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Improving harmonic rejection for spectrum sensing using crosscorrelation

Improving harmonic rejection for spectrum sensing using cros...

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38th European Solid State circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 2012

作者： Oude Alink, Mark S. Kokkeler, André B. J. Klumperink, Eric A. M. Ru, Zhiyu Cheng, Wei Nauta, Bram Integrated Circuit Design/Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781467322126

Harmonic downmixing may cause a spectrum sensing device to erroneously flag parts of the spectrum as occupied. Receivers employing harmonic rejection (HR) rarely obtain more than 60 dB of HR, which may not be enough for spectrum sensing for dynamic spectrum access. We improve HR by employing two RF-receivers, integrated in a single 65nm CMOS IC, and using a small offset in their LO-frequencies. The offset is corrected in the digital baseband, after which the final receiver outputs are crosscorrelated. Our measurements show that the HR can be significantly improved without calibration or time penalty, even for high initial HR, but that the improvement is limited by crosstalk between the receivers. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Spectrum analyzers

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A CMOS spectrum analyzer frontend for cognitive radio achieving +25dBm IIP3 and -169 dBm/Hz DANL

A CMOS spectrum analyzer frontend for cognitive radio achiev...

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2012 IEEE Radio Frequency integrated circuits Symposium, RFIC 2012

作者： Oude Alink, Mark S. Klumperink, Eric A.M. Kokkeler, André B.J. Cheng, Wei Ru, Zhiyu Ghaffari, Amir Wienk, Gerard J.M. Nauta, Bram Integrated Circuit Design/Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781467304146

A dual RF-receiver preceded by discrete-step attenuators is implemented in 65nm CMOS and operates from 0.3-1.0 GHz. The noise of the receivers is reduced by cross-correlating the two receiver outputs in the digital baseband, allowing attenuation of the RF input signal to increase linearity. With this technique a displayed average noise level below -169 dBm/Hz is obtained with +25 dBm IIP3, giving a spurious-free dynamic range of 89 dB in 1 MHz resolution bandwidth. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Noise figure

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A 50MHz-to-1.5GHz cross-correlation CMOS spectrum analyzer for cognitive radio with 89dB SFDR in 1MHz RBW

A 50MHz-to-1.5GHz cross-correlation CMOS spectrum analyzer f...

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2010 IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum, DySPAN 2010

作者： Oude Alink, Mark S. Klumperink, Eric A. M. Soer, Michiel C. M. Kokkeler, André B. J. Nauta, Bram Integrated Circuit Design/Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781424451883

关键词： Spectrum analyzers

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Exploring the Use of Two Antennas for Crosscorrelation Spectrum Sensing

Exploring the Use of Two Antennas for Crosscorrelation Spect...

引用

IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： M. S. Oude Alink A. R. Smeenge A. B. J. Kokkeler E. A. M. Klumperink G. J. M. Smit B. Nauta Integrated Circuit Design Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Spectrum sensing is one of the key characteristics of a cognitive radio. Energy detection provides maximum flexibility by not relying on any prior knowledge, but suffers from an SNR-wall due to noise uncertainty. Crosscorrelation of the outputs of two receiver paths is a technique to reduce the noise level of the total receiver, and hence improves the SNR. The reduction of the noise is limited by correlated noise originating from shared components near the antenna. In this paper we explore the use of a separate antenna for each receiver for crosscorrelation spectrum sensing. One immediate advantage is that due to the removal of the splitter, which was necessary to interface the single antenna to two receivers, the SNR improves, significantly reducing the required measurement time. A lot of the noise correlation can be removed, leading to a lower residual noise floor. The noise at each antenna will still be partially correlated due to mutual coupling, spatial noise correlation and man-made noise. We show that some signal power can be lost in the sensing process due to partial decorrelation of the signal at the two antennas. Fortunately, this seems to be a problem only in highly mobile environments, which makes the use of two-antenna crosscorrelation spectrum sensing an interesting solution towards more reliable energy detection.

关键词： Noise Receiving antennas Antenna measurements Correlation Sensors

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A 50Mhz-To-1.5Ghz Cross-Correlation CMOS Spectrum Analyzer for Cognitive Radio with 89dB SFDR in 1Mhz RBW

A 50Mhz-To-1.5Ghz Cross-Correlation CMOS Spectrum Analyzer f...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, DySPAN

作者： Mark S. Oude Alink Eric A. M. Klumperink Michiel C. M. Soer Andre B. J. Kokkeler Bram Nauta Integrated Circuit Design / Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio requires a high linearity to handle strong signals, and at the same time a low noise figure (NF) to enable detection of much weaker signals. Often there is a trade-off between linearity and noise: improving one of them degrades the other. Cross-correlation can break this trade-off by reducing noise at the cost of measurement time. An existing RF front-end in CMOS-technology with IIP3=+11dBm and NF<6.5dB is duplicated and attenuators are put in front to increase linearity (IIP3=+24dBm). The attenuation degrades NF, but by using cross-correlation of the outputs of the two frontends, the NF is reduced to below 4dB. In total this results in a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 89dB in 1MHz resolution bandwidth (RBW).

关键词： Spectral analysis Cognitive radio Noise measurement Linearity Degradation Noise figure Noise reduction Costs Time measurement Radio frequency

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Improving harmonic rejection for spectrum sensing using crosscorrelation

Improving harmonic rejection for spectrum sensing using cros...

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European Conference on Solid-State circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： M.S. Oude Alink André B.J. Kokkeler Eric A. M. Klumperink Zhiyu Ru Wei Cheng Bram Nauta Integrated Circuit Design/Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands

关键词： Receivers Harmonic analysis Mixers Sensors Crosstalk Frequency measurement Radio frequency

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A CMOS spectrum analyzer frontend for cognitive radio achieving +25dBm IIP3 and −169 dBm/Hz DANL

A CMOS spectrum analyzer frontend for cognitive radio achiev...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Radio Frequency integrated circuits (RFIC)

作者： Mark S. Oude Alink Eric A.M. Klumperink André B.J. Kokkeler Wei Cheng Zhiyu Ru Amir Ghaffari Gerard J.M. Wienk Bram Nauta Integrated Circuit Design / Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

A dual RF-receiver preceded by discrete-step attenuators is implemented in 65nm CMOS and operates from 0.3-1.0 GHz. The noise of the receivers is reduced by cross-correlating the two receiver outputs in the digital baseband, allowing attenuation of the RF input signal to increase linearity. With this technique a displayed average noise level below -169 dBm/Hz is obtained with +25 dBm IIP 3 , giving a spurious-free dynamic range of 89 dB in 1 MHz resolution bandwidth.

关键词： Receivers Noise Noise measurement Attenuation Linearity CMOS integrated circuits Attenuators

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Functional framework and hardware platform for dependability study in short range wireless embedded systems

Functional framework and hardware platform for dependability...

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2011 IEEE 17th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors and systems Test Workshop, IMS3TW 2011

作者： Senouci, B. Annema, A.J. Bentum, M.J. Kerkhoff, H.G. Integrated Circuit Design Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Telecommunication Engineering Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544793

A new direction in short-range wireless applications has appeared in the form of high-speed data communication devices for distances of a few meters. Behind these embedded applications, a complex Hardware/Software architecture is built. Dependability is one of the major challenges in these systems. Obviously in such systems, the attribute reliability has to be investigated for various components and at different abstractions levels. This paper presents a hardware platform for wireless system dependability analysis as an alternative for the time consuming global system simulation technique. The platform is built using several instances of one of the commercial FPGA platforms available on the market place. Based on this platform we introduce a new methodology and a flow to investigate the different parts of system dependability at different abstraction levels. The benefits to use the proposed methodology are two fold: first it takes care of the whole system (HW/SW part, mixed RF and wireless part) and second, the hardware platform enables to explore the application's reliability under real environmental conditions in order to study the effect of the environment threats on the system. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Abstracting

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Investigating dependability of short-range wireless embedded systems through hardware platform based design

Investigating dependability of short-range wireless embedded...

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15th Euromicro Conference on Digital System design, DSD 2012

作者： Senouci, B. Annema, A.J. Bentum, M.J. Kerkhoff, H.G. Integrated Circuit Design Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Telecommunication Engineering Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems /TDT Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780769547985

Most of the links in future wireless communication networks will be established over relatively short distances. This new direction in wireless communication is adopted and being developed by embedded multimedia applications leaders. Moreover, these short range communications are introduced into critical applications, where the dependability/reliability is mandatory. Thus, dependability concerns around reliability evaluation becomes an essential question to answer, and poses several challenges. Obviously, it's particularly difficult to investigate the reliability of such mixed HW/SW IPs based systems. Therefore, dependability has to be investigated at different abstractions levels, and for all components integrated into the system being designed. In this paper, we discuss the investigation of dependability in wireless short range systems. Firstly we show how a HW platform based dependability investigation can be a very interactive approach;secondly, we describe a real experience in building a wireless hardware platform for short range systems dependability analysis, and finally, based on this wireless network platform, we propose a dependability flow that takes care of the heterogeneous parts of the wireless embedded systems. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Reliability

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Investigating Dependability of Short-Range Wireless embedded systems through Hardware Platform Based design

Investigating Dependability of Short-Range Wireless Embedded...

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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System design

作者： B. Senouci A.J. Annema M.J. Bentum H.G. Kerkhoff Integrated Circuit Design Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty Telecommunication Engineering Group Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems /TDT Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Integrated Circuit Design Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Telecommunication Engineering Group University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems /TDT Group Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Most of the links in future wireless communication networks will be established over relatively short distances. This new direction in wireless communication is adopted and being developed by embedded multimedia applications leaders. Moreover, these short range communications are introduced into critical applications, where the dependability/reliability is mandatory. Thus, dependability concerns around reliability evaluation becomes an essential question to answer, and poses several challenges. Obviously, it's particularly difficult to investigate the reliability of such mixed HW/SW IPs based systems. Therefore, dependability has to be investigated at different abstractions levels, and for all components integrated into the system being designed. In this paper, we discuss the investigation of dependability in wireless short range systems. Firstly we show how a HW platform based dependability investigation can be a very interactive approach; secondly, we describe a real experience in building a wireless hardware platform for short range systems dependability analysis, and finally, based on this wireless network platform, we propose a dependability flow that takes care of the heterogeneous parts of the wireless embedded systems.

关键词： Wireless communication Hardware Software computer architecture Communication system security Reliability System-on-a-chip

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