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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Ferraz, Oscar Araujo, Helder Silva, Vitor Falcao, Gabriel Instituto de Telecomunicações Portugal University of Coimbra Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portugal Institute of Systems and Robotics Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

The massive adoption of IoT devices, the recent developments in the efficiency of AI systems, and the increase of edge computational power, accelerated the deployment of edge AI systems. The implementation of these systems through the use of low-power embedded devices scattered across the edges of a network allows for reduced latency and cost, compared to traditional cloud-based AI computing systems. As a result of the low-complexity AI models and the available low-power embedded systems on the market, this paper provides a comparative study on the inference performance of convolutional neural networks for different edge devices, by exploiting low-power GPUs and dedicated AI hardware. The benchmark results were able to achieve 864 inferences/s for the Jetson AGX Xavier board on a pre-trained SqueezeNet, while reaching a high power efficiency of 52.6 inferences/s per Watt. For the dedicated Movidius neural stick, the system requires only 1.5 W for processing 24.2 inferences/s. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Benchmarking Edge devices GPUs Inference Engine IoT Low-power

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Segmentation of Retina Vessels in 2D OCT-Reconstructed Fundus Images with 3D UNet 26

Segmentation of Retina Vessels in 2D OCT-Reconstructed Fundu...

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26th IEEE Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications, SPA 2023

作者： Marciniak, Tomasz Stankiewicz, Agnieszka Zaradzki, Przemyslaw Poznan University of Technology Division of Electronic Systems and Signal Processing Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics Department of Control Robotics and Electrical Engineering Poznan Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304985

This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of blood vessel segmentation in human retinal images. The segmentation process was carried out for three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans using the author's publicly available CAVRI-C database. A 3D version of the U-Net artificial neural network was used. Various dimensions of the input blocks were investigated to determine their influence on the segmentation process. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions was evaluated using various metrics and the results obtained were compared with the 2D solution, also based on neural networks. The use of the proposed solutions allowed us to improve the segmentation even by 15% (in the case of the F1-score). © 2023 Division of Signal Processing and Electronic systems, Poznan University of Technology (DSPES PUT).

关键词： Optical tomography

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A novel deep learning approach for automated grading of knee osteoarthritis severity

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-20页

作者： Kaur, PrabSimran Kohli, Guneet Singh Bedi, Jatin Wasly, Saud Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India Electrical and Computer Engineering Department King Abdulaziz University Jeddah22254 Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems King Abdulaziz University Jeddah22254 Saudi Arabia

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that affects the knee joint that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is also known as "Degenerative Joint Disease" and is caused by the degeneration of cartilage in the knee joint, leading to bone-on-bone contact and further damage. Knee OA is prevalent in the population, affecting around 22% to 39% of people in India, and there is currently no treatment available that can halt the progression of the disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and management of symptoms are essential to reduce its impact on an individual’s quality of life. To address this issue, have introduced a framework that leverages ConvNeXt architecture, a modernization of ResNets (ResNet-50) architecture towards Hierarchical Transformers (Swin Transformers), to provide accurate identification and classification of knee osteoarthritis. The classification of knee osteoarthritis was done using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) graded X-ray images. These images of the damaged knees are preprocessed and augmented, creating a scaled, enhanced, and varied version of the features, thus making the data fitter and more significant for classification. The performance estimation of the proposed strategy is conducted on the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a research project focused on knee osteoarthritis that works in partnership with NIH and other private industries to develop a public domain dataset that can facilitate research and evaluation. It involves training the prepared data using various hyper-tuned versions of ConvNeXt. The different fine-tuned results of the ConvNeXt models on each KL Grade are evaluated against the other state-of-the-art models and vision transformers. The comparative assessment of widely used performance measures shows that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional models by generating the highest score for all the KL grades. Lastly, an approach is employed to statistically confirm the validity of t

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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Area-Oriented Resubstitution For Networks of Look-Up Tables

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and systems 2025年第7期44卷 2571-2584页

作者： Costamagna, Andrea Tempia Calvino, Alessandro Mishchenko, Alan De Micheli, Giovanni EPFL—Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Integrated Systems Laboratory Lausanne1015 Switzerland University of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences BerkeleyCA94720-1770 United States

This article addresses the challenge of reducing the number of nodes in look-up table (LUT) networks with two significant applications. First, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be modeled as networks of LUTs, and minimizing the node count is imperative to meet resource constraints. Second, in area-oriented design space exploration for standard-cell designs, collapsing a circuit into a LUT network, restructuring it, and later remapping to the original representation helps escape local minima. Thus, the development of algorithms for optimizing and restructuring LUT networks holds considerable promise for area-oriented optimization. Substitution (also called resubstitution) is a powerful logic minimization method that can identify nonlocal logic dependencies and exploit them for logic minimization. State-of-the-art substitution algorithms for LUT networks rely heavily on SAT solving, limiting the number of optimization attempts and the size of the substitution subnetworks to one node[1]. Conversely, our method relies on circuit simulation to increase the number of substitution candidates and enables substitutions with more than one node. The experimental results show that the proposed method identifies optimization opportunities overlooked by other methods, improving 11 out of 23 best-known results in the EPFL synthesis competition and yielding a 3.46% area reduction compared to the state-of-the-art. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Binary Codes for Correcting Asymmetric Adjacent Transpositions and Deletions

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年第6期73卷 3735-3749页

作者： Wang, Shuche Khu Vu, Van Tan, Vincent Y. F. Institute of Operations Research and Analytics National University of Singapore Queenstown119077 Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management Queenstown119077 Singapore Institute of Operations Research and Analytics National University of Singapore Department of Mathematics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queenstown119077 Singapore

Codes in the Damerau-Levenshtein metric have received some attention by the research community recently owing to their applications in DNA-based data storage. In particular, Gabrys, Yaakobi, and Milenkovic designed a length-n code correcting a single deletion and s adjacent transpositions with at most (1+2s) log n bits of redundancy. In this work, we consider a new setting where both deletions and asymmetric adjacent transpositions may occur. For asymmetric transpositions, at most s+ 0-right shifts (i.e., 01 \rightarrow 10 ) and at most s- 0 -left shifts (i.e., 10 \rightarrow 01 ) may occur. We present several constructions of the binary codes correcting these errors in various cases. In particular, we design a code correcting a single deletion, s+ right-shift, and s-left-shift errors with at most (1+s)\log (n+s+1)+1 bits of redundancy where s = s++s - . In addition, we investigate uniquely-decodable codes correcting t 0 -deletions and s adjacent transpositions with at most (Formula presented)bits of redundancy. Then, we study the code for correcting t 0 -deletions, s+ right-shift, and s- left-shift errors with list-decoding algorithms. Our main contribution here is the construction of a list-decodable code with list size O(ns) and with at most(Formula presented) bits of redundancy, where s=s++s- . We construct non-systematic codes for correcting tb blocks of 0-deletions with l-limited magnitude and s adjacent transpositions with redundancy at most (Formula presented) bits and systematic codes with at most (Formula presented) redundant bits in an N-length codeword. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Binary codes

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A deep learning-based model for automated STN localization using local field potentials in Parkinson’s disease

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2343-2362页

作者： Hosny, Mohamed Naeem, Mohamed A. Zhu, Minwei Gao, Wenpeng Elshenhab, Ahmed M. Fu, Yili Department of Electrical Engineering Benha Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin150001 China School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt

Accurate identification of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) borders is time-consuming, relying heavily on the neurosurgeon expertise in manually interpreting the electrophysiological signals. Local field potentials (LFPs) have garnered imperative attention due to their strong correlation with the STN. However, existing detection models often face challenges with high computational complexity, hyperparameter optimization and lack of explainability, making them unreliable for clinicians. Therefore, this study introduces an explanatory framework using convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detecting the STN region from LFPs. Continuous wavelet transform is employed to convert LFPs signals into scalogram images, which are then processed by sixteen CNN models. We evaluated our framework by examining the impact of various limiting factors on the classification performance, including model size, learning rate (LR), optimizers and data scaling. Deep features are extracted from the top-performing CNN architectures to capture rich representations of the scalograms. These features are then fused and classified using k-nearest neighbour algorithm. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping is used to explain the decisions made by the proposed model. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 99.61%, outperforming individual CNN models for STN localization. The experimental results revealed that CNN models, embedded with additional hyperparameters and layers, generally outperformed smaller models. Besides, low LR significantly enhanced the performance compared to high LR. Moreover, features extracted from untuned networks produced lower performance than tuned networks. The proposed system could revolutionize deep brain stimulation surgery by increasing efficiency and reducing reliance on clinician expertise for STN detection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative games

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 97-114页

作者： Peiyun ZHANG Chenxi LI Mengchu ZHOU Wenjun HUANG Abdullah ABUSORRAH Omaimah O.BAMASAG Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Center of Excellence in Smart Environment Research King Abdulaziz University

In blockchain networks, transactions can be transmitted through channels. The existing transmission methods depend on their routing information. If a node randomly chooses a channel to transmit a transaction, the transmission may be aborted due to insufficient funds(also called balance) or a low transmission rate. To increase the success rate and reduce transmission delay across all transactions, this work proposes a transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative game *** balance, channel states, and transmission probability are fully considered. This work then presents an optimized channel transaction transmission algorithm. First, channel balances are analyzed and suitable channels are selected if their balance is sufficient. Second, a Nash equilibrium point is found by using an iterative sub-gradient method and its related channels are then used to transmit transactions. The proposed method is compared with two state-of-the-art approaches: Silent Whispers and Speedy Murmurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves transmission success rate, reduces transmission delay,and effectively decreases transmission overhead in comparison with its two competitive peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel transaction transmission channel balance channel state channel transmission probability non-cooperative game

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Advances in Wireless,Batteryless,Implantable Electronics for Real‑Time,Continuous Physiological Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 254-302页

作者： Hyeonseok Kim Bruno Rigo Gabriella Wong Yoon Jae Lee Woon‑Hong Yeo IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Tech and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Institute for MaterialsInstitute for Robotics and Intelligent MachinesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health *** considerations,such as biological constraints,energy sourcing,and wireless communication,are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human *** addition,we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems,emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities,biocompatibility,and *** wireless,batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body,enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease ***,we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care,highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.

关键词： Implantable electronics Biomedical systems Batteryless devices Wireless electronics Physiological signal monitoring

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Exploring the trade-off between deep-learning and explainable models for brain-machine interfaces 38

Exploring the trade-off between deep-learning and explainabl...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Cubillos, Luis H. Revach, Guy Mender, Matthew J. Costello, Joseph T. Temmar, Hisham Hite, Aren Zutshi, Diksha Wallace, Dylan M. Ni, Xiaoyong Kelberman, Madison M. Willsey, Matthew S. van Sloun, Ruud J.G. Shlezinger, Nir Patil, Parag Draelos, Anne Chestek, Cynthia A. Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Robotics Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and Neurosurgery University of Michigan United States Biointerfaces Institute Neuroscience Institute University of Michigan United States Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zürich Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University Israel

People with brain or spinal cord-related paralysis often need to rely on others for basic tasks, limiting their independence. A potential solution is brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), which could allow them to voluntarily control external devices (e.g., robotic arm) by decoding brain activity to movement commands. In the past decade, deep-learning decoders have achieved state-of-the-art results in most BMI applications, ranging from speech production to finger control. However, the'black-box' nature of deep-learning decoders could lead to unexpected behaviors, resulting in major safety concerns in real-world physical control scenarios. In these applications, explainable but lower-performing decoders, such as the Kalman filter (KF), remain the norm. In this study, we designed a BMI decoder based on KalmanNet, an extension of the KF that augments its operation with recurrent neural networks to compute the Kalman gain. This results in a varying "trust" that shifts between inputs and dynamics. We used this algorithm to predict finger movements from the brain activity of two monkeys. We compared KalmanNet results offline (pre-recorded data, n = 13 days) and online (real-time predictions, n = 5 days) with a simple KF and two recent deep-learning algorithms: tcFNN (non-ReFIT version) and LSTM. KalmanNet achieved comparable or better results than other deep learning models in offline and online modes, relying on the dynamical model for stopping while depending more on neural inputs for initiating movements. We further validated this mechanism by implementing a heteroscedastic KF that used the same strategy, and it also approached state-of-the-art performance while remaining in the explainable domain of standard KFs. However, we also see two downsides to KalmanNet. KalmanNet shares the limited generalization ability of existing deep-learning decoders, and its usage of the KF as an inductive bias limits its performance in the presence of unseen noise distributions. Despite thi

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Correction of Time-varying PMU Phase Angle Deviation with Unknown Transmission Line Parameters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2023年第1期9卷 315-325页

作者： Ancheng Xue He Kong Feiyang Xu Junbo Zhao Naichao Chang Joe H.Chow Haiyan Hong State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrs06268USA National Electric Power Dispatching and Control Center Beijing 100031China Department of Electrical Computerand Systems EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI)TroyNY 12180USA

Phasor measurement units(PMUs)provide useful data for real-time monitoring of the smart ***,there may be time-varying deviation in phase angle differences(PADs)between both ends of the transmission line(TL),which may deteriorate application performance based on *** address that,this paper proposes two robust methods of correcting time-varying PAD deviation with unknown parameters of TL(ParTL).First,the phenomena of time-varying PAD deviation observed from field PMU data are *** general formulations for PAD estimation are then *** simplify the formulations,estimation of PADs is converted into the optimal problem with a single ParTL as the variable,yielding a linear estimation of *** latter is used by second-order Taylor series expansion to estimate PADs *** reduce the impact of possible abnormal amplitude data in field data,the IGG(institute of Geodesy&Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)weighting function is *** using both simulated and field data verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods.

关键词： Correction line parameters parameter identification phasor measurement time-varying phase angle difference deviation

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