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Human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. Development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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A temporal process specification language for virtual manufacturing engineering

A temporal process specification language for virtual manufa...

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ASME 1998 Design engineering Technical Conferences, DETC 1998

作者： Lee, David E. Hahn, H. Thomas Integrated Manufacturing Engineering Program for Advanced Transportation Systems School of Engineering and Applied Science University of California Los AngelesSCA90095-1597 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791880364

A process specification language is being developed for virtual manufacturing that provides a structured portable definition of a given manufacturing process as well as the ability to specify the temporal relationships between individual operation steps that compose a process. Based on the concepts embodied in markup languages such as HTML, SGML and XML, a portable process definition structure is defined. This structure provides a template from which virtual process specifications can be created. Subsequently, these structures can be exchanged between development environments for virtual process engineering and the actualized manufacturing facilities where processes are implemented. In addition, dependencies in time between the operation steps of a process such as common start times and operation serialization can be represented to allow for a complete specification of temporal behavior of a given manufacturing process. By providing this explicit mechanism for representing temporal constraints, a virtual manufacturing process can be viewed and utilized both in a localized application on a single virtual factory floor as well as distributed across multiple, interlinked virtual environments. © 1998 by ASME.

关键词： SGML

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Generic modular operations for virtual manufacturing process engineering

Generic modular operations for virtual manufacturing process...

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ASME 1997 Design engineering Technical Conferences, DETC 1997

ISBN: (纸本)9780791880470

In order to address the computational costs of modeling and analyzing manufacturing processes, a novel approach to virtual manufacturing process engineering using generic modular operations is presented. Relying on a state based representation of operation control for a simplified virtual manufacturing workcell, the valid states for each sequence of generic modular operations are aggregated and both operation state and processing constraints applied to specify the subtasks required to complete each step in a product's process plan. By adopting this state based control approach, virtual process engineering provides a direct mechanism to map virtual process representations onto actualized processes. Using these generic modular operations and their temporal and processing dependencies, the computationally complex elements of virtual manufacturing process simulation can be directly identified and an architecture for virtual process development specified. Examples from both machining and assembly processes are provided. © 1997 by ASME.

关键词： Cost engineering

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A coordinated product and process development environment for design for assembly

A coordinated product and process development environment fo...

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ASME 1996 Design engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in engineering Conference, DETC-CIE 1996

ISBN: (纸本)9780791880494

The development approach embodied in design for assembly (DFA) has been demonstrated effectively in different industrial sectors and through the design of a multitude of products. However, little effort has been applied to improving development methods for the assembly operations and processes used to fabricate these products. If the benefits of concurrent engineering are to be fully realized, a more holistic approach to unifying a product's design with development of its assembly processes is needed. This paper provides a description of our approach to establishing an environment for coordinated product and assembly process development. The steps in a product's development cycle are introduced and the concepts of design for assembly and concurrent engineering defined. Using DFA methods as a motivation, an approach to assembly process development is derived. Referred to as Systematic Assembly Process Development (S-APD), assembly processes are defined and analyzed by using standardized generic assembly operations. To address problems created by using concurrent engineering in product/process development, two mechanisms are described. Since the focus of developing a product (i.e. how well does it perform and cost) differs from developing its assembly processes (i.e. making products at the necessary volumes), the concept of an interface reference context is introduced as a coordination mechanism and applied to development of unmanned composite low-cost aircraft. Moreover, in identifying which elements of the design are to be assembled with a specific set of production technologies, a synchronous thread is instantiated to link product and assembly process development efforts in a temporal context. Different approaches are reviewed to resolve potential conflicts related to concurrency effects generated during simultaneous product and assembly process development. © 1996 by ASME.

关键词： Concurrent engineering

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Assembly modeling and analysis of integral fit joints for composite transportation structures

Assembly modeling and analysis of integral fit joints for co...

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ASME 1996 Design engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in engineering Conference, DETC-CIE 1996

ISBN: (纸本)9780791897614

In order to reduce assembly complexity and enhance the performance of structural elements utilized in transportation systems, a novel approach is presented that uses integral fit joints in the assembly of fiber-reinforced composite structural elements. While the application of composite materials in transportation structures is not new or unique, their use coupled with integral fit joint designs affords a multi-magnitude reduction in the number of components required to assemble transportation systems. Essential to this effort is the need to effectively model and analyze the composite integral fit joint specifically focused on assembly. This paper introduces pertinent issues in the design and assembly of transportation systems, the assembly of their structural joints, and defines assembly models and analysis methods for composite integral fit (CIF) joints. © 1996 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Fiber reinforced plastics

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COMPUTER-AIDED manufacturing OF advanced MICROWAVE MODULES

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER-WAVE COMPUTER-AIDED engineering 1991年第1期1卷 90-111页

作者： PAVIO, AM PAVIO, JS CHAPMAN, JE BOGGAN, GH Texas Instruments Incorporated P.O. Box 655474 Dallas. Texas 75265 Jeanne Pavio is the Manager of the Microwave Advanced Packaging Group at Texas Instruments where she has been cmployed since 1980. She received the BA degree in 1971 and the MS in 1972 both from the University of Connecticut. Her experience base has included the fabrication and assembly of thick and thin film hybrids. At the Texas Instruments Hybrid Microelectronics Laboratory Jeanne implemented nitrogenfireable thick film for ceramic application in surface-mount technology and hybrids. For the last six years she has focused on the automated assembly and packaging of GaAs Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits and devices. This has encompassed development of fluxless furnace reflow and void-free vacuum reflow of GaAs components as well as development of automated wirebonding to GaAs Microwave Hybrids. She was instrumental in directly applying this technology to active phased array module production. Her efforts presently involve the implementation of high-volume techniques and automation for insertion of MMIC technology in a cost-effective highvolume environment. She has authored numerous papers involving hybrid fabrication and assembly technology and in particular involving automated assembly and packaging of GaAs MMIC devices. James E. Chapman Jr. was born in Dallas Texas in 1943. He received the BS and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University (SMU) in 1966 and 1968 respectively. During this time he was associated with the Semiconductor Group of Texas Instruments Incorporated as an undergraduate engineering cooperative student working with various silicon products and processes. Mr. Chapman is currently a Senior Member of the Technical Staff assigned to the Microwave Technology and Products Division of the Defense Systems and Electronics Group. In this position he is currently technical director of the Technology Development for Solid-state Phased-Arrays (TDSSPA) Program. This program is a task-ordere

The application of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques to the assembly and test of a low-cost, high-volume X-band Radar T/R module will be investigated by highlighting the differences between low frequency and microwave CAM methods, focusing on the difficulties of automated testing, evaluation, and circuit tuning. The problems encountered when implementing high-precision automated assembly and test methods, which include wire-bonding, soldering, piece-part placement, thin wafer GaAs probing, and a novel implementation of a microwave circuit laser-tuning technique will also be discussed. These CAM techniques, combined with integrated MMIC technology, are then used to illustrate a manufacturing philosophy targeted toward high-volume microwave module production.

关键词： Microwave devices

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COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF advanced MARINE VEHICLES FOR EXPRESS SHIPPING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 283-300页

作者： LUEDEKE, G FARNHAM, RB JR. George Luedeke Jr.: received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his MS degree in Product Design from Illinois Institute of Technology. Early in his career Mr. Luedeke joined General Motors Corporation as a designer responsible for development of people mover and rail rapid transit systems. From 1964 to 1974 he was with Hughes Aircraft Company. At Hughes he performed analyses and developed designs for a wide variety of program and proposal efforts such as: High Speed Ground Transportation (DOT) Task Force Command Center (NAVY) Panama Canal Marine Traffic Control Center (Panama Canal Co.) Royal Iranian Navy Command Center (Iran) Tactical Information Processing and Interpretation Center (Air Force) and WALLEYE CONDOR and PHOENIX Missile Systems (NAVY). He also had marketing development responsibilities related to the diversification of Hughes resources in civil business areas such as: Automatic train control (WMATA BARTD SCRTD) water/sewage treatment plant automation (Santa Clara County) Aqueduct Control (SWR) Hydrometeorological data collection (BPA WMO) and Salton Sea basin systems analysis (Dept. of the Interior). He was responsible for combat system integration for the Hughes 2000T Surface Effect Ship (SES) proposal. He also conducted detailed studies concerning ship flexure for the Improved Point Defense Target Acquisition System Program and for the definition of operational High Energy Laser weapon installations on a series of conventional monohulls (DLG DD and CVN). Since 1974 Mr. Luedeke has been employed at RMI Inc. (formerly Rohr Marine Inc.). During this time he has held several positions. His responsibilities have included directing a number of studies on advanced SES concepts managing activities defining mission/cost effectiveness of military and commercial SES's including defining the operational benefits and enhanced survivability characteristics of cargo SES's for high speed military sealiftfor NA TO and Southeast Asia

This paper will present the results of a marketing, engineering, and economic analysis of advanced marine vehicles done by IMA Resources, Inc. and RMI, Inc., in support of a Maritime Administration project to study “Multimode Express Shipping”. The study was conducted in 1981 and examined the economic benefits of using advanced marine vehicles as express cargo vessels in domestic and international service. Commodity characteristics, desirable express carrier rates, and potential high payoff service and route alternatives were identified. advanced marine vehicles were surveyed and sized to meet desirable deadweight and block speed objectives. The costs of operating these craft on a variety of trade routes were calculated using an advanced marine vehicle economic analysis program. Revenues, expenses, break-even, profit and loss, cash flow requirements, tax summary and economic indicators (i.e., cost/ton – mile, etc.) were projected over the expected life of the vehicles as was return on investment. Traffic density and market penetration considerations narrowed the field of choice to smaller sized advanced marine vehicle carriers (i.e., 50 and 250 ton deadweight) and to three international and five domestic routes.

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