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A Survey of Cyber Attacks on Cyber Physical systems:Recent Advances and Challenges

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第5期9卷 784-800页

作者： Wenli Duo MengChu Zhou Abdullah Abusorrah Macao Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China IEEE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center and Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power SystemsKing Abdulaziz University

A cyber physical system(CPS)is a complex system that integrates sensing,computation,control and networking into physical processes and objects over *** plays a key role in modern industry since it connects physical and cyber *** order to meet ever-changing industrial requirements,its structures and functions are constantly ***,new security issues have arisen.A ubiquitous problem is the fact that cyber attacks can cause significant damage to industrial systems,and thus has gained increasing attention from researchers and *** paper presents a survey of state-of-the-art results of cyber attacks on cyber physical ***,as typical system models are employed to study these systems,time-driven and event-driven systems are ***,recent advances on three types of attacks,i.e.,those on availability,integrity,and confidentiality are *** particular,the detailed studies on availability and integrity attacks are introduced from the perspective of attackers and ***,both attack and defense strategies are discussed based on different system *** challenges and open issues are indicated to guide future research and inspire the further exploration of this increasingly important area.

关键词： Attack detection attack strategy cyber attack cyber physical system(CPS) secure control

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Surface Functionalized Plasmonic Sensors for Uric Acid Detection With Gold-Graphene Stacked Nanocomposites

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Photonic Sensors 2025年第1期15卷 122-137页

作者： Olabisi Abdullahi ONIFADE Dinie Dayana MOHAMAD AZRI Muhammad Hafiz ABU BAKAR Mohammed Thamer ALRESHEEDI Eng Khoon NG Mohd Adzir MAHDI Ahmad Shukri MUHAMMAD NOOR Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Wireless and Photonics Research Centre of Excellence Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11421Kingdom of SaudiArabia Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAThe United Kingdom Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(ION2) Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia

This study presented a surface-functionalized sensor probe using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)self-assembled monolayers on a Kretschmann-configured plasmonic *** probe featured stacked nanocomposites of gold(via sputtering)and graphene quantum dots(GQD,via spin-coating)for highly sensitive and accurate uric acid(UA)detection within the physiological *** encompassed the field emission scanning electron microscopy for detailed imaging,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for molecular *** functionalization increased sensor sensitivity by 60.64%,achieving 0.0221°/(mg/dL)for the gold-GQD probe and 0.0355°/(mg/dL)for the gold-APTES-GQD probe,with linear correlation coefficients of 0.8249 and 0.8509,*** highest sensitivity was 0.0706°/(mg/dL),with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.993 and a low limit of detection of 0.2 mg/***,binding affinity increased dramatically,with the Langmuir constants of 14.29μM^(-1)for the gold-GQD probe and 0.0001μM^(-1)for the gold-APTES-GQD probe,representing a 142900-fold *** probe demonstrated notable reproducibility and repeatability with relative standard deviations of 0.166%and 0.013%,respectively,and exceptional temporal stability of 99.66%.These findings represented a transformative leap in plasmonic UA sensors,characterized by enhanced precision,reliability,sensitivity,and increased surface binding capacity,synergistically fostering unprecedented practicality.

关键词： Plasmon nanocomposite gold-graphene quantum dot uric acid,functionalize sensor

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Control and Stability of Large-scale Power System with Highly Distributed Renewable Energy Generation:Viewpoints from Six Aspects

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2023年第1期9卷 8-14页

作者： Qing-Hua Wu Anjan Bose Chanan Singh Joe H.Chow Gang Mu Yuanzhang Sun Zhaoxi Liu Zhigang Li Yang Liu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Electrical Engineering&Computer Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Electrical Computer and Systems EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI)TroyNYUSA Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control&Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education(Northeast Electric Power University)Jilin 132012China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Power systems are moving toward a low-carbon or carbon-neutral future where high penetration of renewables is *** conventional fossil-fueled synchronous generators in the transmission network being replaced by renewable energy generation which is highly distributed across the entire grid,new challenges are emerging to the control and stability of large-scale power *** analysis and control methods are needed for power systems to cope with the ongoing *** the CSEE JPES forum,six leading experts were invited to deliver keynote speeches,and the participating researchers and professionals had extensive exchanges and discussions on the control and stability of power ***,potential changes and challenges of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy generation were introduced and explained,and advanced control methods were proposed and analyzed for the transient stability enhancement of power grids.

关键词： Distributed energy resources high converter penetration power system control renewable energy generation stability control transient stability

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Fuzzy-NMS: Improving 3D Object Detection With Fuzzy Classification in NMS

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年 1-15页

作者： Wang, Li Zhang, Xinyu Zhao, Fachuan Wu, Chuze Wang, Yichen Song, Ziying Yang, Lei Xu, Bin Li, Jun Ge, Shuzhi Sam School of Machanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Interactive Digital Media Institute Social Robotics Laboratory National University of Singapore Singapore

Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is an essential post-processing module in many 3D object detection frameworks to remove overlapping candidate bounding boxes. However, an overreliance on classification scores and difficulties in determining appropriate thresholds can affect the resulting accuracy directly. To address these issues, we introduce fuzzy learning into NMS and propose a novel generalized Fuzzy-NMS module to achieve finer candidate bounding box filtering. The proposed Fuzzy-NMS module combines the volume and clustering density of candidate bounding boxes, refining them with a fuzzy classification method and optimizing the appropriate suppression thresholds to reduce uncertainty in the NMS process. Adequate validation experiments use the mainstream KITTI and large-scale Waymo 3D object detection benchmarks. The results of these tests demonstrate the proposed Fuzzy-NMS module can improve the accuracy of numerous recently NMS-based detectors significantly, including PointPillars, PV-RCNN, and IA-SSD, etc. This effect is particularly evident for small objects such as pedestrians and bicycles. As a plug-and-play module, Fuzzy-NMS does not need to be retrained and produces no obvious increases in inference time. IEEE

关键词： Object detection

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Performance-Guaranteed Solutions for Multi-Agent Optimal Coverage Problems using Submodularity, Curvature, and Greedy Algorithms 63

Performance-Guaranteed Solutions for Multi-Agent Optimal Cov...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Welikala, Shirantha Cassandras, Christos G. Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HobokenNJ07030 United States Boston University Division of Systems Engineering and Center for Information and Systems Engineering BrooklineMA02446 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

We consider a class of multi-agent optimal coverage problems in which the goal is to determine the optimal placement of a group of agents in a given mission space so that they maximize a coverage objective that represents a blend of individual and collaborative event detection capabilities. This class of problems is extremely challenging due to the non-convex nature of the mission space and of the coverage objective. With this motivation, greedy algorithms are often used as means of getting feasible coverage solutions efficiently. Even though such greedy solutions are suboptimal, the submodularity (diminishing returns) property of the coverage objective can be exploited to provide performance bound guarantees. Moreover, we show that improved performance bound guarantees (beyond the standard (1-1 / e) performance bound) can be established using various curvature measures of the coverage problem. In particular, we provide a brief review of all existing popular applicable curvature measures, including a recent curvature measure that we proposed, and discuss their effectiveness and computational complexity, in the context of optimal coverage problems. We also propose novel computationally efficient techniques to estimate some curvature measures. Finally, we provide several numerical results to support our findings and propose several potential future research directions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Optimal detection

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Automatic speaker identification system based on MLP network and deep learning in the presence of severe interference

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-42页

作者： Shafik, Amira Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid Khalaf, Ashraf A. M. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Minia University Minia61519 Egypt Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafr Elsheikh University Kafr El‑Shaikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Automatic Speaker Identification (ASI) is so crucial for security. Current ASI systems perform well in quiet and clean surroundings. However, in noisy situations, the robustness of an ASI system against additive noise and interference is a crucial factor. An investigation of the impact of interference on ASI system performance is presented in this paper, which introduces algorithms for achieving high ASI system performance. The objective is to resist the interference of various forms. This paper presents two models for the ASI task in the presence of interference. The first one depends on Normalized Pitch Frequency (NPF) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) as extracted features and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) as a classifier. In this model, we investigate the utilization of a Discrete Transform (DT), such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Sine Transform (DST), to increase the robustness of extracted features against different types of degradation through exploiting the sub-band decomposition characteristics of DWT and the energy compaction property of DCT and DST. This is achieved by extracting features directly from contaminated speech signals in addition to features extracted from discrete transformed signals to create hybrid feature vectors. The enhancement techniques, such as Spectral Subtraction (SS), Winer Filter, and adaptive Wiener filter, are used in a preprocessing stage to eliminate the effect of the interference on the ASI system. In the second model, we investigate the utilization of Deep Learning (DL) based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with speech signal spectrograms and their Radon transforms to increase the robustness of the ASI system against interference effects. One of this paper goals is to introduce a comparison between the two models and build a more robust ASI system against severe interference. The experimental results indicate that the two proposed models lead to satisfa

关键词： Additive noise

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Mobile Edge Computing for Multi-Services Digital Twin-Enabled IoT Heterogeneous Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 2024年第3期11卷 1845-1853页

作者： Liu, Weiqi Hossain, Mohammad Arif Ansari, Nirwan Auburn University at Montgomery Department of Computer Science and Computer Information Systems MontgomeryAL36117 United States Middle Tennessee State University Department of Engineering Technology MurfreesboroTN37132 United States New Jersey Institute of Technology Advanced Networking Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering NewarkNJ07102 United States

A scheme for edge computing-enabled offloading in a digital twin (DT) enabled heterogeneous network (HetNet) of multi-services IoT devices (IDs) is proposed. This scheme optimizes the association and handover of IDs, offloading ratio, and resource allocation considering the number of IDs, deadline requirements, and resource capacities. The objective is to enhance future generation networks by considering the ID movement, diverse ID requests, and network heterogeneity. We formulate the problem as Joint ID assOciatIon, offloadiNg ratio, Wireless bandwidth and computIng reSource allocation, and digital twin placEment (JOINWISE), aiming to minimize the task completion time of all IDs while considering ID movement. Since JOINWISE is a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, we decompose it into two sub-problems: the ID Association (IDA) problem and the offloading Ratio, DT plAcement, bandwiDth and computIng resource allOcation (RADIO) problem. IDA can be solved by mapping it to a multi-dimensional multiple knapsacks problem. Due to the non-convexity, high dimension of decision variables, and dynamic HetNet environment of RADIO, we propose a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) based reinforcement learning method to iteratively solve the two sub-problems. Simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of our proposed scheme in tackling the JOINWISE problem. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Bi-level Optimal Planning of Voltage Regulator in Distribution systems Considering Maximization of Incentive-based Photovoltaic Energy Integration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2023年第6期9卷 2008-2017页

作者： Xu Xu Youwei Jia Chun Sing Lai Minghao Wang Zhao Xu Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University Key Laboratory of Advanced Wireless Communications of Guangdong ProvinceSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 515100China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel Institute of Power SystemsBrunel University LondonLondonUB83PH United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina

This paper focuses on optimal voltage regulator(VR)planning to maximize the photovoltaic(PV)energy integration in distribution *** describe the amount of dynamic PV energy that can be integrated into the power system,the concept of PV accommodation capability(PVAC)is introduced and modeled with *** proposed planning model is formulated as a Benders decomposition based bi-level stochastic optimization *** the upper-level problem,VR planning decisions and PVAC are determined via mixed integer linear programming(MILP)before considering *** in the lower-level problem,the feasibility of first-level results is checked by critical network constraints(*** magnitude constraints and line capacity constraints)under uncertainties considered by time-varying loads and PV *** this paper,these uncertainties are represented in the form of operational scenarios,which are generated by the Gaussian copula theory and reduced by a well-studied backward-reduction *** modified IEEE 33-node distribution grid is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed *** results demonstrate that a PV energy integration can be significantly enhanced after optimal voltage regulator planning.

关键词： Bi-level stochastic optimization problem critical network constraints photovoltaic energy integration uncertainties voltage regulator planning

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Automated and controlled patch generation for enhanced fixing of communication software vulnerabilities

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第3期5卷 222-236页

作者： Shuo Feng Shuai Yuan Zhitao Guan Xiaojiang Du School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 100029China Department of Finance Operationsand Information SystemsBrock UniversitySt.Catharines L2S3A1Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA

Software is a crucial component in the communication systems,and its security is of paramount ***,it is susceptible to different types of attacks due to potential ***,significant time and effort is required to fix such *** propose an automated program repair method based on controlled text generation ***,we utilize a fine-tuned language model for patch generation and introduce a discriminator to evaluate the generation process,selecting results that contribute most to vulnerability ***,we perform static syntax analysis to expedite the patch verification *** effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using QuixBugs and Defects4J datasets,demonstrating significant improvements in generating correct patches compared to other existing methods.

关键词： automatic program repair controlled text generation communication software security program language model

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Evaluation of Leakage Currents in Memristor Crossbar Arrays

Evaluation of Leakage Currents in Memristor Crossbar Arrays

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2023 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, NAECON 2023

作者： Kasongo, Muana Ytterdal, Trond Lee, John Rizkalla, Maher Kumar, Mukesh Iupui Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Indianapolis United States Norwegian Institute of Technology Electronic Systems Department Trondheim Norway Indian Institute of Technology Indore Electrical Engineering Department Indore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350338782

Memristors are novel electronic devices. Memristor-based crossbar arrays have gained a lot of attention for potential applications in nonvolatile memory, in-memory computing, logic design, neuromorphic computing systems, and neural networks. In this paper, we demonstrate the sneaky path current issue within a 3×3 crossbar array. 1T1M scheme has been used to reduce the leakage current. Integrating nMOS and pMOS devices in series with memristors in the crossbar array has optimized the leakage currents. The results show that nMOS devices reduce the leakage currents by 97.35%, whereas pMOS devices reduce the leakage currents by 92.20%. Thus, nMOS outperform pMOS devices in leakage currents optimization. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Memristors

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