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arXiv 2021年

作者： Weninger, Leon Srivastava, Pragya Zhou, Dale Kim, Jason Z. Cornblath, Eli J. Bertolero, Maxwell A. Habel, Ute Merhof, Dorit Bassett, Dani S. Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering & Applied Sciences University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision RWTH Aachen University Aachen52072 Germany Department of Neuroscience Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10 Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany Department of Physics & Astronomy College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM87501 United States

Signal propagation along the structural connectome of the brain induces changes in the patterns of activity. These activity patterns define global brain states and contain information in accordance with their expected probability of occurrence. Being the physical substrate upon which information propagates, the structural connectome, in conjunction with the dynamics, determines the set of possible brain states and constrains the transition between accessible states. Yet, precisely how these structural constraints on state-transitions relate to their information content remains unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge, we defined the information content as a function of the activation distribution, where statistically rare values of activation correspond to high information content. With this numerical definition in hand, we studied the spatiotemporal distribution of information content in fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project during different tasks, and report four key findings. First, information content strongly depends on cognitive context;its absolute level and spatial distribution depend on the cognitive task. Second, while information content shows similarities to other measures of brain activity, it is distinct from both Neurosynth maps and task contrast maps generated by a general linear model applied to the fMRI data. Third, the brain’s structural wiring constrains the cost to control its state, where the cost to transition into high information content states is larger than that to transition into low information content states. Finally, all state transitions—especially those to high information content states—are less costly than expected from random network null models, thereby indicating the brain’s marked efficiency. Taken together, our findings establish an explanatory link between the information contained in a brain state and the energetic cost of attaining that state, thereby laying important groundwork for our understanding of large-scal

关键词： Brain

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Preface

Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences

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Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences 2021年 485卷 v-viii页

作者： Faulwasser, Timm Müller, Matthias A. Worthmann, Karl Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Institute of Energy Systems Energy Efficiency and Energy Economics TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Institute of Automatic Control Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institute for Mathematics Optimization-based Control Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany

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Comparison of Gait Speed Estimation of Multiple Sensor-Based Technologies

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Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 2019年第1期8卷 135 - 139页

作者： Plinio P. Morita Adson S. Rocha George Shaker Doojin Lee Jing Wei Brandon Fong Anjali Thatte Amir-Hossein Karimi Lin Lin Xu Avery Ma Alex Wong Jennifer Boger School of Public Health and Health Systems University of WaterlooCentre for Global eHealth Innovation Techna Institute University Health NetworkInstitute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of TorontoDepartment of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooResearch Institute for Aging University of WaterlooWaterloo Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Waterloo School of Public Health and Health Systems University of WaterlooGoiano Federal Institute Research Institute for Aging University of WaterlooDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Waterloo Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooResearch Institute for Aging University of WaterlooWaterloo Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Waterloo Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooResearch Institute for Aging University of Waterloo

In light of our aging population, there is an immediate need for non-obtrusive, continuous, and ubiquitous health monitoring technologies that will enable our population to age with a higher quality of life and independence. Research has demonstrated that gait indicators, such as walking speed, can reflect cognitive and physical functioning. However, gradual changes in such indicators usually go undetected until critical problems arise; being able to detect changes in indicators, such as gait deterioration, of older adults while in their home environments would enable clinicians to tailor more effective and personalized interventions by better understanding user behaviour in real-world settings. Real-world data is essential to enabling our healthcare system to act where patients most need help and to optimize the effect of designed eHealth solutions.

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Anonymous Conference Key Agreement in Quantum Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Hahn, Frederik de Jong, Jarn Thalacker, Christopher Demirel, Bülent Barz, Stefanie Pappa, Anna Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Technische Universität Berlin Berlin10587 Germany Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies Universität Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany Universität Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany

Quantum Conference Key Agreement (CKA) is a cryptographic effort of multiple parties to establish a shared secret key. While bipartite quantum key distribution protocols are also useful in the context of CKA, multipartite protocols allow for a more efficient generation of the necessary correlations and are therefore viewed favorably in the context of quantum networks. In future quantum networks, generating secret keys in an anonymous way is of tremendous importance for parties that do not only want to keep their shared key secret but also protect their own identity, e.g. in the context of whistle-blowing. In this paper we provide the first protocol for Anonymous Quantum Conference Key Agreement and demonstrate it using four-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Zero Knowledge Proof based authentication protocol using graph isomorphism

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Saluja, Lavish Bhatia, Ashutosh Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani - Pilani Pilani India Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani - Pilani Pilani India

We live in an era of information and it is very important to handle the exchange of information. While sending data to an authorized source, we need to protect it from unauthorized sources, changes, and authentication. ZKP technique can be used in designing secure authentication systems which don’t involve any direct exchange of information between the claimant and the verifier thus preventing any possible leak of personal information. We propose a Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) algorithm based on isomorphic graphs. We suggest most of the computations should be carried out on user’s web browser without revealing the password to the server at any point of time. Instead, it will generate random graphs and their permutations based on the login ID and password. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Authentication

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Crowdsourcing with Heterogeneous Workers in Social Networks

Crowdsourcing with Heterogeneous Workers in Social Networks

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Chao Huang Haoran Yu Jianwei Huang Randall A Berry Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728109626

ISBN: (纸本)9781728109633

Many online social networking platforms are leveraging crowdsourcing to enhance the user experience. These platforms seek to incentivize heterogeneous workers to exert efforts to complete tasks (e.g., evaluation of posts and articles) and truthfully report their solutions. An output agreement mechanism (e.g., majority voting) is a common approach to this end. In an output agreement mechanism, a worker is rewarded according to whether his solution matches those of his peers. However, prior related work has not considered workers with heterogeneous solution accuracy and how this heterogeneity affects a platform's payoff. We fill this void by modeling and analyzing the interactions between a platform and workers as a two-stage Stackelberg game. In Stage I, the platform chooses the reward level for the majority voting to maximize its payoff. In Stage II, the workers decide their effort levels and reporting strategies to maximize their payoffs. We show that as a worker's solution accuracy increases, he is more likely to exert effort and truthfully report his solution at the equilibrium. However, given a fixed worker population, it is surprising that the platform's payoff does not monotonically increase in the number of high-accuracy workers. This is because a larger number of high-accuracy workers brings marginally decreasing benefit to the platform, but the rewards required to incentivize them may significantly grow. Moreover, we show that as the solutions of the high-accuracy workers become more accurate, the platform needs a smaller number of such workers to achieve the maximum payoff.

关键词： Games Crowdsourcing Nash equilibrium Social networking (online) User experience

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Blockchain for giving patients control over their medical records

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2020年

作者： Madine, Mohammad Battah, Ammar Yaqoob, Ibrar Salah, Khaled Jayaraman, Raja Al-Hammadi, Yousof Pesic, Sasa Ellahham, Samer The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates The Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates ASU’s Blockchain Research Laboratory Arizona State University TempeAZ85281 United States Heart & Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Personal health records (PHRs) are valuable assets to individuals because they enable them to integrate and manage their medical data. A PHR is an electronic application through which patients can manage their health information. Giving patients control over their medical data offers an advantageous realignment of the doctor-patient dynamic. However, today’s PHR management systems fall short of giving reliable, traceable, trustful, and secure patients control over their medical data, which poses serious threats to their authenticity and accuracy. Moreover, most of the current approaches and systems leveraged for managing PHR are centralized that not only make medical data sharing difficult but also poses a risk of single point of failure problem. In this paper, we propose Ethereum blockchain-based smart contracts to give patients control over their data in a manner that is decentralized, immutable, transparent, traceable, trustful, and secure. The proposed system employs decentralized storage of interplanetary file systems (IPFS), proxy re-encryption, and trusted reputation-based oracles to securely fetch, store, and share patients’ medical data. We present algorithms along with their full implementation details. We evaluate the proposed smart contracts using two important performance metrics, such as cost and correctness. Furthermore, we provide security analysis and discuss the generalization aspects of our solution. We outline the limitations of the proposed approach. We make the smart contract source code publicly available on Github. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Smart contract

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A unified analysis of extra-gradient and optimistic gradient methods for saddle point problems: Proximal point approach

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Mokhtari, Aryan Ozdaglar, Asuman Pattathil, Sarath Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

In this paper we consider solving saddle point problems using two variants of Gradient Descent- Ascent algorithms, Extra-gradient (EG) and Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent (OGDA) methods. We show that both of these algorithms admit a unified analysis as approximations of the classical proximal point method for solving saddle point problems. This viewpoint enables us to develop a new framework for analyzing EG and OGDA for bilinear and strongly convex- strongly concave settings. Moreover, we use the proximal point approximation interpretation to generalize the results for OGDA for a wide range of parameters. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gradient methods

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Perceived Stiffness Estimation for Robot Force Control

Perceived Stiffness Estimation for Robot Force Control

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation

作者： Luis Santos Rui Cortesao Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Portugal Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Coimbra Portugal

Typical robot force control architectures have a positive force feedback loop to decouple robot dynamics from contact dynamics. Due to the noisy profile of force measurements, it is common to filter force signals by low pass filters. This paper shows that, when force feedback is filtered, robot and environment dynamics are no longer decoupled, affecting force control performance. Additionally, the perceived stiffness from the force control perspective, is correlated with the robot effective mass. To cope with this issue, a force based stiffness estimation strategy that also includes the inertial properties (effective mass) in the estimation algorithm is proposed, allowing to adapt control gains based on the robot effective mass. In this way, the perceived stiffness can be seen as a control optimization parameter, rather than a well defined physical property. Simulation and experimental results with a 1-DoF robot and 7-DoF manipulator, respectively, validate the estimation strategy, showing better force control results with the perceived stiffness in the control loop, as compared to the real environment stiffness.

关键词： Robots Force Estimation Dynamics Force control Effective mass Adaptation models

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Wildfire Monitoring in Remote Areas using Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Wildfire Monitoring in Remote Areas using Autonomous Unmanne...

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IEEE Conference on computer Communications Workshops, INFOCOM Wksps

作者： Fatemeh Afghah Abolfazl Razi Jacob Chakareski Jonathan Ashdown School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA Computer Information Systems Department SUNY Polytechnic Institute Utica NY USA

In this paper, we propose a drone-based wildfire monitoring system for remote and hard-to-reach areas. This system utilizes autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the main advantage of providing on-demand monitoring service faster than the current approaches of using satellite images, manned aircraft and remotely controlled drones. Furthermore, using autonomous drones facilitates minimizing human intervention in risky wildfire zones. In particular, to develop a fully autonomous system, we propose a distributed leader-follower coalition formation model to cluster a set of drones into multiple coalitions that collectively cover the designated monitoring field. The coalition leader is a drone that employs observer drones potentially with different sensing and imaging capabilities to hover in circular paths and collect imagery information from the impacted areas. The objectives of the proposed system include: i) to cover the entire fire zone with a minimum number of drones, and ii) to minimize the energy consumption and latency of the available drones to fly to the fire zone. Simulation results confirm that the performance of the proposed system- without the need for inter-coalition communications- approaches that of a centrally-optimized system.

关键词： Drones Monitoring Robot sensing systems Task analysis Observers Forestry

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