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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S12-S155页

作者： Dunn, R.J.H. Blannin, J. Gobron, N. Miller, J.B. Willett, K.M. Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Hampton University Hampton Virginia National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE) LSCE/IPSL CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette France Instituto de Geografía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Guyancourt France School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Université Paris Cité Institut de physique du globe de Paris CNRS IGN F-75005 Paris France Univ Gustave Eiffel ENSG IGN F-77455 Marne-la-Vallée France Laboratoire EDYTEM CNRS/Université Savoie Mont-Blanc Le Bourget-du-Lac France Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany Climate Dynamics Lab University of St Andrews St Andrews United Kingdom Ea

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Laser interference lithography for applications in biomedicine

Laser interference lithography for applications in biomedici...

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Joint Conference of the European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference, EMBEC 2017 and Nordic-Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, NBC 2107

作者： Li, W. Wei, X. Liu, Q. Li, D. Wang, Z. Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun China Institution for Research in Applicable Computing University of Bedfordshire Luton United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789811051210

This paper presents a new maskless laser nanoscale manufacturing technology to fabricate micro and nano structured surfaces with specific functionalities. Cross-scale fabrication of micro and nano structures on biomaterials (such as metal, alloy and polyethylene) with wear resistant properties. Investigation of conditions and process parameters for cross-scale fabrication of micro and nano structures with specific functionalities (wear resistant properties) for the target applications in biomedicine. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.

关键词： Biocompatibility

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Correction to: Managing biological invasions: the cost of inaction

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Biological Invasions 2022年第7期24卷 1947-1948页

作者： Ahmed, Danish A. Hudgins, Emma J. Cuthbert, Ross N. Kourantidou, Melina Diagne, Christophe Haubrock, Phillip J. Leung, Brian Liu, Chunlong Leroy, Boris Petrovskii, Sergei Beidas, Ayah Courchamp, Franck Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB) Gulf University for Science and Technology Hawally Kuwait Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Canada Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Canada GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK Marine Policy Center Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole USA Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Center for Marine Research Athens Greece Department of Sociology Environmental and Business Economics University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg Denmark Université Paris-Saclay CNRS AgroParisTech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Orsay France Department of River Ecology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen Germany South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Vodňany Czech Republic Bieler School of Environment McGill University Montréal Canada Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 8067) Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Université Université de Caen Normandie CNRS IRD Université des Antilles Paris France School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK

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Planets Around Solar Twins/Analogs (PASTA) I.: High precision stellar chemical abundance for 17 planet-hosting stars and the condensation temperature trend∗

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sun, Qinghui Wang, Sharon Xuesong Gan, Tianjun Ji, Chenyang Lin, Zitao Ting, Yuan-Sen Teske, Johanna Li, Haining Liu, Fan Hua, Xinyan Tang, Jiaxin Yu, Jie Zhang, Jiayue Badenas-Agusti, Mariona Vanderburg, Andrew Ricker, George R. Vanderspek, Roland Latham, David W. Seager, Sara Jenkins, Jon M. Schwarz, Richard P. Guillot, Tristan Tan, Thiam-Guan Conti, Dennis M. Collins, Kevin I. Srdoc, Gregor Stockdale, Chris Suarez, Olga Zambelli, Roberto Radford, Don Barkaoui, Khalid Evans, Phil Bieryla, Allyson Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Department of Astronomy Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr. ColumbusOH43210 United States Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics The Ohio State University 191 West Woodruff Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science 5241 Broad Branch Road NW WashingtonDC20015 United States A20 Datun Road Chaoyang Beijing100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University MelbourneVIC3800 Australia CanberraACT2611 Australia School of Computing Australian National University ActonACT2601 Australia Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics Australian National University Cotter Rd. WestonACT2611 Australia Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States MIT William Asbjornsen Albert Memorial Fellow United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur UniCA Laboratoire Lagrange CNRS UMR 7293 CS 34229 Nice06304 cedex 4 France Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope PerthWA Australia American Association of Variable Star Observers 185 Alewife Brook Parkway Suite 410 CambridgeMA02138 United States George Mason University 4400 University

The Sun is depleted in refractory elements compared to nearby solar twins, which may be linked to the formation of giant or terrestrial planets. Here we present high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectroscopic data for 17 solar-like stars hosting planets, obtained with Magellan II/MIKE, to investigate whether this depletion is related to planet formation. We derive stellar parameters, including stellar atmosphere, age, radius, mass, and chemical abundances for 22 elements from carbon to europium through line-by-line differential analysis. Our uncertainties range from 0.01 dex for Fe and Si to 0.08 dex for Sr, Y, and Eu. By comparing the solar abundances to those of the 17 stars, we investigate the differential abundance ([X/Fe]solar - [X/Fe]star) versus condensation temperature (Tc) trend. In particular, we apply Galactic chemical evolution corrections to five solar twins within the full sample. Our results conform to previous studies that the Sun is relatively depleted in refractory compared to volatile elements. For both five solar twins and the rest of solar-like stars, we find that all stars hosting known gas giant planets exhibit negative Tc trend slopes, suggesting that the Sun is relatively depleted in refractory elements compared to similar giant-planet-host stars. Additionally, we find no correlation between Tc trend slopes and the total mass of detected terrestrial planets in each system, suggesting that terrestrial planet formation may not be the cause of refractory element depletion in the Sun. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Planets

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Galaxy Tomography with the Gravitational Wave Background from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Yifan Daniel, Matthias D’Orazio, Daniel J. Mitridate, Andrea Sagunski, Laura Xue, Xiao Agazie, Gabriella Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Bécsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Burnette, Rand Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Gültekin, Kayhan Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Kaplan, David L. Kelley, Luke Zoltan Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn W. Lazio, T. Joseph Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. Meyers, Patrick M. Mingarelli, Chiara M.F. Nice, David J. Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Petrov, Polina Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Romano, Joseph D. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmitz, Kai Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Siwek, Magdalena S. Sosa Fiscella, Sophia V. Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Jacob Taylor, Stephen R. Turner, Jacob E. Unal, Caner Vallisneri, Michele van Haasteren, Rutger Verbiest, Joris Vigeland, Sarah J. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia Niels Bohr International Academy Niels Bohr Institute Blegdamsvej 17 Copenhagen2100 Denmark Institute for Theoretical Physics Goethe University Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 Hamburg22607 Germany The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Barcelona Bellaterra08193 Spain II. Institute of Theoretical Physics Universität Hamburg Hamburg22761 Germany Center for Gravitation Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 413 MilwaukeeWI53201 United States Department of Physics Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Widener University One University Place ChesterPA19013 United States Physics Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Cornell Center for Advanced Computing Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University P.O. Box 6315 MorgantownWV26506 United States Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology West Virginia University Chestnut Ridge Research Building MorgantownWV26505 United States Department of Physics University of Connecticut 196 Auditorium Road U-3046 StorrsCT06269-3046 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University 2301 Vanderbilt Place NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Physics New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place SocorroNM87801 United States Department of Physics Montana State University BozemanMT59717 United States Department of Physics and As

The detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background by pulsar timing arrays suggests the presence of a supermassive black hole binary population. Although the observed spectrum generally aligns with predictions from orbital evolution driven by gravitational wave emission in circular orbits, there is a discernible preference for a turnover at the lowest observed frequencies. This turnover could indicate a significant hardening phase, transitioning from early environmental influences to later stages predominantly influenced by gravitational wave emission. In the vicinity of these binaries, the ejection of stars or dark matter particles through gravitational three-body slingshots efficiently extracts orbital energy, leading to a low-frequency turnover in the spectrum. By analyzing the NANOGrav 15-year data, we assess how the gravitational wave spectrum depends on the initial inner galactic profile prior to disruption by binary ejections, accounting for a range of initial binary eccentricities. Our findings suggest a parsec-scale galactic center density around 106 M☉/pc3 across most of the parameter space, offering insights into the environmental effects on black hole evolution and combined matter density near galaxy centers. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Dark Matter

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Harmonized-Multinational qEEG norms (HarMNqEEG)

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NEUROIMAGE 2022年 256卷 119190-119190页

作者： Li, Min Wang, Ying Lopez-Naranjo, Carlos Hu, Shiang Reyes, Ronaldo Cesar Garcia Paz-Linares, Deirel Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky Hamid, Aini Ismafairus Abd Evans, Alan C. Savostyanov, Alexander N. Calzada-Reyes, Ana Villringer, Arno Tobon-Quintero, Carlos A. Garcia-Agustin, Daysi Yao, Dezhong Dong, Li Aubert-Vazquez, Eduardo Reza, Faruque Razzaq, Fuleah Abdul Omar, Hazim Abdullah, Jafri Malin Galler, Janina R. Ochoa-Gomez, John F. Prichep, Leslie S. Galan-Garcia, Lidice Morales-Chacon, Lilia Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell J. Trondle, Marius Zulkifly, Mohd Faizal Mohd Rahman, Muhammad Riddha Bin Abdul Milakhina, Natalya S. Langer, Nicolas Rudych, Pavel Koenig, Thomas Virues-Alba, Trinidad A. Lei, Xu Bringas-Vega, Maria L. Bosch-Bayard, Jorge F. Valdes-Sosa, Pedro Antonio [a]The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China [b]Cuban Center for Neurocience La Habana Cuba [c]McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health Montreal Neurological Institute Canada [d]Department of Neurosciences School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kota Bharu Kelantan 16150 Malaysia [e]Brain and Behaviour Cluster School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kota Bharu Kelantan 16150 Malaysia [f]Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kota Bharu Kelantan 16150 Malaysia [g]Humanitarian Institute Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russia [h]Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine Novosibirsk 630117 Russia [i]Laboratory of Psychological Genetics at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090 Russia [j]University of Pinar del Río “Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca” Pinar del Río Cuba [k]Department of Neurology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany [l]Department of Cognitive Neurology University Hospital Leipzig Leipzig Germany [m]Center for Stroke Research Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany [n]Grupo Neuropsicología y Conducta - GRUNECO Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Antioquia Colombia [o]Research Department Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud IPS Universitaria Colombia [p]The Cuban center aging longevity and health Havana Cuba [q]Research Unit of NeuroInformation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu 2019RU035 China [r]School of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 4500

This paper extends frequency domain quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) methods pursuing higher sensitivity to detect Brain Developmental Disorders. Prior qEEG work lacked integration of cross-spectral information omitting important functional connectivity descriptors. Lack of geographical diversity precluded accounting for site-specific variance, increasing qEEG nuisance variance. We ameliorate these weaknesses. (i) Create lifespan Riemannian multinational qEEG norms for cross-spectral tensors. These norms result from the HarMNqEEG project fostered by the Global Brain Consortium. We calculate the norms with data from 9 countries, 12 devices, and 14 studies, including 1564 subjects. Instead of raw data, only anonymized metadata and EEG cross spectral tensors were shared. After visual and automatic quality control, developmental equations for the mean and standard deviation of qEEG traditional and Riemannian DPs were calculated using additive mixed-effects models. We demonstrate qEEG "batch effects " and provide methods to calculate harmonized z-scores. (ii) We also show that harmonized Riemannian norms produce z-scores with increased diagnostic accuracy predicting brain dysfunction produced by malnutrition in the first year of life and detecting COVID induced brain dysfunction. (iii) We offer open code and data to calculate different individual z-scores from the HarMNqEEG dataset. These results contribute to developing bias-free, low-cost neuroimaging technologies applicable in various health settings.

关键词： Quantitative EEG EEG cross-spectrum Riemannian geometry Batch effects Z-score Harmonization Malnutrition Covid induced brain dysfunction Developmental Brain Chart

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Dwarf galaxy archaeology from chemical abundances and star formation histories

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Johnson, James W. Conroy, Charlie Johnson, Benjamin D. Peter, Annika H.G. Cargile, Phillip A. Bonaca, Ana Naidu, Rohan P. Woody, Turner Ting, Yuan-Sen Han, Jiwon Jesse Speagle, Joshua S. Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 140 W. 18th Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States The Ohio State University 191 W. Woodruff Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics The Ohio State University 191 W. Woodruff Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara St. PasadenaCA91101 United States Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 70 Vassar St. CambridgeMA02139 United States Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics Australian National University Cotter Rd. WestonACT2611 Australia School of Computing Australian National University ActonACT2601 Australia Department of Statistical Sciences University of Toronto Ontario Power Building 9th Floor 700 University Ave TorontoONM5G 1Z5 Canada David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Data Sciences Institute University of Toronto Ontario Power Building 17th Floor 700 University Ave TorontoONM5G 1Z5 Canada

We model the stellar abundances and ages of two disrupted dwarf galaxies in the Milky Way stellar halo: Gaia-Sausage Enceladus (GSE) and Wukong/LMS-1. Using a statistically robust likelihood function, we fit one-zone models of galactic chemical evolution with exponential infall histories to both systems, deriving e-folding timescales of τin = 1.01±0.13 Gyr for GSE and (Equation presented) Gyr for Wukong/LMS-1. GSE formed stars for (Equation presented) Gyr, sustaining star formation for ∼1.5 − 2 Gyr after its first infall into the Milky Way ∼10 Gyr ago. Our fit suggests that star formation lasted for (Equation presented) Gyr in Wukong/LMS-1, though our sample does not contain any age measurements. The differences in evolutionary parameters between the two are qualitatively consistent with trends with stellar mass M★ predicted by simulations and semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. Our fitting method is based only on poisson sampling from an evolutionary track and requires no binning of the data. We demonstrate its accuracy by testing against mock data, showing that it accurately recovers the input model across a broad range of sample sizes (20 ≤ N ≤ 2000) and measurement uncertainties (Equation presented). Our inferred values of the outflow mass-loading factor reasonably match η ∝ M★−1/3 as predicted by galactic wind models. Due to the generic nature of our derivation, this likelihood function should be applicable to one-zone models of any parametrization and easily extensible to other astrophysical models which predict tracks in some observed space. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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Combined effects of hydrometeorological hazards and urbanisation on dengue risk in Brazil: a spatiotemporal modelling study

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2021年第4期5卷 e209-e219页

作者： Lowe, Rachel Lee, Sophie A Brady, Oliver J Bastos, Leonardo Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel de Castro Catão, Rafael Colón-González, Felipe J Barcellos, Christovam Carvalho, Marilia Sá Blangiardo, Marta Rue, Håvard Gasparrini, Antonio Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Centre for Statistical Modelling London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Scientific Computing Program Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil Health Information and Communication Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA United States Health Innovation Laboratory Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru Department of Geography Federal University of Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil MRC Centre for Environment and Health Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Imperial College London London United Kingdom Statistics Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Background: Temperature and rainfall patterns are known to influence seasonal patterns of dengue transmission. However, the effect of severe drought and extremely wet conditions on the timing and intensity of dengue epidemics is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to quantify the non-linear and delayed effects of extreme hydrometeorological hazards on dengue risk by level of urbanisation in Brazil using a spatiotemporal model. Methods: We combined distributed lag non-linear models with a spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical model framework to determine the exposure-lag-response association between the relative risk (RR) of dengue and a drought severity index. We fit the model to monthly dengue case data for the 558 microregions of Brazil between January, 2001, and January, 2019, accounting for unobserved confounding factors, spatial autocorrelation, seasonality, and interannual variability. We assessed the variation in RR by level of urbanisation through an interaction between the drought severity index and urbanisation. We also assessed the effect of hydrometeorological hazards on dengue risk in areas with a high frequency of water supply shortages. Findings: The dataset included 12 895 293 dengue cases reported between 2001 and 2019 in Brazil. Overall, the risk of dengue increased between 0–3 months after extremely wet conditions (maximum RR at 1 month lag 1·56 [95% CI 1·41–1·73]) and 3–5 months after drought conditions (maximum RR at 4 months lag 1·43 [1·22–1·67]). Including a linear interaction between the drought severity index and level of urbanisation improved the model fit and showed the risk of dengue was higher in more rural areas than highly urbanised areas during extremely wet conditions (maximum RR 1·77 [1·32–2·37] at 0 months lag vs maximum RR 1·58 [1·39–1·81] at 2 months lag), but higher in highly urbanised areas than rural areas after extreme drought (maximum RR 1·60 [1·33–1·92] vs 1·15 [1·08–1·22], both at 4 months lag). We also found the den

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The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Search for Gravitational Wave Memory

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Agazie, Gabriella Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M. Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Bécsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Burnette, Rand Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Gültekin, Kayhan Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Jones, Megan L. Kaplan, David L. Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T.W. Joseph Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R. Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W. Meyers, Patrick M. Mingarelli, Chiara M.F. Mitridate, Andrea Natarajan, Priyamvada Ng, Cherry Nice, David J. Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Perera, Benetge B.P. Petrov, Polina Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Siwek, Magdalena S. Sosa Fiscella, Sophia V. Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Stovall, Kevin Sun, Jerry P. Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Jacob Taylor, Stephen R. Turner, Jacob E. Unal, Caner Vallisneri, Michele van Haasteren, Rutger Vigeland, Sarah J. Wahl, Haley M. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia Center for Gravitation Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 413 MilwaukeeWI53201 United States Newcastle University NE1 7RU United Kingdom X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Widener University One University Place ChesterPA19013 United States Physics Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Cornell Center for Advanced Computing Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University P.O. Box 6315 MorgantownWV26506 United States Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology West Virginia University Chestnut Ridge Research Building MorgantownWV26505 United States Department of Physics University of Connecticut 196 Auditorium Road U-3046 StorrsCT06269-3046 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University 2301 Vanderbilt Place NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Physics New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place SocorroNM87801 United States Department of Physics Montana State University BozemanMT59717 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Franklin & Marshall College P.O. Box 3003 LancasterPA17604 United States National Research Council Research Associate National Academy of Sciences WashingtonDC20001 United States Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia 6224 Agricultural Road VancouverBCV6T 1Z1 Cana

We present the results of a search for nonlinear gravitational wave memory in the NANOGrav 15-year data set. We find no significant evidence for memory signals in the dataset, with a maximum Bayes factor of 3.1 in favor of a model including memory. We therefore place upper limits on the strain of potential gravitational wave memory events as a function of sky location and observing epoch. We find upper limits that are not always more constraining than previous NANOGrav results. We show that it is likely due to the increase in common red noise between the 12.5-year and 15-year NANOGrav datasets. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Gravitational effects

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