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ACM and IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design (MEMOCODE)

作者： Eriko Nurvitadhi Intel Science and Technology Center for Embedded Computing Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479909049

The MEMOCODE 2013 design contest problem is stereo matching. Given a stereo image pair (i.e., a left image and a right image), the challenge is to infer the depth information (i.e., third dimension) for each pixel in the image utilizing belief propagation algorithm. Contestants were given a month to develop a fast and/or cost-effective system for stereo matching. From a total of eight participating teams, three winners were selected based on pure-performance and cost-adjusted-performance metrics, taking into consideration inference accuracy achieved by their design solutions. The winning teams used hierarchical belief propagation algorithm on intel multicore systems, streaming tree-reweighted message passing (TRW-S) algorithm on Convey HC-1 FPGA platform, and tile-based belief propagation algorithm on Nvidia GTX 680 GPU platform.

关键词： Stereo vision Belief propagation Accuracy Inference algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Software Field programmable gate arrays

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HARDWARE-EFFICIENT STEREO ESTIMATION USING A RESIDUAL-BASED APPROACH

HARDWARE-EFFICIENT STEREO ESTIMATION USING A RESIDUAL-BASED ...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： Abhishek A. Sharma Kaustubh Neelathalli Diana Marculescu Eriko Nurvitadhi Carnegie Mellon University Intel Science and Technology Center on Embedded Computing

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903573

Many promising embedded computer vision applications, such as stereo estimation, rely on inference computation on Markov Random Fields (MRFs). Sequential Tree-Reweighted Message passing (TRW-S) is a superior MRF solving method, which provides better convergence and energy than others (e.g., belief propagation). Since software TRW-S solvers are slow, custom TRW-S hardware has been proposed to improve execution efficiency. This paper proposes hardware mechanisms to further optimize TRW-S hardware efficiency, by tracking differences in input message values (residues) and skipping computation when values no longer change (residue is zero). Evaluations of our hardware mechanisms using Middlebury benchmark show 1.6x to 6x potential reduction in computation (depending on design parameters) while increasing energy by only 0.4% to 4.8%.

关键词： Hardware optimization stereo estimation Markov Random Fields Markov random fields Computer hardware Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Belief propagation arithmetic Residues

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Automated Three-Stage Nucleus and Cytoplasm Segmentation of Overlapping Cells

Automated Three-Stage Nucleus and Cytoplasm Segmentation of ...

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International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics & Vision

作者： Afaf Tareef Yang Song Weidong Cai David Dagan Feng Mei Chen Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology (BMIT) Research Group School of Information Technologies University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Intel Science and Technology Center on Embedded Computing Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479952007

Developing segmentation techniques for overlapping cells has become a major hurdle for automated analysis of cervical cells. In this paper, an automated three-stage segmentation approach to segment the nucleus and cytoplasm of each overlapping cell is described. First, superpixel clustering is conducted to segment the image into small coherent clusters that are used to generate a refined superpixel map. The refined superpixel map is passed to an adaptive thresholding step to initially segment the image into cellular clumps and background. Second, a linear classifier with superpixel-based features is designed to finalize the separation between nuclei and cytoplasm. Finally, edge and region based cell segmentation are performed based on edge enhancement process, gradient thresholding, morphological operations, and region properties evaluation on all detected nuclei and cytoplasm pairs. The proposed framework has been evaluated using the ISBI 2014 challenge dataset. The dataset consists of 45 synthetic cell images, yielding 270 cells in total. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, our approach provides more accurate nuclei boundaries, as well as successfully segments most of overlapping cells.

关键词： Cervical overlapping cells Pap smear images Support vector machine Edge and region integration Morphological reconstruction Cell segmentation

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Multi-directional beam of patch antenna

Multi-directional beam of patch antenna

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International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)

作者： M. Jusoh A. H. Ismail M. R. Kamarudin A. Alomainy Mohd Waffy Nasrudin T. Sabapathy Embedded Network and Advanced Computing Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Faculty of Technology Engineering (FTK) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Wireless Communication Center (WCC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) School of Electronic Engineering & Computer Science Queen Mary Unversity of London (QMUL)

A parasitic planar patch antenna capable of multidirectional pattern reconfiguration is presented. The integration of mutual coupling principle with the parasitic techniques has realized the pattern reconfigurable features. The antenna structure consists of a driven element surrounded by four parasitic elements act as reflectors and director depending on the switching schemes. All parasitic elements is directly connected to the ground via shorting pins. Reconfiguration achieved using four PIN diode switches by experimentally investigating the effect of switching technique on overall steering performance. The proposed antenna achieves nine clear beam angular positions at □=0°, 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270° and 315°. Moreover, the proposed antenna has achieved excellent gain levels at all reconfiguration scenarios with an average value 7 dBi. Regardless of the switching configurations, the proposed antenna has stable S11 between 2.36 GHz to 2.39 GHz application.

关键词： PIN photodiodes Switches Ultra wideband antennas Directive antennas Reflection coefficient

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MetaBot: Automated and dynamically schedulable robotic behaviors in retail environments

MetaBot: Automated and dynamically schedulable robotic behav...

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International Workshop on Robot Sensing (ROSE)

作者： Jon Francis Utsav Drolia Kunal Mankodiya Rolando Martins Rajeev Gandhi Priya Narasimhan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Intel Science & Technology Center for Embedded Computing Pittsburgh PA USA

The ever-increasing popularity of online stores is reshaping traditional commerce models. In particular, brick-and-mortar stores are presently facing the challenge of reinventing themselves and their business models to offer attractive yet low-cost alternatives to e-commerce. Other industries have already introduced new concepts to fight inefficiency (i.e., “Just-in-Time” inventory management in Automotive), retail stores face a more challenging environment which these models cannot accommodate. Stores remain heavily vested in battling the overhead costs of personnel management when, instead, a robotic automation scheme with retail-oriented behaviors could reduce the detection latency of out-of-stock and compliance error phenomena throughout the store. These behaviors must be automated, multi-purpose, and schedulable; they must also ensure that the robot coordinates store nuances to adapt its functionality appropriately. In this paper, we present our architecture that defines retail robot behaviors as a collection of reusable activities, which, when permuted various ways, allows for various high-level and application-specific tasks to be accomplished effectively. We evaluate this system on our robotic platform by scrutinizing the integrity of navigation and machine vision tasks, which we perform concurrently in an experimental store setup. Results show the feasibility and efficiency of our proposed architecture.

关键词： Robot kinematics Navigation Sensor systems Robot sensing systems Hardware

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Temperature Map recovery based on compressive sensing for large-scale wireless sensor networks

Temperature Map recovery based on compressive sensing for la...

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2013 IEEE International Conference on Green computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social computing, GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom 2013

作者： Wu, Xuan-Xuan Chuang, Cheng-Long Jiang, Joe-Air Department of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China Intel-NTU Connected Context Computing Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769550466

Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks are widely applied into monitoring indoor and outdoor special events, such as spectrum estimation and temperature sensing. The way of sensing is used to deploy plenty of sensor nodes in the field. However, after analyzing the data we collected from WSNs, we've found that events happened in the same area has presented clustering stably. Instead of randomly showing up all around, events tend to emerge from some individual points. For that reason, the nodes that distributed indiscriminately certainly have redundancies. And these redundancies will bring unnecessarily energy cost. In consider of that, by combining the compressive sensing and matrix completion theory and analyzing the data, we have found that as long as the data collected from WSNs is close to low-rank matrix criteria, at most 88% of nodes can be cut down and 90% energy will be saved. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Energy conservation

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Dynamic bandwidth adaptation using recognition accuracy prediction through pre-classification for embedded vision systems

Dynamic bandwidth adaptation using recognition accuracy pred...

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IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors, (ICCD)

作者： Yang Xiao Chuanjun Zhang Kevin Inck Vijaykrishnan Narayanan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Penn State University PA USA Intel Science and Technology Center for Embedded Computing Pittsburg PA USA Pennsylvania State University University Park PA US

Empowered by the massive growth of camera enabled mobile devices; mobile applications that allow users to perceive and experience the world in richer and more engaging ways have emerged at tremendous pace. As more complex perception algorithms are developed to take advantage of higher resolution imagery, future mobile applications will require application specific accelerators to maintain performance required for interactive user experiences. A key challenge in these accelerator-rich mobile platforms will be guaranteeing the off-chip memory bandwidth required by each accelerator. Device integration techniques such as Package on Package and Wide-IO seek to tackle the memory wall problem by reducing bottlenecks at the I/O interfaces. However, less effort has been focused on solving the bandwidth problem by dynamically leveraging the individual and collective bandwidth characteristics of accelerators operating concurrently. This work investigates the off-chip bandwidth characteristics of accelerators in the context of embedded perceptual computing applications. A bandwidth aware feedback system is proposed that dynamically partitions available bandwidth among a set of accelerators at the expense of application accuracy. As a case study, the proposed adaption policy is applied to a biologically-inspired scene understanding application. Results indicate that the system maintains good accuracy while requiring only 25% of the original bandwidth.

关键词： Decision support systems

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A Hierarchical Framework Using Approximated Local Outlier Factor for Efficient Anomaly Detection

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Procedia Computer science 2013年 19卷 1174-1181页

作者： Lin Xu Yi-Ren Yeh Yuh-Jye Lee Jing Li Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Intel-NTU Connected Context Computing Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

Anomaly detection aims to identify rare events that deviate remarkably from existing data. To satisfy real-world appli- cations, various anomaly detection technologies have been proposed. Due to the resource constraints, such as limited energy, computation ability and memory storage, most of them cannot be directly used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this work, we proposed a hierarchical anomaly detection framework to overcome the challenges of anomaly detection in WSNs. We aim to detect anomalies by the accurate model and the approximated model learned at the re- mote server and sink nodes, respectively. Besides the framework, we also proposed an approximated local outlier factor algorithm, which can be learned at the sink nodes. The proposed algorithm is more efficient in computation and storage by comparing with the standard one. Experimental results verify the feasibility of our proposed method in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： Local sensitive hashing Local outlier factor Anomaly detection Hamming distance

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Temperature Map Recovery Based on Compressive Sensing for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

Temperature Map Recovery Based on Compressive Sensing for La...

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IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social computing (CPSCom) Green computing and Communications (GreenCom)

作者： Xuanxuan Wu Cheng-Long Chuang Joe-Air Jiang Department of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China Intel-NTU Connected Context Computing Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479906314

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Energy consumption Power demand Monitoring Sparse matrices Matrix decomposition Temperature distribution

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Short paper: Channel model for visible light communications using off-the-shelf scooter taillight

Short paper: Channel model for visible light communications ...

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IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)

作者： Wantanee Viriyasitavat Shun-Hsiang Yu Hsin-Mu Tsai Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Intel-NTU Connected Context Computing Center and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Over the past few years, Light Emitting Diode (LED) has become very common in automotive lighting due to its long service life, high resistance to vibration, and better safety performance due to its short rise time. A number of existing works use LEDs that already exist in vehicles, such as brake lights, turn signals, and headlamps, to carry out vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications with visible light communications (VLC). Nonetheless, very few studies derive analytical models for VLC with empirical data obtained from the real world or with realistic assumptions. In addition, experimental works were often conducted in closed environments with lighting systems that are specifically customized, instead of real-life lighting systems. In this paper, we perform an analytical study that attempts to derive VLC channel models in a realistic V2V setting. The proposed model is evaluated against the real-world data obtained with unmodified off-the-shelf scooter taillights, and the results show that the proposed model is able to accurately estimate the received power of the scooter taillight at distances of up to 10 meters. In addition, this paper also discusses several guidelines for modeling VLC radiation behaviors when different types of LED taillights are used.

关键词： Optical transmitters Optical receivers Motorcycles Channel models Light emitting diodes

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