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InP/ZnS core/shell quantum dots: Synthesis, characterization and their application in fullerene derivative based flexible solar cells

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Results in Physics 2025年 69卷

作者： Zhichu, Chen Tahir, Muhammad Muhammad, Fida Aziz, Fakhra Ayub, Ambreen Badshah, Fazal Refat, Moamen S. Cakmak, Sadiye M. Rehan, Shanza Adam, Abdel Majid A. Alsuhaibani, Amnah Mohammed Ayob, Afida Sarker, Mahidur R Khan, Adam School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002 China Semiconductor Physics & Devices Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Physical and Numerical Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200 Pakistan Department of Electronics University of Peshawar KP Pakistan Department of Physics Women University Mardan KP 23200 Pakistan Department of Chemistry College of Science Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Program of Medical Monitoring Techniques Osmangazi University Eskisehir Eskisehir 26040 Turkey Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi 23640 Pakistan Department of Physical Sport Sciences College of Sport Sciences & Physical Activity Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Centre for Integrated Systems Engineering and Advanced Technologies (INTEGRA) Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi 43600 Malaysia Institute of Visual Informatics Universiti Kebangsaan Selangor Malaysia Bangi 43600 Malaysia Universidad de Diseno Innovacion y Tecnología UDIT Av. Alfonso XIII 97 Madrid 28016 Spain Department of Electronics Engineering University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar (Abbottabad Campus) Abbottabad Pakistan

Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of p-type semiconductor indium phosphide/zinc sulphide (InP/ZnS) core/shell quantum dots (QDs) prepared via a simple solvothermal method and their potential application in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) flexible solar cell (SC). The BHJ SC composed of donor–acceptor (D-A) configuration at nanoscale provides larger interfacial junction area throughout the bulk volume of the photo-absorber D-A blend that facilitates excitons to efficiently dissociate within the bulk layer at D-A interface. Hence, InP/ZnS core–shell QDs and a fullerene derivative – phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) – are used as hybrid inorganic–organic D-A materials, respectively, to fabricate Ag/LiF/InP/ZnS-PCBM/P3HT/ITO/PET BHJ flexible SC. Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), lithium fluoride (LiF) and silver (Ag) are employed as a flexible substrate, hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL) and counter electrode, respectively. Photovoltaic (PV) properties of the fabricated BHJ flexible SC are studied under standard testing conditions (STC) i.e., 25 ⁰C, 1.5 AM global and 100 mW/cm² irradiation, which exhibit fill factor (FF) of 59 ± 0.02 % and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.22 ± 0.05 %. Also, the heterojunction characteristics are investigated in dark condition (0 lx) to find series resistance (R_s), ideality factor (n), and reverse saturation current (I₀). X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy are performed to further investigate the properties of InP/ZnS-PCBM thin films. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of InP/ZnS core/shell QDs confirmed the successful synthesis of QDs having an average size of 5 ± 1 nm. The InP/ZnS-PCBM D-A photo-absorber layer reveals its potential as one of good candidates for hi

关键词： Flexible solar cell Hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) InP/ZnS core/shell QDs Power conversion efficiency (PCE) Quantum dots (QDs) synthesis

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Bridging particle deformability and collective response in soft solids

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Physical Review Materials 2021年第5期5卷 055605-055605页

作者： John D. Treado Dong Wang Arman Boromand Michael P. Murrell Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Systems Biology Institute Yale University West Haven Connecticut 06516 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Soft, amorphous solids such as tissues, foams, and emulsions are composed of deformable particles. However, the effect of single-particle deformability on the collective behavior of soft solids is still poorly understood. We perform numerical simulations of two-dimensional jammed packings of explicitly deformable particles to study the mechanical response of model soft solids. We find that jammed packings of deformable particles with excess shape degrees of freedom possess low-frequency quartic vibrational modes that stabilize the packings even though they possess fewer interparticle contacts than the nominal isostatic value. Adding intraparticle constraints can rigidify the particles, but these particles undergo a buckling transition and gain an effective shape degree of freedom when their preferred perimeter is above a threshold value. We find that the mechanical response of jammed packings of deformable particles with shape degrees of freedom differs significantly from that of jammed packings of rigid-shape particles, which emphasizes the importance of particle deformability in modeling soft solids.

关键词： Collective behavior Jamming Emulsions Foams Tissues Molecular dynamics

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Effects of spatial uniformity of continuous and pulse laser irradiation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V in powder bed fusion

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Materials Today Communications 2025年 46卷

作者： Seunghwan Moon Seungmuk Ji Yoonseok Ko Min-Su Lee Tea-Sung Jun Dong-Ik Kim Jong-Souk Yeo School of Integrated Technology College of Computing Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Center for Energy Materials Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Incheon National University Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea

Powder bed fusion of metals with laser beam (PBF-LB/M) using Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) has enabled delicate fabrication of biocompatible medical implants. This research focuses on how the spatial uniformity of laser irradiation affects material under continuous wave (CW) and pulse width modulated (PWM) laser conditions, using a self-developed PBF-LB/M system. The volumetric energy density (VED) was used as a reference parameter in order to accurately compare the effects of CW and PWM lasers, but limitations of VED, which does not include spatial and kinetic factors, which are reinforced in the PWM laser process, were also considered. Results revealed that the uniform distribution of energy irradiation across the entire region brought similar porosities and Vickers hardness tendencies for CW and PWM laser processes. In contrast, the spatially nonuniform energy transfer resulted in a significantly higher porosity in the specimen fabricated using the PWM laser than that produced using the CW laser at the same VED, reducing compressive yield strength. The electron backscattered diffraction analysis showed no significant differences in the average grain size, phase distribution, and misorientation angle of the samples produced using CW and PWM lasers under the same VED. However, sharper grains with an aspect ratio of less than 0.3 were 7 % higher in specimens produced using the PWM laser. This study highlights the possibility of controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties in a wider range when using the PWM laser with spatially nonuniform irradiation.

关键词： Vickers hardness

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Dietary carbohydrates alter immune-modulatory functionalities and DNA inversions in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4938页

作者： Noa Gal-Mandelbaum Shaqed Carasso Alon Kedem Tamar Ziv Roni Keshet-David Roberto Abboud Rawan Zaatry Tal Gefen Naama Geva-Zatorsky Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC) Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. Smoler Proteomics Center Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC) Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. naamagvz@***. CIFAR Humans & the Microbiome program CIFAR Toronto Canada. naamagvz@***.

The gut bacteria environment is highly dynamic. Environmental conditions were shown to affect microbial composition. Yet, their influences on bacterial functionality (e.g., immune-modulation activity) are mostly overlooked. Distinct strains of the same species, and even the same bacterial strain, may have different effects on the immune system depending on their growth environment. Therefore, studying the functionality of strains under different conditions is crucial. We analyzed functional alterations in the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) under different dietary components consumption in humans, upon white sugar consumption in mice, and in response to 190 different carbon sources in vitro. Dietary alterations affected the orientation of phase variable regions in B. theta in humans, in vivo, and in vitro, and altered B. theta's proteome and immune-modulatory functionality. Studying the effects of dietary components on the immune-modulatory functionalities of key members of the gut microbiota will allow for personalized dietary recommendations.

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Persistent flat band splitting and strong selective band renormalization in a kagome magnet thin film

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ren, Zheng Huang, Jianwei Tan, Hengxin Biswas, Ananya Pulkkinen, Aki Zhang, Yichen Xie, Yaofeng Yue, Ziqin Chen, Lei Xie, Fang Allen, Kevin Wu, Han Ren, Qirui Rajapitamahuni, Anil Kundu, Asish K. Vescovo, Elio Kono, Junichiro Morosan, Emilia Dai, Pengcheng Zhu, Jian-Xin Si, Qimiao Minár, Ján Yan, Binghai Yi, Ming Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Condensed Matter Physics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel New Technologies-Research Center University of West Bohemia Plzeň301 00 Czech Republic Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab UptonNY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Theoretical Division Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM United States

Magnetic kagome materials provide a fascinating playground for exploring the interplay of magnetism, correlation and topology. Many magnetic kagome systems have been reported including the binary FemXn (X=Sn, Ge;m:n = 3:1, 3:2, 1:1) family and the rare earth RMn6Sn6 (R = rare earth) family, where their kagome flat bands are calculated to be near the Fermi level in the paramagnetic phase. While partially filling a kagome flat band is predicted to give rise to a Stoner-type ferromagnetism, experimental visualization of the magnetic splitting across the ordering temperature has not been reported for any of these systems due to the high ordering temperatures, hence leaving the nature of magnetism in kagome magnets an open question. Here, we probe the electronic structure with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a kagome magnet thin film FeSn synthesized using molecular beam epitaxy. We identify the exchange-split kagome flat bands, whose splitting persists above the magnetic ordering temperature, indicative of a local moment picture. Such local moments in the presence of the topological flat band are consistent with the compact molecular orbitals predicted in theory. We further observe a large spin-orbital selective band renormalization in the Fe dxy+dx2-y2spin majority channel reminiscent of the orbital selective correlation effects in the iron-based superconductors. Our discovery of the coexistence of local moments with topological flat bands in a kagome system echoes similar findings in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, and provides a basis for theoretical effort towards modeling correlation effects in magnetic flat band systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Iron-based Superconductors

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Global trends and biases in biodiversity conservation research

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Cell Reports Sustainability 2024年第5期1卷

作者： Caldwell, Iain R. Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. Bowen, Brian W. Cowman, Peter F. DiBattista, Joseph D. Whitney, Jon L. Ahti, Pauliina A. Belderok, Roy Canfield, Sean Coleman, Richard R. Iacchei, Matthew Johnston, Erika C. Knapp, Ingrid Nalley, Eileen M. Staeudle, Timo M. Láruson, Áki Jarl College of Arts Society and Education James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Douglas 4811 QLD Australia School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4069 QLD Australia Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Kāne‘ohe 96744 HI United States Biodiversity and Geosciences Program Queensland Museum Tropics Townsville 4810 QLD Australia College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville 4811 QLD Australia Australian Museum Research Institute Australian Museum Sydney 2010 NSW Australia National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu 96818 HI United States Division of Integrated Science and Engineering California Department of Water Resources Sacramento 95814 CA United States Department of Marine Biology and Ecology Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami Miami 33149 FL United States College of Natural and Computational Sciences Hawaiʻi Pacific University Makapuʻu Campus 41-202 Kalanianaʻole Hwy Waimānalo 96795 HI United States University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu 96822 HI United States Aquaculture and Fisheries Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen 6708 Netherlands Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík 102 Iceland Marine and Freshwater Research Institute Hafnarfjörður 200 Iceland

Efforts to conserve biodiversity have been hampered by long-standing biases, including a disproportionate focus on particular taxa and ecosystems with minimal attention to underlying genetic diversity. We assessed whether these biases have persisted over the past four decades by analyzing trends in 17,502 research articles published in four top conservation-focused journals. Overall, we found that historical biases in conservation biology research remain entrenched. Despite increasing numbers of conservation articles published each decade from 1980 to 2020, research effort has increasingly focused on the same suite of taxa. Surprisingly, some of the most-studied species in these conservation articles had low conservation risk, including several domesticated animals. Animals and terrestrial ecosystems are consistently over-represented while plants, fungi, and freshwater ecosystems remain under-represented. Strategically funding investigations of understudied species and ecosystems will ensure more effective conservation effort across multiple levels of biodiversity, alleviate impediments to biodiversity targets, and ultimately prevent further extinctions. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： bibliometry biodiversity conservation GBIF historical trends IUCN research bias threatened species

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Erratum to “Exploring chemical, physical, and biosynthesis methods for ZnO/SiO 2 : Synthesis strategies and applications” [Inorg. Chem. Commun. 171 (2025) 113659]

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Inorganic Chemistry Communications 2025年 176卷

作者： Fellia Rizar Syahnur Muhamad Diki Permana Rifky Adhia Pratama Yusi Deawati M. Lutfi Firdaus Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy Iman Rahayu Department of Chemistry Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang 45363 Indonesia Special Educational Program for Green Energy Conversion Science and Technology Integrated Graduate School of Medicine Engineering and Agricultural Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu 400-8511 Japan Center for Crystal Science and Technology University of Yamanashi Kofu 400-8511 Japan Department of Chemistry Imperial College London London W12 7TA United Kingdom Graduate School of Science Education University of Bengkulu Bengkulu 38371 Indonesia

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Managing laundry wastewater 1

Managing laundry wastewater

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1st International Conference on Smart City Innovation, ICSCI 2018

作者： Watiniasih, N.L. Purnama, I.G.H. Padmanabha, G. Merdana, I.M. Antara, I.N.G. Study Program of Biological Sciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Udayana University Indonesia Laboratory of Integrated Material Engineering and Environmental Technology Udayana University Indonesia Study Program of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Udayana University Indonesia Faculty of Veterinary Science Udayana University Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Jl. Raya Kampus UNUD Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Bali Jimbaran80361 Indonesia

Laundry services are emerging in every corner of Bali, particularly at suburban area, from cities to villages. These services help the community to ease their burden. However, the burden for the environment is increase. The wastewater from the laundries should be controlled, which should be handled natural ways. One way of reducing the dangerous chemical from the laundry wastewater can be done by Vertical-Sub-surface Flow Constructed Wetland system, using volcanic rocks as substrate of plant grow and the plant as filters. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of volcanic rock and Canna plants as a filter for the laundry wastewater. The volcanic rock as substrate for the plant grows was place in layers in a drum and the laundry wastewater was flowed. The parameter of wastewater laundry, such as TDS, BOD, COD and total phosphate were measured before and after treatment. The treatment was run for 6 weeks. The result shows that this system is effective that overall can reduce the parameter measured for 53.86%. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Volcanic rocks

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Ultraviolet to far-infrared dielectric function of n-doped cadmium oxide thin films

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Physical Review Materials 2020年第2期4卷 025202-025202页

作者： J. Ryan Nolen Evan L. Runnerstrom Kyle P. Kelley Ting S. Luk Thomas G. Folland Angela Cleri Jon-Paul Maria Joshua D. Caldwell Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA Army Research Office CDCC US Army Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico USA Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

Spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to extract the ultraviolet to far-infrared (150–33333cm−1) complex dielectric functions of high-quality, sputtered indium-doped cadmium oxide (In:CdO) thin crystalline films on MgO substrates possessing carrier densities (Nd) ranging from 1.1×1019cm−3 to 4.1×1020cm−3. A multiple oscillator fit model was used to identify and analyze the three major contributors to the dielectric function and their dependence on doping density: interband transitions in the visible, free-carrier excitations (Drude response) in the near- to far-infrared, and IR-active optic phonons in the far-infrared. More specifically, values pertinent to the complex dielectric function such as the optical band gap (Eg), are shown here to be dependent upon carrier density, increasing from approximately 2.5–3 eV, while the high-frequency permittivity (ɛ∞) decreases from 5.6 to 5.1 with increasing carrier density. The plasma frequency (ωp) scales as Nd, resulting in ωp values occurring within the mid- to near-IR, and the effective mass (m*) was also observed to exhibit doping density-dependent changes, reaching a minimum of 0.11mo in unintentionally doped films (1.1×1019cm−3). Good quantitative agreement with prior work on polycrystalline, higher-doped CdO films is also demonstrated, illustrating the generality of the results. The analysis presented here will aid in predictive calculations for CdO-based next-generation nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices, while also providing an underlying physical description of the key properties dictating the dielectric response in this atypical semiconductor system.

关键词： Plasmonics Doped semiconductors Transparent conducting oxides Ellipsometry Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Sputtering

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Electrochemical and quantum chemical investigation on the adsorption behavior of a schiff base and its metal complex for corrosion protection of mild steel in 15 wt% HCl solution

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Heliyon 2024年第23期10卷 e40662页

作者： El-Haitout, Badr Sardjono, Ratnaningsih Eko Es-Sounni, Bouchra Chafiq, Maryam Salghi, Rachid Bakhouch, Mohamed Al-Moubaraki, Aisha H. Al-Ahmari, Jamilah M. Al-Ghamdi, Azza A. Fahim, Mohammed Hammouti, Belkheir Chaouiki, Abdelkarim Ko, Young Gun Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment ENSA University Ibn Zohr PO Box 1136 Agadir 80000 Morocco Chemistry Program Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia Laboratory of Innovative Material and Biotechnology of Naturel Resources Faculty of Sciences of Meknes Moulay Ismail University Morocco Integrated Materials Chemistry Laboratory School of Materials Science and Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 South Korea Euromed University of Fes UEMF Morocco Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Chouaïb Doukkali University P.O. Box 24 El Jadida M-24000 Morocco Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences–Alfaisaliah Campus University of Jeddah Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

This work evaluates the effectiveness of Schiff base derivatives, namely, 2,2'-((1E,1′E)-((2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol (DAMD) and (2-((E)-((3-(((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-2,2dimethylpropyl)imino)methyl)phenoxy) zinc (HDMZ), as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in a 15 % HCl solution. By employing a blend of experimental assessments and theoretical computations, such as electrochemical tests, morphological observations, and theoretical simulations, the study achieved an impressive up to 94.6 % inhibition efficiency. Notably, HDMZ exhibited significant protective properties. The results of PDP showed that both inhibitors act as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. SEM surface analysis of the uninhibited and inhibited samples revealed the formation of a protective layer of inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface to mitigate its corrosion. The Langmuir adsorption model verified the occurrence of dual adsorption, while theoretical simulations offered insights into the underlying interaction mechanisms. The identification of Schiff-based inhibitors reveals a pronounced synergistic effect in corrosion inhibition, marking a significant advancement in understanding corrosion control mechanisms. This study illuminates the process of forming covalent bonds between inhibitor molecules and iron atoms, presenting a hopeful path towards the advancement of corrosion inhibitors tailored for industrial use. The parallel adsorption configuration and mutual interactions form a stable structure, reinforcing the organic-metal bonds and enhancing both chemical and physical adhesion to the steel surface. These findings indicate that the synergistic effect of molecular interactions and polar-rich regions offers a promising strategy for designing functional hybrid materials. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Adsorption behavior Corrosion inhibitor Electrochemistry Molecular modelling Schiff base metal complex

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