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Automated analysis of fundus images for the diagnosis of retinal diseases: a review

Research on Biomedical engineering 2024年第1期40卷 225-251页

作者： Berto, Alexa Scarpa, Fabio Tsiknakis, Nikos Manikis, Georgios Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Marias, Kostas Scarpa, Alberto D-Eye s.r.l. Padua Italy Department of Information Engineering University of Padova Padua35131 Italy Heraklion70013 Greece Department of Biomedical Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology FORTH Ioannina45115 Greece Department of Materials Science and Engineering Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems University of Ioannina Ioannina45110 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion71004 Greece

Purpose: Colour fundus images are widely used in diagnosis treatment decision of several retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These very common conditions must be detected early and monitored to prevent progression and avoid permanent damage. Fundus images revealed to be useful also for the diagnosis of cataracts. In recent years, various automatic diagnostic support methods have been proposed in the literature, with the aim of facilitating widespread screening and obtaining quantitative, objective, and reproducible information. Methods: In this review paper, an overview of traditional, machine learning and modern deep learning techniques for ophthalmic disease diagnosis (i.e. glaucoma, DR, AMD, and cataract) using retinal fundus images is presented. In addition, various publicly available image datasets used for such purposes are described. Results: The current main challenges and findings are identified, as well as common aspects and discrepancies between the various methods developed for the various diseases. Conclusion: The overview of what has been done about all pathologies, rather than only on a specific one, could favour a migration of the best solutions and, hopefully, the development of a more precise and clinically useful automatic analysis of all pathologies. Important critical insights and research trends are also discussed. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2023.

关键词： Pathology

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CUPREDS: Multi-sensor Point Cloud Mapping for Local Navigation

CUPREDS: Multi-sensor Point Cloud Mapping for Local Navigati...

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IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

作者： Carlos Tojal Luis Conde Bento Paulo Peixoto Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal ESTG Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Leiria Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9798350352344

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352351

Robot mapping usually benefits from the combination of several sensors. However, most algorithms for Simultaneous Localization And Mapping using point clouds only consider a single point cloud as input. There are also scenarios where SLAM is not needed and a simple local map representation without probabilities is preferred, for example due to throughput requirements. For these scenarios, software is needed that combines multiple point clouds into a unified, short-lived, robot-centric representation. Mapping software is only one tool in the software stack and should not compromise other components, which is why its performance-oriented design is of utmost importance. CUPREDS presents a ROS package for local mapping that prioritizes robustness and performance, with minimal overhead for its internal mechanisms.

关键词： Point cloud compression Simultaneous localization and mapping Navigation Software architecture Software algorithms Throughput Software

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A Patient Specific Algorithm for Plasmodium Malaria Detection on Cell Images

A Patient Specific Algorithm for Plasmodium Malaria Detectio...

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2023 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, NAECON 2023

作者： Narayanan, Barath Narayanan De Silva, Manawaduge Supun Hardie, Russell C. University of Dayton Research Institute Sensor and Software Systems Division Dayton United States University of Dayton Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dayton United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350338782

computer-aided detection of plasmodium malaria on cell images from digital microscopy provides an invaluable second opinion to medical experts. Traditionally, well-established deep learning algorithms are widely used to detect plasmodium, but these techniques have not been deployed due to the uninterpretable nature of the decisions made by the network. To address this, we present an ensemble method that fuses the predictions based on the class activation mapping (CAM) results from multiple networks via a novel selector network. We study the performance on a publicly available dataset of cell images by using three convolutional neural network architectures, Xception, ResNet50, and InceptionV3,to produce CAM results for the selector network and performance comparison. Our proposed approach helps enhance doctors' trust and outperforms the traditional methods by 1%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Diseases

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Computationally efficient driving cycle based design and optimisation for variable air gap axial flux machines

Computationally efficient driving cycle based design and opt...

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2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

作者： Weissitsch, Gabriel Klink, David Bramerdorfer, Gerd Heins, Greg Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Electric Drives and Power Electronics Linz Austria Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316445

Axial flux permanent magnet machines provide a unique set of possibilities and challenges to electric machine designers when compared to their radial flux counterparts. By varying the air gap width between the rotor and stator a mechanical rotor flux linkage control is made possible. This paper introduces a computationally efficient method of evaluating axial flux machines with air gap variation. The investigated machine is designed as a traction drive for a student racing series. Two different design scenarios are presented, comparing optimisation results from a single operating point and static air gap model to a variable air gap, driving cycle based design. A validation design is chosen for an in-depth investigation and a prototype motor is built and tested at a range of air gaps. This experimental data is compared to FEA results to validate the model. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： air gap variation axial flux permanent magnet machine finite element (FE) multiobjective optimisation

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Multi-Sensor Aircraft Classification

Multi-Sensor Aircraft Classification

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2023 Congress in computer Science, computer engineering, and Applied Computing, CSCE 2023

作者： Bolton, Sarah Dill, Richard Grimaila, Michael R. Hodson, Douglas D. Air Force Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wright-Patterson AFBOH United States Air Force Institute of Technology Department of Systems Engineering and Management Wright-Patterson AFBOH United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327595

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a useful tool to for air traffic controllers, military and other sources that are invested in understanding a national or global air picture. While it is highly available, it can sometimes lack integrity due to hacking, spoofing or, even, unintentional inaccuracies in the broadcast. Unlike primary radar, ADS-B's lack of trustworthiness makes it not feasible to rely on it alone. Fusing other data sources with ADS-B can help confirm the accuracy of the broadcasts or allow ADS-B to act as a surrogate for primary radar and bolster the information that primary radar can provide. This paper presents an effective method of using ADS-B data as a surrogate for primary 3D radar by combining the kinematic information that ADS-B data provides with weather and aircraft images to make predictions about aircraft characteristics. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast classification machine learning Multivariate Long Short-Term Memory - Fully Convolutional Network open-source data sensor fusion

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Arbitrarily polarized bound states in the continuum with twisted photonic crystal slabs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 542-550页

作者： Haoye Qin Zengping Su Mengqi Liu Yixuan Zeng Man-Chung Tang Mengyao Li Yuzhi Shi Wei Huang Cheng-Wei Qiu Qinghua Song Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Suzhou institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Suzhou 215123China

Arbitrary polarized vortex beam induced by polarization singularity offers a new platform for both classical optics and quantum entanglement *** states in the continuum(BICs)have been demonstrated to be associated with topological charge and vortex polarization singularities in momentum *** conventional symmetric photonic crystal slabs(PhCSs),BIC is enclosed by linearly polarized far fields with winding angle of 2π,which is unfavorable for high-capacity and multi-functionality integration-optics ***,we show that by breakingσz-symmetry of the PhCS,asymmetry in upward and downward directions and arbitrarily polarized BIC can be realized with a bilayer-twisted *** exhibits elliptical polarization states with constant ellipticity angle at every point in momentum space within the vicinity of *** topological nature of BIC reflects on the orientation angle of polarization state,with a topological charge of 1 for any value of ellipticity *** coverage of Poincarésphere(i.e.,-π/4≤X≤4 and-π/2≤ψ≤π/2)and higher-order Poincarésphere can be realized by tailoring the twist *** findings may open up new avenues for applications in structured light,quantum optics,and twistronics for photons.

关键词： Poincaré polarized twisted

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Interaction-aware Maneuver Prediction for Autonomous Vehicles using Interaction Graphs

Interaction-aware Maneuver Prediction for Autonomous Vehicle...

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IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Iago Pachêco Gomes Cristiano Premebida Denis Fernando Wolf Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science University of São Paulo Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Portugal

Intention prediction (IP) is a challenging task for intelligent vehicle’s perception systems. IP provides the likelihood, or probability, of a target vehicle to perform a maneuver subjected to a finite set of possibilities. There are many factors that influence the decision-making process of a driver, which should be considered in a prediction framework. In addition, the lack of labeled large-scale dataset with maneuver annotation imposes another challenge to the task. This paper proposes an Interaction-aware Maneuver Prediction framework, called IAMP, using interaction graphs to extract complex interaction features from traffic scenes. In addition, we explored a semi-supervised approach called Noisy Student to take advantage of unlabeled data in the training step. Experimental results show relevant improvement when using unlabeled data, increasing the average performance of a classifier by 7.17% of accuracy. Moreover, this approach also made it possible to obtain an intention predictor with similar results to a classifier., even when using a shorter observation horizon.

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Late-Fusion Multimodal Human Detection Based on RGB and Thermal Images for Robotic Perception

Late-Fusion Multimodal Human Detection Based on RGB and Ther...

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European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR)

作者： Elísio Sousa Kennedy O. S. Mota Iago P. Gomes Luís Garrote Denis F. Wolf Cristiano Premebida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Portugal Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science University of São Paulo Brazil

This paper addresses the problem of detecting humans in RGB and Thermal (long-wave IR) images taken by cameras mounted onboard a mobile robot. Human/Pedestrian detection is currently one of the most pertinent object detection problems, mainly due to safety concerns in autonomous vehicles. The majority of approaches apply deep-learning techniques based solely on RGB images. However, they have a few shortcomings, namely that during foggy weather, nighttime, and low-light scenarios, these images may not contain sufficient information. To address these issues, this work studies the use of thermal cameras as a complementary source of information for human detection in indoor and outdoor environments. The proposed approach uses YOLOv5 to detect pedestrians in both thermal and RGB images. Moreover, the different modalities are combined using early and late fusion techniques. Evaluation of the proposed approach is carried out in the FLIR Aligned dataset and in a new in-house dataset. Results indicate that the use of fusion techniques highlights a promising way to improve the overall performance in this application domain.

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Human Emotions Classification Using EEG via Audiovisual Stimuli and AI

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5075-5089页

作者： Abdullah A Asiri Akhtar Badshah Fazal Muhammad Hassan A Alshamrani Khalil Ullah Khalaf A Alshamrani Samar Alqhtani Muhammad Irfan Hanan Talal Halawani Khlood M Mehdar Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Department of Software Engineering University of MalakandDir LowerPakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Anatomy Department Medicine CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia

Electroencephalogram(EEG)is a medical imaging technology that can measure the electrical activity of the scalp produced by the brain,measured and recorded chronologically the surface of the scalp from the *** recorded signals from the brain are rich with useful *** inference of this useful information is a challenging *** paper aims to process the EEG signals for the recognition of human emotions specifically happiness,anger,fear,sadness,and surprise in response to audiovisual *** EEG signals are recorded by placing neurosky mindwave headset on the subject’s scalp,in response to audiovisual stimuli for the mentioned *** a bandpass filter with a bandwidth of 1-100 Hz,recorded raw EEG signals are *** preprocessed signals then further analyzed and twelve selected features in different domains are *** Random forest(RF)and multilayer perceptron(MLP)algorithms are then used for the classification of the emotions through extracted *** proposed audiovisual stimuli based EEG emotion classification system shows an average classification accuracy of 80%and 88%usingMLP and RF classifiers respectively on hybrid features for experimental signals of different *** proposed model outperforms in terms of cost and accuracy.

关键词： Electroencephalography emotion classification signal processing multilayer perceptron random forest

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Eye-tracking in Mixed Reality for Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases 46

Eye-tracking in Mixed Reality for Diagnosis of Neurodegenera...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Daniol, Mateusz Hemmerling, Daria Sikora, Jakub Jemiolo, Pawel Wodzinski, Marek Wojcik-Pedziwiatr, Magdalena Agh University of Kraków Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering Krakow Poland Information Systems Institute Sierre Switzerland Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Department of Neurology Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Parkinson's disease ranks as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally. This research aims to develop a system leveraging Mixed Reality capabilities for tracking and assessing eye movements. In this paper, we present a medical scenario and outline the development of an application designed to capture eye-tracking signals through Mixed Reality technology for the evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we introduce a pipeline for extracting clinically relevant features from eye-gaze analysis, describing the capabilities of the proposed system from a medical perspective. The study involved a cohort of healthy control individuals and patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, showcasing the feasibility and potential of the proposed technology for non-intrusive monitoring of eye movement patterns for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative *** relevance - Developing a non-invasive biomarker for Parkinson' s disease is urgently needed to accurately detect the disease's onset. This would allow for the timely introduction of neuroprotective treatment at the earliest stage and enable the continuous monitoring of intervention outcomes. The ability to detect subtle changes in eye movements allows for early diagnosis, offering a critical window for intervention before more pronounced symptoms emerge. Eye tracking provides objective and quantifiable biomarkers, ensuring reliable assessments of disease progression and cognitive function. The eye gaze analysis using Mixed Reality glasses is wireless, facilitating convenient assessments in both home and hospital settings. The approach offers the advantage of utilizing hardware that requires no additional specialized attachments, enabling examinations through personal eyewear © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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