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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ntontin, Konstantinos Alexandros-Apostolos, A. Boulogeorgos Björnson, Emil Selimis, Dimitrios Martins, Wallace Alves Kisseleff, Steven Abadal, Sergi Alarcón, Eduard Papazafeiropoulos, Anastasios Lazarakis, Fotis Alexiou, Angeliki Chatzinotas, Symeon University of Luxembourg L-1855 Luxembourg The Department of Digital Systems University of Piraeus Piraeus18534 Greece The Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University Linköping581 83 Sweden The Department of Computer Science KTH Kista164 40 Sweden The Wireless Communications Laboratory The Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications National Centre for Scientific Research-Demokritos Athens Greece Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona08034 Spain The Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group University of Hertfordshire Hatfield AL10 9AB United Kingdom The SnT University of Luxembourg Luxembourg City4365 Luxembourg

In this work, we examine the potential of autonomous operation of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) using wireless energy harvesting from information signals. To this end, we first identify the main RIS power-consuming components and introduce a suitable power-consumption model. Subsequently, we introduce a novel RIS power-splitting architecture that enables simultaneous energy harvesting and beamsteering. Specifically, a subset of the RIS unit cells (UCs) is used for beamsteering while the remaining ones absorb energy. For the subset allocation, we propose policies obtained as solutions to two optimization problems. The first problem aims at maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver without violating the RIS's energy harvesting demands. Additionally, the objective of the second problem is to maximize the RIS harvested power, while ensuring an acceptable SNR at the receiver. We prove that under particular propagation conditions, some of the proposed policies deliver the optimal solution of the two problems. Furthermore, we report numerical results that reveal the efficiency of the policies with respect to the optimal and very high-complexity brute-force design approach. Finally, through a case study of user tracking, we showcase that the RIS power-consumption demands can be secured by harvesting energy from information signals. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Conceptual Foundations of the Use of Formal Models and Methods for the Rapid Creation of Web Applications

Conceptual Foundations of the Use of Formal Models and Metho...

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IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing systems

作者： Sergii Telenyk Grzegorz Nowakowski Eduard Zharikov Jewhenii Vovk Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cracow University of Technology Department of Automatic Control and Information Technology Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cracow University of Technology Department of Automation and Control in Technical Systems National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"

ISBN: (纸本)9781728140704

The problem of the rapid creation of effective web applications of one class using formal means is considered. A conceptual approach to its solution is offered based on an analysis of the peculiarities of the construction of web applications. Our approach is based on defining the standard web application architecture and selecting its components using formal methods in accordance with user requirements. A formal logical system is proposed that uses the design of web applications as a process of outputting a formula specified according to the needs of the user, which defines the schemes of execution of the modules of the system. An important feature of this approach is the ability to visualise the process of designing the system in 3D, which creates the conditions for effective interaction between developers and machine development tools.

关键词： Web-applications Application construction Business processes Mathematical logic web applications Mathematical logic conceptual User needs Developers

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Locality in index coding for large min-rank

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Natarajan, Lakshmi Dau, Hoang Krishnan, Prasad Lalitha, V. Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Melbourne Australia Signal Processing & Communications Research Center International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India

An index code is said to be locally decodable if each receiver can decode its demand using its side information and by querying only a subset of the transmitted codeword symbols instead of observing the entire codeword. Local decodability can be a beneficial feature in some communication scenarios, such as when the receivers can afford to listen to only a part of the transmissions because of limited availability of power. The locality of an index code is the ratio of the maximum number of codeword symbols queried by a receiver to the message length. In this paper we analyze the optimum locality of linear codes for the family of index coding problems whose min-rank is one less than the number of receivers in the network. We first derive the optimal trade-off between the index coding rate and locality with vector linear coding when the side information graph is a directed cycle. We then provide the optimal trade-off achieved by scalar linear coding for a larger family of problems, viz., problems where the min-rank is only one less than the number of receivers. While the arguments used for achievability are based on known coding techniques, the converse arguments rely on new results on the structure of locally decodable index codes. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decoding

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Coping with large traffic volumes in schedule-driven traffic signal control

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Hu, Hsu-Chieh Smith, Stephen F. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

Recent work in decentralized, schedule-driven traffic control has demonstrated the ability to significantly improve traffic flow efficiency in complex urban road networks. However, in situations where vehicle volumes increase to the point that the physical capacity of a road network reaches or exceeds saturation, it has been observed that the effectiveness of a schedule-driven approach begins to degrade, leading to progressively higher network congestion. In essence, the traffic control problem becomes less of a scheduling problem and more of a queue management problem in this circumstance. In this paper we propose a composite approach to real-time traffic control that uses sensed information on queue lengths to influence scheduling decisions and gracefully shift the signal control strategy to queue management in high volume/ high congestion settings. Specifically, queue-length information is used to establish weights for the sensed vehicle clusters that must be scheduled through a given intersection at any point, and hence bias the wait time minimization calculation. To compute these weights, we develop a model in which successive movement phases are viewed as different states of an Ising model, and parameters quantify strength of interactions. To ensure scalability, queue information is only exchanged between direct neighbors and the asynchronous nature of local intersection scheduling is preserved. We demonstrate the potential of the approach through microscopic traffic simulation of a real-world road network, showing a 60% reduction in average wait times over the baseline scheduledriven approach in heavy traffic scenarios. We also report initial field test results, which show the ability to reduce queues during heavy traffic periods. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ising model

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Wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect

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Physical Review B 2022年第7期106卷 075409-075409页

作者： Zhihao Chen Yu Chen Yaodong Wu Xinxing Zhou Handong Sun Tony Low Hongsheng Chen Xiao Lin Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT) School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China

The photonic spin Hall effect is a manifestation of the spin-orbit interaction of light and can be measured by a transverse shift δ of photons with opposite spins. The precise measurement of transverse shifts can enable many spin-related applications, such as precise metrology and optical sensing. However, this transverse shift is generally small (i.e., δ/λ<10−1, where λ is the wavelength), which impedes its precise measurement. To date, proposals to generate a giant spin Hall effect (namely, with δ/λ>102) have severe limitations, particularly its occurrence only over a narrow angular cone (with a width of Δθ<1∘). Here we propose a universal scheme to realize the wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect with Δθ>70∘ by exploiting the interface between free space and uniaxial epsilon-near-zero media. The underlying mechanism is ascribed to the almost-perfect polarization splitting between s and p polarized waves at the designed interface. Remarkably, this almost-perfect polarization splitting does not resort to the interference effect and is insensitive to the incident angle, which then gives rise to the wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect.

关键词： Light-matter interaction Photonics Spin Hall effect Spin-orbit coupling

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Metasurface-coated devices: A new paradigm for energy-efficient and secure 6G communications

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. Valagiannopoulos, Constantinos Liu, Hongwu Boulogeorgos, Alexandros-Apostolos A. Miridakis, Nikolaos I. The Department of Physics Nazarbayev University Nur-SultanKZ-010000 Kazakhstan The School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan250357 China The Department of Digital Systems University of Piraeus Piraeus18534 Greece The Institute of Physical Internet School of Intelligent Systems Science & Engineering Jinan University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519070 China The Dept. of Informatics and Computer Engineering University of West Attica Aegaleo12243 Greece

The sixth-generation (6G) era comes with the challenge of offering highly energy-efficient and autonomous communications securely. In this direction, we report energy efficiency (EE), energy harvesting (EH), and secure performance by employing power-collecting metasurface-coated devices capable of supporting ultra-low-power (ULP) transmissions. Contrary to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), where the reflected signal can be combined at the receiver by being treated as transmitted from a relay, the proposed metasurface claddings can be deployed at either or both the transmitter and receiver. The passive metasurface-coated devices can achieve ultra-high EE and EH besides the signal detection, combined with an enhanced secrecy rate at the legitimate user and/or improved spying capabilities of the eavesdroppers under ULP transmission. To quantify their efficiency, we provide a holistic model for the utilization of the metasurface shells. Building upon the aforementioned model, preliminary results are presented that reveal the unprecedented superiority of the proposed concept compared to the RIS paradigm. Additionally, we enumerate the main advantages of the new concept and define its role in the 6G era. Finally, possible research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Controlling a networked SIS model via a single input over undirected graphs

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Dan Liu, Ji Paré, Philip E. Chen, Wei Qiu, Li Beck, Carolyn L. Başar, Tamer Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University NY11794 United States Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Peking University Beijing China Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL61801 United States

This paper formulates and studies the problem of controlling a networked SIS model using a single input in which the network structure is described by a connected undirected graph. A necessary and sufficient condition on the values of curing and infection rates for the healthy state to be exponentially stable is obtained via the analysis of signed Laplacians when the control input is the curing budget of a single agent. In the case when the healthy state is stabilizable, an explicit expression for the minimum curing budget is provided. The utility of the algorithm is demonstrated using a simulation over a network of cities in the northeastern United States. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Budget control

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Vehicle Detection of Multi-source Remote Sensing Data Using Active Fine-tuning Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wu, Xin Li, Wei Hong, Danfeng Tian, Jiaojiao Tao, Ran Du, Qian School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems Beijing100081 China Wessling82234 Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State University Mississippi StateMS39762 United States

This is a pre-print of a paper accepted by ISPRS Journal Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Please note that compared to the published version, we corrected several F1-Scores in Tables (marked in red) due to miscalculation. Vehicle detection in remote sensing images has attracted increasing interest in recent years. However, its detection ability is limited due to lack of well-annotated samples, especially in densely crowded scenes. Furthermore, since a list of remotely sensed data sources is available, efficient exploitation of useful information from multi-source data for better vehicle detection is challenging. To solve the above issues, a multi-source active fine-tuning vehicle detection (Ms-AFt) framework is proposed, which integrates transfer learning, segmentation, and active classification into a unified framework for auto-labeling and detection. The proposed Ms-AFt employs a fine-tuning network to firstly generate a vehicle training set from an unlabeled dataset. To cope with the diversity of vehicle categories, a multi-source based segmentation branch is then designed to construct additional candidate object sets. The separation of high quality vehicles is realized by a designed attentive classifications network. Finally, all three branches are combined to achieve vehicle detection. Extensive experimental results conducted on two open ISPRS benchmark datasets, namely the Vaihingen village and Potsdam city datasets, demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed Ms-AFt for vehicle detection. In addition, the generalization ability of Ms-AFt in dense remote sensing scenes is further verified on stereo aerial imagery of a large camping site. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Remote sensing

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Experimental demonstration of an electrically tunable broadband coherent perfect absorber based on a graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structure

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Photonics Research 2019年第8期7卷 868-874页

作者： JIN ZHANG XINGZHAN WEI MALIN PREMARATNE WEIREN ZHU Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory(AχL) Department of Electrical and Computer Systems EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the operation of an electrically tunable, broadband coherent perfect absorption(CPA) at microwave frequencies by harnessing the CPA features of a graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structure(GSS). Using both a simplified lumped circuit model and full-wave numerical simulation, it is found that the microwave coherent absorptivity of the GSS can be tuned dynamically from nearly 50% to 100% by changing the Fermi level of the graphene. Strikingly, our simplified lumped circuit model agrees very well with the full-wave numerical model, offering valuable insight into the CPA operation of the device. The angle dependency of coherent absorption in the GSS is further investigated, making suggestions for achieving CPA at wide angles up to 80°. To show the validity and accuracy of our theory and numerical simulations, a GSS prototype is fabricated and measured in a C-band waveguide system. The reasonably good agreement between the experimental and the simulated results confirms that the tunable coherent absorption in GSS can be electrically controlled by changing the Fermi level of the graphene.

关键词： GSS electrolyte Experimental demonstration

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Evaluation of carbon based interconnects for digital signalling in printed flexible electronics on sustainable substrates

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2025年

作者： Wang, Zixin Saleh, Mahdi Alwattar, Aula Alfredsson, Maria Horne, Robert J. Ang, Chee S. Condell, Joan Flowers, Emily Matcham, Faith Robinson, Tony Rooksby, John Saha, Sian Rose, Louise Batchelor, John C. Casson, Alexander J. Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials Manchester United Kingdom The University of Manchester School of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Manchester United Kingdom The University of Manchester School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry Manchester United Kingdom University of Kent School of Chemistry and Forensic Science Canterbury United Kingdom University of Kent School of Engineering Canterbury United Kingdom University of Kent School of Computing Canterbury United Kingdom Ulster University School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Derry United Kingdom King’s College London Division of Digital Health and Applied Technology Assessment London United Kingdom University of Sussex School of Psychology Falmer United Kingdom Northumbria University Department of Computer and Information Sciences Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom

Printed electronics using flexible substrates are an emerging area, allowing next-generation electronics to conform and flex with different surfaces, from human skin to clothing. In the hybrid integration, or sea-of-rigids, approach, conventional microchips are mounted onto (generally) plastic substrates such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), with (typically) printed silver tracks for interconnections between components. An ongoing research direction is to replace plastic substrates with biodegradable substrates and to replace silver tracks with non-heavy metal-based tracks. While the substrates and tracks form only part of an overall system, replacing them is a step towards increased sustainability and helps to meet net-zero goals for printed electronic systems. Previously, several papers have investigated printed carbon tracks for low-frequency analog sensing applications. This paper explores the feasibility of using printed carbon tracks on biodegradable substrates for high-frequency applications such as digital signaling over a Serial-Peripheral Interface (SPI). We investigate the printability, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of carbon ink screen-printed onto six commercially available sustainable and flexible substrates. Our results demonstrate that multi-layer screen printing substantially reduced the electrical resistance of carbon tracks, enabling SPI communication at frequencies up to 16 MHz with three layers of carbon ink. A Natureflex™ substrate provided the best balance of printability, thermal stability, and electrical performance. Substrates such as greaseproof paper and ClearFilm PU showed potential for flexible electronics, but require further optimization. This study provides valuable insights into selecting and optimizing biodegradable substrates for high-frequency digital systems, supporting the move towards more sustainable printed electronics. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Variable frequency oscillators

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