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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Aidi Marcus, Philip S. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Program in Applied Science & Technology University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Center for Integrative Planetary Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Detailed observations of the velocities of Jovian vortices exist at only one height in the atmosphere, so their vertical structures are poorly understood. This motivates this study that computes stable 3-dimensional, long-lived planetary vortices that satisfy the equations of motion. We solve the anelastic equations with a high-resolution pseudo-spectral method using the observed Jovian atmospheric temperatures and zonal flow. We examine several families of vortices and find that constant-vorticity vortices, which have nearly-uniform vorticity as a function of height and horizontal areas that go to zero at their tops and bottoms, converge to stable vortices that look like the Great Red Spot (GRS) and other Jovian anticyclones. In contrast, the constant-area vortices proposed in previous studies, which have nearly-uniform areas as a function of height and vertical vorticities that go to zero at their tops and bottoms, are far from equilibrium, break apart, and converge to constant-vorticity vortices. Our late-time vortices show unexpected properties. Vortices that are initially non-hollow become hollow (i.e., have local minima of vertical vorticity at their centers), which is a feature of the GRS that cannot be explained with 2-dimensional simulations. The central axes of the final vortices align with the planetary-spin axis even if they initially align with the local direction of gravity. We present scaling laws for how vortex properties change with the Rossby number and other non-dimensional parameters. We analytically prove that the horizontal mid-plane of a stable vortex must lie at a height above the top of the convective zone. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vortex flow

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First Demonstration of HZO-LNOI Integrated Ferroelectric Electro-Optic Modulator and Memory to Enable Reconfigurable Photonic Systems

First Demonstration of HZO-LNOI Integrated Ferroelectric Ele...

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： Zefeng Xu Chun-Kuei Chen Hong-Lin Lin Yuan Gao Wei Ke Baochang Xu Pavel Dmitriev Carlan Arbiz Evgeny Zamburg Steven Touzard Xinlun Cai James Lee Suresh Venkatesan Aaron Danner Aaron Voon-Yew Thean Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore (NUS) Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program NUS Graduate School Singapore Next-Generation Hybrid μ-Electronics Center (SHINE) Singapore School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-Sen University China 510275 Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies NUS POET Technologies

We have successfully demonstrated, for the first time, an innovative back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible electro-optic modulator and memory (EOMM) based on Lithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI) micro-ring resonator (MRR) integrated with Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconate Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O (HZO) non-volatile analog memory. High non-volatile memory and modulation performances are both achieved in a single compact device, exhibiting high extinction ratio of 13.3 dB, excellent efficiency of 66pm/V, stable nine-state switching, record-high endurance exceeding 10 9 cycles. This is accomplished by utilizing Pockels effect in LNOI, induced by electric-field effect from remnant HZO ferroelectric polarization. We studied the system implementation of reconfigurable chiplet-interposer photonic interconnect, enabled by the EOMM and EOMM with hybrid thermal-optical modulation. Our model shows a potential 70% energy efficiency improvement over conventional electrical interposer interconnect. We have also tested the integration of the EOMM with POET technologies’ 400G Tx/Rx optical interposer chip and studied a limited scale demonstration of the EOMM device.

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High-Resolution Imaging of Human Cancer Proteins Using Microprocessor Materials

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ChemBioChem 2022年第17期23卷 e202200310-e202200310页

作者： Solares, Maria J. Jonaid, G.M. Luqiu, William Y. Berry, Samantha Khadela, Janki Liang, Yanping Evans, Madison C. Pridham, Kevin J. Dearnaley, William J. Sheng, Zhi Kelly, Deborah F. Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Center for Structural Oncology Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham 27708 NC United States Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC Virginia Tech Roanoke 24016 VA United States

Mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as Tumor Protein 53 (TP53), are heavily implicated in aggressive cancers giving rise to gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes. While individual domains of the p53 protein have been studied extensively, structural information for full-length p53 remains incomplete. Functionalized microprocessor chips (microchips) with properties amenable to electron microscopy permitted us to visualize complete p53 assemblies for the first time. The new structures revealed p53 in an inactive dimeric state independent of DNA binding. Residues located at the protein-protein interface corresponded with modification sites in cancer-related hot spots. Changes in these regions may amplify the toxic effects of clinical mutations. Taken together, these results contribute advances in technology and imaging approaches to decode native protein models in different states of activation. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： cancer electron microscopy microchips p53, molecular modeling

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Revolutionizing engineering for P-12 Schools (REPS) 11

Revolutionizing Engineering for P-12 Schools (REPS)

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11th IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference, ISEC 2021

作者： Huffman, Tanner J. Strimel, Greg J. Parry, Elizabeth Zarske, Malinda Turner, Rebecca Department of Integrative Stem Education The College of New Jersey United States Department of Technology Leadership and Innovation Purdue University United States Stem Education Insights Inc. Engineering Plus Program College of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Colorado Boulder United States The College of New Jersey United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665413831

Leveraging the investment in previous work, The College of New Jersey, Purdue University, and the American Society for engineering Education has launched the three-year collaborative research Revolutionizing engineering for P-12 Schools project. The REPS project investigates how to best implement engineering learning as defined by the Framework for P12 engineering Learning. As put forth in the framework, 'associated grade-band specific implementation guides will leverage the content of this report to describe and propose appropriate engineering learning across the grades for all children to engage in rigorous and authentic learning experiences to think, act, and learn like an engineer'. The Framework set the conceptual organization for P-12 engineering learning and provided preliminary engineering Literacy Expectations and engineering Performance Matrices for high school learners. Leveraging this roadmap provided in the Framework, REPS completes the vision by adding the Preschool (P)-Grade 8 components. The REPS project engages the broader P-12 engineering education community in articulating expectations for engineering learning for early learning, elementary, and middle school students to serve as the connecting elements necessary for authentic engineering learning efforts across the grades. The REPS project brings to bear the combined expertise of educators, professional engineers, and researchers in the field of engineering education to refine and complete a consensus on the nature of engineering literacy development for all students from preschool through high school. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： engineering education

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The KIND Dataset: A Social Collaboration Approach for Nuanced Dialect Data Collection 18

The KIND Dataset: A Social Collaboration Approach for Nuance...

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18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, EACL 2024 - Student Research Workshop, SRW 2024

作者： Yamani, Asma Z. Alziyady, Raghad AlYami, Reem Albelali, Salma A. Abouhagar, Leina Almulhim, Jawharah Alsulami, Amjad Alfarraj, Motaz Al-Zaidy, Rabeah Department of Information and Computer Science King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Saudi Arabia Center for Integrative Petroleum Research CIPR King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Saudi Arabia SDAIA-KFUPM Joint Research Center for AI King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Saudi Arabia Preparatory Year Program King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Saudi Arabia Saudi Data & AI Authority Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798891760905

Nuanced dialects are a linguistic variant that pose several challenges for NLP models and techniques. One of the main challenges is the limited amount of datasets to enable extensive research and experimentation. We propose an approach for efficiently collecting nuanced dialectal datasets that are not only of high quality, but are versatile enough to be multipurpose as well. To test our approach we collect the KIND corpus, which is a collection of fine-grained Arabic dialect data. The data is short texts, and unlike many nuanced dialectal datasets, it is curated manually through social collaboration efforts as opposed to being crawled from social media. The collaborative approach is incentivized through educational gamification and competitions for which the community itself benefits from the open source dataset. Our approach aims to achieve: (1) coverage of dialects from under-represented groups and fine-grained dialectal varieties, (2) provide aligned parallel corpora for translation between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and multiple dialects to enable translation and comparison studies, (3) promote innovative approaches for nuanced dialect data collection. We explain the steps for the competition as well as the resulting datasets and the competing data collection systems. The KIND dataset is shared with the research community. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Data acquisition

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Ambient Cardiovascular Monitoring with Metamaterial Textile Sensors

Ambient Cardiovascular Monitoring with Metamaterial Textile ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Dat T. Nguyen Qihang Zeng Xi Tian John S. Ho Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program National University of Singapore Graduate School Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore SIA-NUS Digital Aviation Corporate Laboratory and the Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Health Innovation and Technology N.1 Institute for Health at the National University of Singapore Singapore

Contactless sensors embedded in the ambient environment have broad applications in unobtrusive, long-term health monitoring for preventative and personalized healthcare. Microwave radar sensors are an attractive candidate for ambient sensing due to their high sensitivity to physiological motions, ability to penetrate through obstacles and privacy-preserving properties, but practical applications in complex real-world environments have been limited because of challenges associated with background clutter and interference. In this work, we propose a thin and soft textile sensor based on microwave metamaterials that can be easily integrated into ordinary furniture for contactless ambient monitoring of multiple cardiovascular signals in a localized manner. Evaluations of our sensor’s performance in human subjects show high accuracy of heartbeat and arterial pulse detection, with ≥ 96.5% sensitivity and < 5% mean absolute relative error (MARE) across all subjects. We demonstrate our sensor’s utility for cuffless blood pressure monitoring on a human subject over a continuous 10-minute period. Our results highlight the potential of metamaterial textile sensors in ambient health and wellness monitoring *** relevance—The contactless metamaterial textile sensors demonstrated in this paper provide unobtrusive, convenient and long-term monitoring of multiple cardiovascular health metrics, including heart rate, pulse rate and cuffless blood pressure, which can facilitate preventative and personalized healthcare.

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Advances in transcription factor delivery: Target selection, engineering strategies, and delivery platforms

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Journal of Controlled Release 2025年 384卷 113885页

作者： Lee, Yeji Yoo, Seongkyeong Cho, Seongeon Kim, Iljin Kim, In-San KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering Inha University College of Medicine Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication Inha University College of Medicine Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

Recent advances in delivery systems for transcription factors (TFs) have opened new therapeutic opportunities in regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, and genetic disorders. However, effective TF delivery still faces substantial obstacles, including limited cellular uptake, inefficient nuclear translocation, low cargo stability, and insufficient target specificity. Furthermore, artificial TFs have enabled targeted modulation of gene expression, further expanding their therapeutic potential. This review comprehensively discusses current progress in TF delivery methodologies, including direct TF protein delivery using cell-penetrating peptides, and extracellular vesicles, as well as TF gene delivery approaches utilizing both lipid-based nanoparticles and viral strategies. Notably, engineered nanoparticles have emerged as promising platforms due to their precise control over TF delivery, improved specificity, and minimized off-target effects. Despite these significant advancements, major hurdles in delivery efficiency, cargo stability, and overall safety persist. Overcoming these obstacles will be essential to accelerate the clinical translation of TF-based therapeutics for a broad spectrum of diseases. © 2024

关键词： Transcription factors

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Non-invasive label-free assessment of contraction induced damage to skeletal muscle structure using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy 19

Non-invasive label-free assessment of contraction induced da...

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Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues XIX 2021

作者： Willen, Maeve Helton, Michael Zerafa, Samantha A. Diggs, Alisha B. Young, James R. Brooks, Susan V. Larkin, Lisa M. Mycek, Mary-Ann Biomedical Engineering Department University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Bioengineering Department Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Molecular and Integrative Physiology Department University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510641303

ISBN: (纸本)9781510641297

Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a second-order nonlinear optical scattering process that can nondestructively image myosin filament microarchitecture up to 500 μm in depth due to its high spatial resolution, optical sectioning capabilities, and elastic scattering properties. The distribution, alignment, and spatial orientation of myosin filaments largely dictates the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle. Noninvasive quantification of these metrics in-vivo or in-vitro could be indicative of skeletal muscle function and viability. Here, we present a novel algorithm to quantitate sarcomere length with high spatial resolution and accuracy when compared to traditional approaches. Our approach runs in real-time and is less sensitive to instrumental noise and artifacts that shade regions of the image. We have tested this technique on ex-vivo SHG images of rat lumbrical muscles that have been damaged following standardized lengthening contraction protocols. Our approach shows accurate quantitation of sarcomere lengths within 1% compared to manual calculations. This algorithm can be used to reliably analyze SHG images in real-time to assess the structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue in a non-invasive, quantitative, and sterile manner. © 2021 SPIE

关键词： Harmonic generation

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A Sensory Feedback Control Law for Octopus Arm Movements

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Tixian Halder, Udit Gribkova, Ekaterina Gillette, Rhanor Gazzola, Mattia Mehta, Prashant G. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory United States Neuroscience Program Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology National Center for Supercomputing Applications Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States

The main contribution of this paper is a novel sensory feedback control law for an octopus arm. The control law is inspired by, and helps integrate, several observations made by biologists. The proposed control law is distinct from prior work which has mainly focused on open-loop control strategies. Several analytical results are described including characterization of the equilibrium and its stability analysis. Numerical simulations demonstrate life-like motion of the soft octopus arm, qualitatively matching behavioral experiments. Quantitative comparison with bend propagation experiments helps provide the first explanation of such canonical motion using a sensory feedback control law. Several remarks are included that help draw parallels with natural pursuit strategies such as motion camouflage or classical pursuit. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feedback control

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Control-oriented modeling of bend propagation in an octopus arm

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Tixian Halder, Udit Gribkova, Ekaterina Gazzola, Mattia Mehta, Prashant G. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory Neuroscience Program Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Bend propagation in an octopus arm refers to a stereotypical maneuver whereby an octopus pushes a bend (localized region of large curvature) from the base to the tip of the arm. Bend propagation arises from the complex interplay between mechanics of the flexible arm, forces generated by internal muscles, and environmental effects (buoyancy and drag) from of the surrounding fluid. In part due to this complexity, much of prior modeling and analysis work has relied on the use of high dimensional computational models. The contribution of this paper is to present a control-oriented reduced order model based upon a novel parametrization of the curvature of the octopus arm. The parametrization is motivated by the experimental results. The reduced order model is related to and derived from a computational model which is also presented. The results from the two sets of models are compared using numerical simulations which is shown to lead to useful qualitative insights into bend propagation. A comparison between the reduced order model and experimental data is also reported. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molluscs

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