning locomotion that is especially useful for torque control: latent actions learned from a small dataset of expert demonstrations. This prior allows the policy to directly leverage knowledge contained in the expert’s actions and facilitates more efficient exploration. We observe that the agent is not restricted to the reward levels of the demonstration, and performance in transfer tasks is improved significantly. Latent action priors combined with style rewards for imitation leads to a closer replication of the expert’s behavior. Videos and code are available at https://***/view/ latent-action-priors. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Hybrid Signal Integrity Modeling and Analysis of Heterogeneous Integrated System With Neuromorphic Darwin Chip

IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity

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IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity 2024年 3卷 37-46页

作者： Chen, Quankun Ma, Hanzhi Li, Da Tao, Tuomin Tan, Shurun Liu, En-Xiao Schutt-Aine, Jose Li, Er-Ping Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems and Applications College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang University University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Haining314400 China A∗star Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore138632 Singapore University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UrbanaIL61820 United States

This article introduces a comprehensive approach for designing and analyzing signal integrity in heterogeneous integrated systems that incorporate neuromorphic Darwin chips. The proposed integrated system architecture includes a neuromorphic Darwin chip, digital signal processing unit, microcontroller unit, field programmable gate arrays, and coding and decoding modules to encode and reconstruct analog spiking signals. The study evaluates the encoding module and the heterogeneous integration structure and conducts signal integrity analysis. To achieve optimal signal integrity performance, the article proposes a novel binocular eye diagram analysis technique. This innovative approach guides the encoding algorithm modification and improves the overall system performance. This research is the first to combine joint field-circuit simulation, heterogeneous integration modeling, and signal integrity analysis of the Darwin neuromorphic chip, and it is expected to serve as a valuable reference for future studies on similar systems. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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An ingestible bioimpedance sensing device for wireless monitoring of epithelial barriers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2025年第1期11卷 389-402页

作者： Brian M.Holt Justin M.Stine Luke A.Beardslee Hammed Ayansola Younggeon Jin Pankaj J.Pasricha Reza Ghodssi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Systems Research University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Robert E.Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Matrix Lab at A.James Clark School of Engineering University of MarylandCaliforniaMD 20619USA Department of Animal&Avian Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Mayo Clinic Hospital PheonixAZ 85054USA

Existing gastrointestinal(GI)diagnostic tools are unable to non-invasively monitor mucosal tight junction integrity in vivo beyond the *** the GI tract,local inflammatory processes induce alterations in tight junction proteins,enhancing paracellular ion *** transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)may be used in the laboratory to assess mucosal barrier integrity,there are no existing methodologies for characterizing tight junction dilation in *** this technology gap,intraluminal bioimpedance sensing may be employed as a localized,non-invasive surrogate to TEER electrodes used in cell *** far,bioimpedance has only been implemented in esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)due to the need for external electronics *** this work,we develop a novel,noise-resilient Bluetooth-enabled ingestible device for the continuous,non-invasive measurement of intestinal mucosal“leakiness.”As a proof-of-concept,we validate wireless impedance readout on excised porcine tissues in *** an animal study,we demonstrate how the device exhibits altered impedance response to tight junction dilation induced on mice colonic tissue through calcium-chelator *** measurements are validated using standard benchtop methods for assessing mucosal permeability.

关键词： transepithelial electrical resistance teer may wireless monitoring tight junction proteinsenhancing inflammatory processes mucosal barrier characterizing tight junction dilation paracellular ion permeabilityalthough bioimpedance

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Polarization-induced photocurrent switching effect in heterojunction photodiodes

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5503-5510页

作者： Dingbo Chen Yu-Chang Chen Guang Zeng Yu-Chun Li Xiao-Xi Li Dong Li Chao Shen Nan Chi Boon S.Ooi David Wei Zhang Hong-Liang Lu State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics&SystemsSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves Department of Communication Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Photonics Laboratory Division of ComputerElectricaland Mathematical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The unipolar photocurrent in conventional photodiodes(PDs)based on photovoltaic effect limits the output modes and potential versatility of these devices in *** photodiodes with photocurrent switching are emerging as a promising solution for obtaining photoelectric devices with unique and attractive functions,such as optical logic ***,we design an all-solid-state chip-scale ultraviolet(UV)PD based on a hybrid GaN heterojunction with engineered bipolar polarized electric *** introducing the polarization-induced photocurrent switching effect,the photocurrent direction can be switched in response to the wavelength of incident light at 0 V *** particular,the photocurrent direction exhibits negative when the irradiation wavelength is less than 315 nm,but positive when the wavelength is longer than 315 *** device shows a responsivity of up to−6.7 mA/W at 300 nm and 5.3 mA/W at 340 nm,*** particular,three special logic gates in response to different dual UV light inputs are demonstrated via a single bipolar PD,which may be beneficial for future multifunctional UV photonic integrated devices and systems.

关键词： GaN heterostructure ultraviolet(UV)photodiodes bipolar photocurrent optical logic device

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Impact of diameter on D-shaped POF sensors for salt detection

Impact of diameter on D-shaped POF sensors for salt detectio...

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International Laser Technology and Optics Symposium 2024, iLATOS2024

作者： Khan, Abdul Ali Thirunavakkarasu, Punithavathi M. bte Saidin, Norazlina Noor, Ahmad Shukri Muhammad Waqas, Nawaf Communication Technology Section Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute Kuala lumpur53100 Malaysia Faculty of I.C.T BUITEMS Quetta87100 Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur53100 Malaysia Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute Bt. 8 Jalan Sungai Pusu Selangor Gombak53100 Malaysia

This study investigates the relationship between the diameter of a D-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor and its optical response as a function of varying salt concentrations. A simple and efficient dry etching polishing technique was employed to create D-shaped POF sensors with a range of diameters. All the fabricated sensors were carefully developed to maintain a consistent length of 20 cm with a sensing region of 1cm. To evaluate the optical intensity response, each sensor, with its respective diameter, was examined with the salt concentration ranging from (0 to 5%) examination utilizing a spectrometer. The sensor response was characterized by quantifying the variations observed in the intensity of the optical signal propagating through the sensing region. The sensors having a diameter of 500 μm, 700 μm, and 900 μm had a sensitivity of 149 A.U/%salt, 66 A.U/%salt, and 11.2 A.U/%salt respectively. The sensitivity of the 500 μm diameter sensor increased 13 times approximately as compared to the sensor having diameter of 900 μm. © 2025 institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dry etching

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An Automated Deep Learning Based Muscular Dystrophy Detection and Classification Model

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 305-320页

作者： T.Gopalakrishnan Periakaruppan Sudhakaran K.C.Ramya K.Sathesh Kumar Fahd N.Al-Wesabi Manal Abdullah Alohali Anwer Mustafa Hilal School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM TRP Engineering CollegeTiruchirappalli621105India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore641008India School of Computing Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil626128India Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityMuhayel AseerKSA Faculty of Computer and IT Sana’a UniversityYemen Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversitySaudi Arabia Department of Computer and Self Development Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharjSaudi Arabia

Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited muscular diseases that are commonly diagnosed with the help of techniques such asmuscle biopsy, clinical presentation, and Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). Among these techniques, Muscle MRI recommends the diagnosis ofmuscular dystrophy through identification of the patterns that exist in musclefatty replacement. But the patterns overlap among various diseases whereasthere is a lack of knowledge prevalent with regards to disease-specific ***, artificial intelligence techniques can be used in the diagnosis ofmuscular dystrophies, which enables us to analyze, learn, and predict forthe future. In this scenario, the current research article presents an automated muscular dystrophy detection and classification model using SynergicDeep Learning (SDL) method with extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost),called SDL-XGBoost. SDL-XGBoost model has been proposed to act as anautomated deep learning (DL) model that examines the muscle MRI dataand diagnose muscular dystrophies. SDL-XGBoost model employs Kapur’sentropy based Region of Interest (RoI) for detection purposes. Besides, SDLbased feature extraction process is applied to derive a useful set of featurevectors. Finally, XGBoost model is employed as a classification approach todetermine proper class labels for muscle MRI data. The researcher conductedextensive set of simulations to showcase the superior performance of SDLXGBoost model. The obtained experimental values highlighted the supremacyof SDL-XGBoost model over other methods in terms of high accuracy being96.18% and 94.25% classification performance upon DMD and BMD respectively. Therefore, SDL-XGBoost model can help physicians in the diagnosis of muscular dystrophies by identifying the patterns of muscle fatty replacementin muscle MRI.

关键词： Muscle magnetic resonance imaging XGBoost synergic deep learning roI detection kapur’s entropy muscular dystrophies

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Energy efficient indoor localisation for narrowband internet of things

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第4期8卷 1150-1163页

作者： Ismail Keshta Mukesh Soni Mohammed Wasim Bhatt Azeem Irshad Ali Rizwan Shakir Khan Renato RMaaliw III Arsalan Muhammad Soomar Mohammad Shabaz Computer Science and Information Systems Department College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of CSE University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologySrinagarIndia Asghar Mall College Rawalpindi Higher Education Department(HED)Govt.of the PunjabRawalpindiPakistan Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia College of Engineering Southern Luzon State UniversityLucbanQuezonPhilippines Department of Automation Electronics and Electrical EngineeringGdansk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland Arba Minch University Arba MinchEthiopia

There are an increasing number of Narrow Band IoT devices being manufactured as the technology behind them develops *** high co‐channel interference and signal attenuation seen in edge Narrow Band IoT devices make it challenging to guarantee the service quality of these *** maximise the data rate fairness of Narrow Band IoT devices,a multi‐dimensional indoor localisation model is devised,consisting of transmission power,data scheduling,and time slot scheduling,based on a network model that employs non‐orthogonal multiple access via a *** on this network model,the optimisation goal of Narrow Band IoT device data rate ratio fairness is first established by the authors,while taking into account the Narrow Band IoT network:The multidimensional indoor localisation optimisation model of equipment tends to minimize data rate,energy constraints and EH relay energy and data buffer constraints,data scheduling and time slot *** a result,each Narrow Band IoT device's data rate needs are met while the network's overall performance is *** investigate the model's potential for convex optimisation and offer an algorithm for optimising the distribution of multiple resources using the KKT *** current work primarily considers the NOMA Narrow Band IoT network under a single EH ***,the growth of Narrow Band IoT devices also leads to a rise in co‐channel interference,which impacts NOMA's performance *** simulation,the proposed approach is successfully *** improvements have boosted the network's energy efficiency by 44.1%,data rate proportional fairness by 11.9%,and spectrum efficiency by 55.4%.

关键词： artificial inteligence detection of moving objects internet of things

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Adaptive Fuzzy Generalized Predictive Control of pH in Tubular Photobioreactors on Microalgae Plant

Adaptive Fuzzy Generalized Predictive Control of pH in Tubul...

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On-Line Conference (ONCON), Industrial Electronics Society Annual

作者： Mafalda Amaro Jérôme Mendes Tiago Matias Rui Araújo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering CEMMPRE ARISE University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Oncontrol Technologies Coimbra Portugal

Culture conditions in a photobioreactor on a microalgae plant are essential for production rates, and the pH value is one of the critical variables for a harmonizing process. However, the biological nature of microalgae growth represents a complex reaction that is arduous to model and control. This work proposes an approach of the application of adaptive identification and predictive control to regulate the pH in a photobioreactor in a microalgae production system. The proposed approach is composed of two main stages: identification and control. The identification is performed by a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model, which will be learned with an offline strategy, by Fuzzy c-means, for the antecedent part, and by the Least Squares Method (LSM), for the consequent part. Then, the model is updated with an online method, the Recursive Least Squares with Adaptive Directional Forgetting (RLS-ADF) factor algorithm. The control scheme is based on a Generalized Predictive Control approach, which is a Model Predictive Controller (MPC), with the adaptive T-S fuzzy model designed in the identification stage. In this way, the model parameters from GPC are online adapted by RLS-ADF. To validate the control structure, the proposed approach was tested by using an estimated model from real data of a microalgae production process.

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