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Three Dimensional Light Microscopy: Imaging &Corrections for Quantitative Analysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis 2020年第S2期5卷 522-523页

作者： J.N. Turner W. hain D.H. Szarowski S. Lasek L. Kam A. Can K. Al-Kofahi B. Roysam Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health The University at Albany Albany New York12201 School of Public Health The University at Albany Albany New York12201 Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York12180 Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York12180

There are several forms of three-dimensional (3-D) light microscopy but all utilize the principle of optical section recording, i.e. the 3-D image is a sequence of two-dimensional (2-D) images called optical sections. The optical sections are particular focal planes formed within the thick specimen and usually correspond to the conventional image projections recorded in a light microscope, referred to as x,y projections. The optical sections are recorded for a sequence of focus- or z-positions. This “stack” of 2-D images is the data set for the 3-D image. If quantitative analysis is to be performed on the 3-D images, the choice of the z-dimension increment between 2-D images is especially important, and its value may be more or less critical depending on the analysis algorithm used. A reasonable starting value for this dimension is the depth-of-field of the objective lens, but the actual value may have to be smaller to optimize the image analysis or larger to decrease the influence of photobleaching. The most photostable dyes should be selected and the specimen should be mounted in index-of-refraction matching media with an *** image resolution in all three-dimensions is determined by the 3-D point-spread-function (psf), and as a rough rule of thumb the z-resolution is degraded by a factor of 3 relative to the x,y resolution. To achieve or at least approach isotropic resolution the 3-D image can be deconvolved. Figure 1 shows the 2-D maximum value projection of a 3-D image of a cultured glial cell dual labeled for actin and vinculin before and after deconvolution. The actin fibers and vinculin focal contacts are more clearly resolved after deconvolution. Although a single cultured cell might traditionally be considered a thin object, it is really a thick object if the desired spatial resolution is less than the thickness of the cell. It is desirable to image as deep into a thick object as possible to maximize the tissue volume sampled. However, it has be

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Reliable Distributed Computing for Metaverse: A Hierarchical Game-Theoretic Approach

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Jiang, Yuna Kang, Jiawen Niyato, Dusit Ge, Xiaohu Xiong, Zehui Miao, Chunyan Shen, Xuemin School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Shenzhen Huazhong University Science and Technology Research Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518063 China The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

The metaverse is regarded as a new wave of technological transformation that provides a virtual space for people to interact through digital avatars. To achieve immersive user experiences in the metaverse, real-time rendering is the key technology. However, computing intensive tasks of real-time rendering from metaverse service providers cannot be processed efficiently on a single resource-limited mobile device. Alternatively, such mobile devices can offload the metaverse rendering tasks to other mobile devices by adopting the collaborative computing paradigm based on Coded Distributed Computing (CDC). Therefore, this paper introduces a hierarchical game-theoretic CDC framework for the metaverse services, especially for vehicular metaverse. In the framework, idle resources from vehicles, acting as CDC workers, are aggregated to handle intensive computation tasks in the vehicular metaverse. Specifically, in the upper layer, a miner coalition formation game is formulated based on a reputation metric to select reliable workers. To guarantee the reliable management of reputation values, the reputation values calculated based on the subjective logical model are maintained in a blockchain database. In the lower layer, a Stackelberg game based incentive mechanism is considered to attract reliable workers selected in the upper layer to participate in rendering tasks. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed framework is resistant to malicious workers. Compared with the best-effort worker selection scheme, the proposed scheme can improve the utility of metaverse service provider and average profit of CDC workers. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blockchain

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Phonon modes and Raman signatures of MnBi2nTe3n+1 (n=1,2,3,4) magnetic topological heterostructures

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Cho, Yujin Kang, Jin Ho Liang, Liangbo Kong, Xiangru Ghosh, Subhajit Kargar, Fariborz Hu, Chaowei Balandin, Alexander A. Puretzky, Alexander A. Ni, Ni Wong, Chee Wei Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy California Nano Systems Institute University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

An intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 can be realized by intercalating Mn-Te bilayer chain in a topological insulator, Bi2Te3. MnBi2Te4 provides not only a stable platform to demonstrate exotic physical phenomena, but also easy tunability of the physical properties. For example, inserting more Bi2Te3 layers in between two adjacent MnBi2Te4 weakens the interlayer magnetic interactions between the MnBi2Te4 layers. Here we present the first observations on the inter- and intra-layer phonon modes of MnBi2nTe3n+1 (n=1,2,3,4) using cryogenic low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. We experimentally and theoretically distinguish the Raman vibrational modes using various polarization configurations. The two peaks at 66 cm-1 and 112 cm-1 show an abnormal perturbation in the Raman linewidths below the magnetic transition temperature due to spin-phonon coupling. In MnBi4Te7, the Bi2Te3 layers induce Davydov splitting of the A1g mode around 137 cm-1 at 5 K. Using the linear chain model, we estimate the out-of-plane interlayer force constant to be (3.98 ± 0.14) × 1019 N/m3 at 5 K, three times weaker than that of Bi2Te3. Our work discovers the dynamics of phonon modes of the MnBi2Te4 and the effect of the additional Bi2Te3 layers, providing the first-principles guidance to tailor the physical properties of layered heterostructures. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electric insulators

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Cooperative Schedule-Driven Intersection Control with Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Cooperative Schedule-Driven Intersection Control with Connec...

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2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Hsu-Chieh Hu Stephen F. Smith Rick Goldstein Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA Robotics Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA

Recent work in decentralized, schedule-driven traffic control has demonstrated the ability to improve the efficiency of traffic flow in complex urban road networks. In this approach, a scheduling agent is associated with each intersection. Each agent senses the traffic approaching its intersection and in real-time constructs a schedule that minimizes the cumulative wait time of vehicles approaching the intersection over the current look-ahead horizon. In this paper, we propose a cooperative algorithm that utilizes both connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) and schedule-driven traffic control to create better traffic flow in the city. The algorithm enables an intersection scheduling agent to adjust the arrival time of an approaching platoon through use of wireless communication to control the velocity of vehicles. The sequence of approaching platoons is thus shifted toward a new shape that has smaller cumulative delay. We demonstrate how this algorithm outperforms the original approach in a real-time traffic signal control problem.

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Data-driven uncertainty quantification in computational human head models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Upadhyay, Kshitiz Giovanis, Dimitris G. Alshareef, Ahmed Knutsen, Andrew K. Johnson, Curtis L. Carass, Aaron Bayly, Philip V. Shields, Michael D. Ramesh, K.T. Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Civil and Systems Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine BethesdaMD20814 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States

Computational models of the human head are promising tools for estimating the impact-induced strain response of brain, and thus play an important role in the study and prediction of traumatic brain injury. Modern biofidelic head model simulations are associated with very high computational cost, and high-dimensional inputs and outputs, which limits the applicability of traditional uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods on these systems. In this study, a data-driven manifold learning-based surrogate modeling framework is proposed for UQ of computational head models. This framework is demonstrated on a specific model problem of a 2D subject-specific head model, where the goal is to quantify uncertainty in the simulated strain fields (i.e., output), given the variability in the material properties of different brain substructures (i.e., input). In the first stage of the proposed framework, a data-driven method based on multi-dimensional Gaussian kernel-density estimation and diffusion maps is used to generate realizations of the input random vector of material properties directly from the available data. Computational simulations of a small number of realizations provide input-output pairs for training data-driven surrogate models in the second stage. The surrogate models employ nonlinear dimensionality reduction using Grassmannian diffusion maps to identify a latent representation of the strain fields, Gaussian process regression to create a low-cost mapping between the input random vector and the reduced solution space, and geometric harmonics models for mapping between the reduced space and the Grassmann manifold. It is demonstrated that the surrogate models, even with small training dataset, lead to highly accurate approximations of the computational model while significantly reducing the computational cost. Monte Carlo simulations of the surrogate models are used for uncertainty propagation. UQ of strain fields highlight significant spatial variation in model unc

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Fast event identification through subspace characterization of PMU data in power systems

Fast event identification through subspace characterization ...

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2017 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2017

作者： Li, Wenting Wang, Meng Chow, Joe H. Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622124

This paper proposes a data-driven fast event identification method based on the measurements of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The central idea is to characterize an event by the low-dimensional subspace spanned by the dominant singular vectors of a data matrix that contains spatial-temporal blocks of PMU data. A dictionary of subspaces that correspond to different events are established off-line, and an event is identified online with the most similar subspace in the dictionary. Both theoretical and numerical analysis demonstrate that the subspace of PMU data is characteristic of system events and is robust to system initial conditions. This compact representation reduces the dictionary size and the computational time of the event identification method. The proposed method is evaluated numerically on simulated events in an IEEE 68-bus power systems. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Phasor measurement units

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Dry synthesis of bi-layer nanoporous metal films as plasmonic metamaterial

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Caligiuri, Vincenzo Kwon, Hyunah Griesi, Andrea Ivanov, Yurii P. Schirato, Andrea Alabastri, Alessandro Cuscunà, Massimo Balestra, Gianluca De Luca, Antonio Tapani, Tlek Lin, Haifeng Maccaferri, Nicolò Krahne, Roman Divitini, Giorgio Fischer, Peer Garoli, Denis Dip. di Scienze e Metodi dell'Ingegneria Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia via Amendola 2 Reggio Emilia42122 Italy Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 Genova16136 Italy Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials Heidelberg University Heidelberg69120 Germany Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Heidelberg69120 Germany Deparment of Physics Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 MilanI-20133 Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-378 HoustonTX77005 United States Institute of Nanotechnology CNR NANOTEC c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce73100 Italy Department of Physics Umea University Linnaeus v€ag 24 UmeaSE-90187 Sweden Dipartimento di Fisica Università della Calabria via P. Bucci 33b CS Rende87036 Italy SS di Rende via P. Bucci 33c Rende87036 Italy

Nanoporous metals are a class of nanostructured materials finding extensive applications in multiple fields thanks to their unique properties attributed to their high surface area and interconnected nanoscale ligaments. They can be prepared following different strategies, but the deposition of an arbitrary pure porous metal is still challenging. Recently, a dry synthesis of nanoporous films based on the plasma treatment of metal thin layers deposited by physical vapour deposition has been demonstrated, as a general route to form pure nanoporous films from a large set of metals. An interesting aspect related to this approach is the possibility to apply the same methodology to deposit the porous films as a multilayer. In this way, it is possible to explore the properties of different porous metals in close contact. As demonstrated in this paper, interesting plasmonic properties emerge in a nanoporous Au-Ag bi-layer. The versatility of the method coupled with the possibility to include many different metals, provides an opportunity to tailor their optical resonances and to exploit the chemical and mechanical properties of components, which is of great interest to applications ranging from sensing, to photochemistry and photocatalysis. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Plasmonics

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LIDAR and Monocular Camera Fusion: On-road Depth Completion for Autonomous Driving

LIDAR and Monocular Camera Fusion: On-road Depth Completion ...

引用

International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Chen Fu Christoph Mertz John M. Dolan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538670255

LIDAR and RGB cameras are commonly used sensors in autonomous vehicles. However, both of them have limitations: LIDAR provides accurate depth but is sparse in vertical and horizontal resolution; RGB images provide dense texture but lack depth information. In this paper, we fuse LIDAR and RGB images by a deep neural network, which completes a denser pixel-wise depth map. The proposed architecture reconstructs the pixel-wise depth map, taking advantage of both the dense color features and sparse 3D spatial features. We applied the early fusion technique and fine-tuned the ResNet model as the encoder. The designed Residual Up-Projection block recovers the spatial resolution of the feature map and captures context within the depth map. We introduced a depth feature tensor which propagates context information from encoder blocks to decoder blocks. Our proposed method is evaluated on the large-scale indoor NYUdepthV2 and KITTI odometry datasets and outperforms the state-of-the-art single RGB image and depth fusion method. The proposed method is also evaluated on a reduced-resolution KITTI dataset which synthesizes the planar LIDAR and RGB image fusion.

关键词： Laser radar Autonomous vehicles Three-dimensional displays Cameras Sensors Training Decoding

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The Lagrangian remainder of Taylor’s series, distinguishes O(f(x)) time complexities to polynomials or not

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Bakas, Nikolaos P. Kosmatopoulos, Elias Chatzichristofis, Savvas A. Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center Cyprus Institute 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street Aglantzia Nicosia2121 Cyprus Democritus University of Thrace Electrical and Computer engineering Intelligent Systems Lab Department of Computer Science Neapolis University Pafos 2 Danais Avenue Pafos8042 Cyprus

The purpose of this letter is to investigate the time complexity consequences of the truncated Taylor series, known as Taylor Polynomials [1–3]. In particular, it is demonstrated that the examination of the P = NP equality, is associated with the determination of whether the nth derivative of a particular solution is bounded or not. Accordingly, in some cases, this is not true, and hence in general. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Taylor series

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RISCuer: A Reliable Multi-UAV Search and Rescue Testbed

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Abdelkader, Mohamed Fiaz, Usman A. Toumi, Noureddine Mabrok, Mohamed A. Shamma, Jeff S. Lab King Abdullah University of Science & Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Group for Research in Decision Analysis Polytechnique Montreal QC Canada Department of Mathematics School of Engineering Australian College of Kuwait Kuwait

We present the robotics Intelligent systems & Control (RISC) Lab multiagent testbed for reliable search and rescue and aerial transport in outdoor environments. The system consists of a team of three multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are capable of autonomously searching, picking up, and transporting randomly distributed objects in an outdoor field. The method involves vision based object detection and localization, passive aerial grasping with our novel design, GPS based UAV navigation, and safe release of the objects at the drop zone. Our cooperative strategy ensures safe spatial separation between UAVs at all times and we prevent any conflicts at the drop zone using communication enabled consensus. All computation is performed onboard each UAV. We describe the complete software and hardware architecture for the system and demonstrate its reliable performance using comprehensive outdoor experiments, and by comparing our results with some recent, similar works. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antennas

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