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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ou, Longshen Zhao, Jingwei Wang, Ziyu Xia, Gus Wang, Ye Sound and Music Computing Lab School of Computing NUS Singapore Institute of Data Science NUS Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate School Singapore Music X Lab MBZUAI United Arab Emirates NYU Shanghai China

Automatic music arrangement streamlines the creation of musical variants for composers and arrangers, reducing reliance on extensive music expertise. However, existing methods suffer from inefficient tokenization, underutilization of pretrained music language models (LMs), and suboptimal fidelity and coherence in generated arrangements. This paper introduces an efficient multitrack music tokenizer for unconditional and conditional symbolic music generation, along with a unified sequence-to-sequence reconstruction fine-tuning objective for pre-trained music LMs that balances task-specific needs with coherence constraints. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on band arrangement, piano reduction, and drum arrangement, surpassing task-specific models in both objective metrics and perceptual quality. Additionally, we demonstrate that generative pretraining significantly contributes to the performance across these arrangement tasks, especially when handling long segments with complex alignment. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Musical instruments

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EIGENCWD: A SPATIALLY-VARYING DECONVOLUTION ALGORITHM FOR SINGLE METALENS IMAGING

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yeo, Joel Loh, N. Duane Paniagua-Dominguez, Ramon Kuznetsov, Arseniy I. NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme National University of Singapore Singapore119077 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore117558 Singapore 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore138634 Singapore

The miniaturization of optics through the use of two-dimensional metalenses has enabled novel applications in imaging. To date, single-lens imaging remains the most common configuration, in part due to the limited focusing efficiency of metalenses. This results in limitations when it comes to wavefront manipulation and, thus, unavoidable aberrations in the formed image that require computational deconvolution to deblur the image. For certain lens profiles, such as the most common hyperbolic one that results in the highest efficiencies, at large fields of view, spatially-varying aberrations such as coma or astigmatism are prominent. These aberrations cannot be corrected for by traditional deconvolution methods, such as Wiener filtering. Here, we develop a spatially-varying deconvolution algorithm based on eigenvalue column-wise decomposition (eigenCWD). EigenCWD solves a minimization problem of the error between the measured image and the estimated image of the object to be reconstructed through an approximate forward blurring model. This approximate forward model uses an eigendecomposition of the spatially-varying point spread functions for fast computation, allowing for efficient scaling to larger image sizes and blurring kernels common in metalens imaging. We demonstrate eigenCWD’s ability to correct spatially-varying blur and distortions for various lens profiles, surpassing that of the Wiener filter. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Wiener filtering

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Alleviating mechanical degradation of hexacyanoferrate via strain locking during Na^(+) insertion/extraction for full sodium ion battery

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2123-2129页

作者： Jianguo Sun Hualin Ye Jin An Sam Oh Yao Sun Anna Plewa Yumei Wang Tian Wu Kaiyang Zeng Li Lu Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore National University of Singapore Chongqing Research Institute Chongqing 401123China Department of Chemical&Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore 138632Singapore Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnologyand Research)Singapore 138634Singapore School of Science Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Faculty of Energy and Fuels AGH University of Science and Technology al.Mickiewicza 30 30-059 KrakowPoland Institute of Materials Research and Engi

Generation of large strains upon Na^(+) intercalation is one of the prime concerns of the mechanical degradation of Prussian blue(PB)and its *** construction from the atomic level is imperative to maintain structural stability and ameliorate the long-term stability of ***,an inter nickel hexacyanoferrate(NNiFCN)is successfully introduced at the out layer of iron hexacyanoferrate(NFFCN)through ion exchange to improve structural stability through compressive stress locking by forming NNiFCN ***,the kinetics of sodium ion diffusion is enhanced through the built-in electric *** electrochemical performance is therefore significantly improved with a remarkable long-term cycling stability over 3,000 cycles at 500 mA·g^(–1) in the full sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)with a maximum energy density of 91.94 Wh·g^(–1),indicating that the core-shell structured NNiFCN/NFFCN could be the low-cost and high-performance cathode for full SIBs in large-scale EES applications.

关键词： mechanical degradation core-shell structure Prussian blue full sodium-ion battery built-in electric field

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A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator designed for scavenging biomechanical energy in human balance control

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4227-4235页

作者： Long Liu Qiongfeng Shi Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS National University of SingaporeBlock E6#05-115 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117608Singapore NUS Suzhou Research Institute(NUSRI) Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123China NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme(ISEP) National University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore

For human beings of different ages and physical abilities, the inherent balance control system is ubiquitous and active to prevent falling, especially in motion states. A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator (HETNG) is prepared to harvest biomechanical energy during human balance control processes and achieve significant monitoring functions. The HETNG is composed of a symmetrical pendulum structure and a cylinder magnet rolling inside. Four coils are divided into two groups which form into two electromagnetic generators (EMGs). Besides, two spatial electrodes attached to the inner wall constitute a freestanding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). With a rectification circuit, the HETNG presents a high output power with a peak value of 0.55 W at a load of 160 Ω. Along with human balance control processes during walking, the HETNG can harvest biomechanical energy at different positions on the trunk. Moreover, the HETNG applied in artificial limb has been preliminarily simulated with the positions on thigh and foot, for monitoring the actions of squat and stand up, and lifting the leg up and down. For the elder that walks slowly with a walking aid, the HETNG equipped on the walking aid can help to record the motions of forwarding and unexpected falling, which is useful for calling for help. This work shows the potential of biomechanical energy-driven HETNG for powering portable electronics and monitoring human motions, also shows significant concerns to people lacked action capability or disabled.

关键词： hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator human balance control internet of things artificial limb

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Provably Efficient Algorithm for Nonstationary Low-Rank MDPs

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Cheng, Yuan Yang, Jing Liang, Yingbin Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate School Singapore School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University OH43210 United States

Reinforcement learning (RL) under changing environment models many real-world applications via nonstationary Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), and hence gains considerable interest. However, theoretical studies on nonstationary MDPs in the literature have mainly focused on tabular and linear (mixture) MDPs, which do not capture the nature of unknown representation in deep RL. In this paper, we make the first effort to investigate nonstationary RL under episodic low-rank MDPs, where both transition kernels and rewards may vary over time, and the low-rank model contains unknown representation in addition to the linear state embedding function. We first propose a parameter-dependent policy optimization algorithm called PORTAL, and further improve PORTAL to its parameter-free version of Ada-PORTAL, which is able to tune its hyper-parameters adaptively without any prior knowledge of nonstationarity. For both algorithms, we provide upper bounds on the average dynamic suboptimality gap, which show that as long as the nonstationarity is not significantly large, PORTAL and Ada-PORTAL are sample-efficient and can achieve arbitrarily small average dynamic suboptimality gap with polynomial sample complexity. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

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Q&A: Query-Based Representation Learning for Multi-Track Symbolic Music re-Arrangement

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhao, Jingwei Xia, Gus Wang, Ye School of Computing NUS Singapore Institute of Data Science NUS Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate School Singapore Music X Lab NYU Shanghai China MBZUAI United Arab Emirates

Music rearrangement is a common music practice of reconstructing and reconceptualizing a piece using new composition or instrumentation styles, which is also an important task of automatic music generation. Existing studies typically model the mapping from a source piece to a target piece via supervised learning. In this paper, we tackle rearrangement problems via self-supervised learning, in which the mapping styles can be regarded as conditions and controlled in a flexible way. Specifically, we are inspired by the representation disentanglement idea and propose Q&A, a query-based algorithm for multi-track music rearrangement under an encoder-decoder framework. Q&A learns both a content representation from the mixture and function (style) representations from each individual track, while the latter queries the former in order to rearrange a new piece. Our current model focuses on popular music and provides a controllable pathway to four scenarios: 1) re-instrumentation, 2) piano cover generation, 3) orchestration, and 4) voice separation. Experiments show that our query system achieves high-quality rearrangement results with delicate multi-track structures, significantly outperforming the baselines. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Music

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Intracellular interferon signalling pathways as potential regulators of covalently closed circular DNA in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第14期27卷 1369-1391页

作者： Zhi Yi Goh Ee Chee Ren Hui Ling Ko Singapore Immunology Network Agency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore 138648Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore

250 million people worldwide continue to be chronically infected with the *** patients may be treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues,this only suppresses HBV titre to sub-detection levels without eliminating the persistent HBV covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)*** a result,HBV infection cannot be cured,and the virus reactivates when conditions are ***(IFNs)are cytokines known to induce powerful antiviral mechanisms that clear viruses from infected *** have been shown to induce cccDNA clearance,but their use in the treatment of HBV infection is limited as HBVtargeting immune cells are exhausted and HBV has evolved multiple mechanisms to evade and suppress IFN ***,to fully utilize IFN-mediated intracellular mechanisms to effectively eliminate HBV,instead of direct IFN administration,novel strategies to sustain IFN-mediated anti-cccDNA and antiviral mechanisms need to be *** review will consolidate what is known about how IFNs act to achieve its intracellular antiviral effects and highlight the critical interferon-stimulated gene targets and effector mechanisms with potent anti-cccDNA *** include cccDNA degradation by APOBECs and cccDNA silencing and transcription repression by epigenetic *** addition,the mechanisms that HBV employs to disrupt IFN signalling will be *** that have been developed or are in the pipeline for components of the IFN signalling pathway and HBV targets that detract IFN signalling mechanisms will also be identified and discussed for utility in the treatment of HBV ***,these will provide useful insights into design strategies that specifically target cccDNA for the eradication of HBV.

关键词： Covalently closed circular DNA Interferons APOBECs Epigenetic modification Hepatitis B virus therapeutics

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Observation of weak localization in dual-gated bilayer MoS2

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Physical Review Research 2024年第1期6卷 013216-013216页

作者： Tingyu Qu Michele Masseroni Takashi Taniguchi Kenji Watanabe Barbaros Özyilmaz Thomas Ihn Klaus Ensslin NUS Graduate School Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Solid State Physics Laboratory ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland

We investigate the magnetoresistance of a dual-gated bilayer MoS2 encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride. At low magnetic fields (|B|<0.5T), we observe a negative magnetoresistance, which we identify as the weak localization effect. We determine both the phase coherence length and mean free path as a function of electron density and displacement field. Both characteristic lengths show a similar monotonic increase with electron density, while they are not affected by the displacement field. We further investigate the dephasing mechanism by measuring the temperature dependence of the phase coherence length. Our results suggest that when only the lower spin-orbit split bands (K↑, K′↓) contribute to transport is Coulomb scattering the dominant source of decoherence, while intervalley scattering seems not to play a relevant role in this regime. This observation is consistent with the picture of spin-polarized valleys (spin-valley locking), where the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling protects the spin states, rather than introducing an additional dephasing mechanism as in other materials.

关键词： Magnetotransport Weak localization Transition metal dichalcogenides Two-dimensional electron system Resistivity measurements

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CD137L,a driver of harmful inflammation in the nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2387-2388页

作者： Hiu Yi Wong Amanda C.Y.Chan Anselm Mak Herbert Schwarz Division of Life Science State Key Laboratory of Molecular NeuroscienceMolecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Division of Neurology University Medicine ClusterNational University HospitalSingapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore Division of Rheumatology University Medicine ClusterNational University Health SystemDepartment of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational Univesity of SingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology and Immunology ProgrammeYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore

CD137 (TNFRSF9,4-1BB) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family and a potent costimulatory *** levels of CD137 are expressed on T cells upon ***137 signaling in T cells,either by cognate interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APC)or by agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies,strongly enhances proliferation,interferon-y secretion,and cytolytic activity of T ***,CD137 signaling is a main driver of cellular,type 1 helper T cells (Th1)and type 1 cytolytic T cells (Tc1) polarised immune responses.

关键词： CD137 CD137L inflammation

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Exciton-Enhanced Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion in Two-Dimensional Crystals

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第24期132卷 246902-246902页

作者： Fengyuan Xuan MingRui Lai Yaze Wu Su Ying Quek Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore 6 Science Drive 2 117546 Singapore Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou 215123 China Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate School National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore 2 Science Drive 3 117551 Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117575 Singapore

We show that excitonic resonances and interexciton transitions can enhance the probability of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, a second-order optical response that generates entangled photon pairs. We benchmark our ab initio many-body calculations using experimental polar plots of second harmonic generation in NbOI2, clearly demonstrating the relevance of excitons in the nonlinear response. A strong double-exciton resonance in 2D NbOCl2 leads to giant enhancement in the second order susceptibility. Our work paves the way for the realization of efficient ultrathin quantum light sources.

关键词： Electronic structure Entanglement production Excitons First-principles calculations 2-dimensional systems Semiconductor compounds Approximation methods for many-body systems Density functional theory GW method Materials modeling Optical second-harmonic generation

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