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Radio frequency interference mitigation using pseudoinverse learning autoencoders

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第8期20卷 121-128页

作者： Hong-Feng Wang Mao Yuan Qian Yin Ping Guo Wei-Wei Zhu Di Li Si-Bo Feng Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Laboratory School of Artificial IntelligenceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Information Management Dezhou UniversityDezhou 253023China Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Laboratory School of System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute for Astronomical Science Dezhou UniversityDezhou 253023China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hanvon Technology Co. LtdBeijing 100193China NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa

Radio frequency interference(RFI)is an important challenge in radio *** comes from various sources and increasingly impacts astronomical observation as telescopes become more *** this study,we propose a fast and effective method for removing RFI in pulsar *** use pseudo-inverse learning to train a single hidden layer auto-encoder(AE).We demonstrate that the AE can quickly learn the RFI signatures and then remove them from fast-sampled spectra,leaving real pulsar *** method has the advantage over traditional threshold-based filter method in that it does not completely remove contaminated channels,which could also contain useful astronomical information.

关键词： pulsars:general methods:numerical methods:data analysis

A novel TSK fuzzy system incorporating multiview collaborative transfer learning for personalized epileptic EEG detection

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Andong Deng, Zhaohong Lou, Qiongdan Choi, Kup-Sze Shen, Hongbin Wang, Shitong School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Jiangnan University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Design and Software Technology Wuxi214122 China Centre for Smart Health Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China

—In clinical practice, electroencephalography (EEG) plays an important role in the diagnosis of epilepsy. EEG-based computer-aided diagnosis of epilepsy can greatly improve the accuracy of epilepsy detection while reducing the workload of physicians. However, there are many challenges in practical applications for personalized epileptic EEG detection (i.e., training of detection model for a specific person), including the difficulty in extracting effective features from one single view, the undesirable but common scenario of lacking sufficient training data in practice, and the no guarantee of identically distributed training and test data. To solve these problems, we propose a TSK fuzzy system-based epilepsy detection algorithm that integrates multi-view collaborative transfer learning. To address the challenge due to the limitation of single-view features, multi-view learning ensures the diversity of features by extracting them from different views. The lack of training data for building a personalized detection model is tackled by leveraging the knowledge from the source domain (reference scene) to enhance the performance of the target domain (current scene of interest), where mismatch of data distributions between the two domains is resolved with adaption technique based on maximum mean discrepancy. Notably, the transfer learning and multi-view feature extraction are performed at the same time. Furthermore, the fuzzy rules of the TSK fuzzy system equip the model with strong fuzzy logic inference capability. Hence, the proposed method has the potential to detect epileptic EEG signals effectively, which is demonstrated with the positive results from a large number of experiments on the CHB-MIT dataset. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electrophysiology

EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Are Vulnerable to Backdoor Attacks

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Research Square

Research Square 2021年

作者： Meng, Lubin Huang, Jian Zeng, Zhigang Jiang, Xue Yu, Shan Jung, Tzyy-Ping Lin, Chin-Teng Chavarriaga, Ricardo Wu, Dongrui Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China La Jolla CA United States Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering Institute of Engineering in Medicine UCSD La Jolla CA United States Centre of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Australia ZHAW DataLab Zürich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur8401 Switzerland

Research and development of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced rapidly, partly due to the wide adoption of sophisticated machine learning approaches for decoding the EEG signals. However, recent studies have shown that machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, e.g., the attacker can add tiny adversarial perturbations to a test sample to fool the model, or poison the training data to insert a secret backdoor. Previous research has shown that adversarial attacks are also possible for EEG-based BCIs. However, only adversarial perturbations have been considered, and the approaches are theoretically sound but very difficult to implement in practice. This article proposes to use narrow period pulse for poisoning attack of EEG-based BCIs, which is more feasible in practice and has never been considered before. One can create dangerous backdoors in the machine learning model by injecting poisoning samples into the training set. Test samples with the backdoor key will then be classified into the target class specified by the attacker. What most distinguishes our approach from previous ones is that the backdoor key does not need to be synchronized with the EEG trials, making it very easy to implement. The effectiveness and robustness of the backdoor attack approach is demonstrated, highlighting a critical security concern for EEG-based BCIs. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electroencephalography

ÆMMamba: An Efficient Medical Segmentation Model With Edge Enhancement

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IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Xingbo Dong Bowen Zhou Chen Yin Iman Yi Liao Zhe Jin Zhaozhao Xu Bin Pu Anhui University Anhui Provincial International Joint Research Center for Advanced Technology in Medical Imaging Hefei 230093 China Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ) Shenzhen China Nanchang Hangkong University Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Nanchang 330063 China University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus School of Computer Science Semenyih 43500 Malaysia Henan Polytechnic University School of Computer Science and Technology Jiaozuo China Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha China

Medical image segmentation is critical for disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis assessment, yet the complexity and diversity of medical images pose significant challenges to accurate segmentation. While Convolutional Neural Networks capture local features and Vision Transformers excel in the global context, both struggle with efficient long-range dependency modeling. Inspired by Mamba's State Space Modeling efficiency, we propose ÆMMamba, a novel multi-scale feature extraction framework built on the Mamba backbone network. AÆMMamba integrates several innovative modules: the Efficient Fusion Bridge (EFB) module, which employs a bidirectional state-space model and attention mechanisms to fuse multi-scale features; the Edge-Aware Module (EAM), which enhances low-level edge representation using Sobel-based edge extraction; and the Boundary Sensitive Decoder (BSD), which leverages inverse attention and residual convolutional layers to handle cross-level complex boundaries. ÆMMamba achieves state-of-the-art performance across 8 medical segmentation datasets. On polyp segmentation datasets (Kvasir, ClinicDB, ColonDB, EndoScene, ETIS), it records the highest mDice and mIoU scores, outperforming methods like MADGNet and Swin-UMamba, with a standout mDice of 72.22 on ETIS, the most challenging dataset in this domain. For lung and breast segmentation, ÆMMamba surpasses competitors such as H2Former and SwinUnet, achieving Dice scores of 84.24 on BUSI and 79.83 on COVID-19 Lung. And on the LGG brain MRI dataset, ÆMMamba attains an mDice of 87.25 and an mIoU of 79.31, outperforming all compared methods. The source code will be released at https://***/xingbod/eMMamba.

关键词： boundary-sensitive edge-aware feature fusion Medical image segmentation state-space model

Cross-receptive Focused Inference Network for Lightweight image Super-Resolution

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Wenjie Li, Juncheng Gao, Guangwei Deng, Weihong Zhou, Jiantao Yang, Jian Qi, Guo-Jun The Intelligent Visual Information Perception Laboratory Institute of Advanced Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210046 China The Provincial Key Laboratory for Computer Information Processing Technology Soochow University Suzhou215006 China The School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Safety Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China The Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Computer and Information Science Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau 999078 China The School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China The Research Center for Industries of the Future The School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou310024 China OPPO Research SeattleWA98101 United States

Recently, Transformer-based methods have shown impressive performance in single image super-resolution (SISR) tasks due to the ability of global feature extraction. However, the capabilities of Transformers that need to incorporate contextual information to extract features dynamically are neglected. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight Cross-receptive Focused Inference Network (CFIN) that consists of a cascade of CT Blocks mixed with CNN and Transformer. Specifically, in the CT block, we first propose a CNN-based Cross-Scale Information Aggregation Module (CIAM) to enable the model to better focus on potentially helpful information to improve the efficiency of the Transformer phase. Then, we design a novel Cross-receptive Field Guided Transformer (CFGT) to enable the selection of contextual information required for reconstruction by using a modulated convolutional kernel that understands the current semantic information and exploits the information interaction within different self-attention. Extensive experiments have shown that our proposed CFIN can effectively reconstruct images using contextual information, and it can strike a good balance between computational cost and model performance as an efficient model. Source codes will be available at https://***/IVIPLab/CFIN. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

Current Progress and Challenges in Large-scale 3D Mitochondria Instance Segmentation

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TechRxiv

TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Franco-Barranco, Daniel Lin, Zudi Jang, Won-Dong Wang, Xueying Shen, Qijia Yin, Wenjie Fan, Yutian Li, Mingxing Chen, Chang Xiong, Zhiwei Xin, Rui Liu, Hao Chen, Huai Li, Zhili Zhao, Jie Chen, Xuejin Pape, Constantin Conrad, Ryan De Folter, Jozefus Nightingale, Luke Jones, Martin L. Liu, Yanling Ziaei, Dorsa Huschauer, Stephan Arganda-Carreras, Ignacio Pfister, Hanspeter Wei, Donglai The Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country Donostia-San Sebastian Spain San Sebastian Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain Biofisika Institute CSIC UPV/EHU Bilbao Spain Harvard University All-ston MA United States The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging FMRIB Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom University of Science and Technology of China Anhui China The Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China The National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application University of Science and Technology of China Anhui China The Georg-August University Goettingen Germany The Center for Molecular Microscopy Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda United States The Cancer Research Technology Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick United States The Francis Crick Institute London United Kingdom The Advanced Biomedical Computational Science Group Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD United States The Computer Science Department Boston College Chestnut Hill MA United States

In this paper, we present the results of the MitoEM challenge on mitochondria 3D instance segmentation from electron microscopy images, organized in conjunction with the IEEE-ISBI 2021 conference. Our benchmark dataset consists of two large-scale 3D volumes, one from human and one from rat cortex tissue, which are 3,600 times larger than previously used datasets. At the time of paper submission, 257 participants had registered for the challenge, 14 teams had submitted their results, and six teams participated in the challenge workshop. Here, we present eight top-performing approaches from the challenge participants, along with our own baseline strategies. Posterior to the challenge, annotation errors in the ground truth were corrected without altering the final ranking. Additionally, we present a retrospective evaluation of the scoring system which revealed that (1) the challenge metric was permissive with the false positive predictions and (2) the size-based grouping of instances did not correctly categorize mitochondria of interest. Thus, we propose a new scoring system that better reflects the correctness of the segmentation results. Although several of the top methods are compared favorably to our own baselines, substantial errors remain unsolved for mitochondria with challenging morphologies. Thus, the challenge remains open for submission and automatic evaluation, with all volumes available for download. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electron microscopy

EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Are Vulnerable to Backdoor Attacks

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Meng, Lubin Huang, Jian Zeng, Zhigang Jiang, Xue Yu, Shan Jung, Tzyy-Ping Lin, Chin-Teng Chavarriaga, Ricardo Wu, Dongrui Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China La Jolla CA United States Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering Institute of Engineering in Medicine Ucsd La Jolla CA United States Centre of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Australia Zhaw DataLab Zürich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur8401 Switzerland

Research and development of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced rapidly, partly due to deeper understanding of the brain and wide adoption of sophisticated machine learning approaches for decoding the EEG signals. However, recent studies have shown that machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This article proposes to use narrow period pulse for poisoning attack of EEG-based BCIs, which is implementable in practice and has never been considered before. One can create dangerous backdoors in the machine learning model by injecting poisoning samples into the training set. Test samples with the backdoor key will then be classified into the target class specified by the attacker. What most distinguishes our approach from previous ones is that the backdoor key does not need to be synchronized with the EEG trials, making it very easy to implement. The effectiveness and robustness of the backdoor attack approach is demonstrated, highlighting a critical security concern for EEG-based BCIs and calling for urgent attention to address it. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

REFUGE2 CHALLENGE: A TREASURE TROVE FOR MULTI-DIMENSION ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION IN GLAUCOMA SCREENING

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fang, Huihui Li, Fei Wu, Junde Fu, Huazhu Sun, Xu Son, Jaemin Yu, Shuang Zhang, Menglu Yuan, Chenglang Bian, Cheng Lei, Baiying Zhao, Benjian Xu, Xinxing Li, Shaohua Fumero, Francisco Sigut, José Almubarak, Haidar Bazi, Yakoub Guo, Yuanhao Zhou, Yating Baid, Ujjwal Innani, Shubham Guo, Tianjiao Yang, Jie Orlando, José Ignacio Bogunović, Hrvoje Zhang, Xiulan Xu, Yanwu The REFUGE2 Challenge Australia State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangzhou China Intelligent Healthcare Unit Baidu Inc. Beijing China The Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Yatiris Group PLADEMA Institute CONICET UNICEN Tandil Argentina Christian Doppler Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Retina Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria VUNO Inc Seoul Korea Republic of Tencent HealthCare Tencent Shenzhen China Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering of Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University China Xiaohe Healthcare ByteDance Guangdong Guangzhou510000 China School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University China College of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen University China Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Universidad de La Laguna Spain Saudi Electronic University Saudi Arabia King Saud University Saudi Arabia Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology India Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical image processing, deep learning in color fundus photography (CFP) analysis is also evolving. Although there are some open-source, labeled datasets of CFPs in the ophthalmology community, large-scale datasets for screening only have labels of disease categories, and datasets with annotations of fundus structures are usually small in size. In addition, labeling standards are not uniform across datasets, and there is no clear information on the acquisition device. Here we release a multi-annotation, multi-quality, and multi-device color fundus image dataset for glaucoma analysis on an original challenge-Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Challenge 2nd Edition (REFUGE2). The REFUGE2 dataset contains 2000 color fundus images with annotations of glaucoma classification, optic disc/cup segmentation, as well as fovea localization. Meanwhile, the REFUGE2 challenge sets three sub-tasks of automatic glaucoma diagnosis and fundus structure analysis and provides an online evaluation framework. Based on the characteristics of multi-device and multi-quality data, some methods with strong generalizations are provided in the challenge to make the predictions more robust. This shows that REFUGE2 brings attention to the characteristics of real-world multi-domain data, bridging the gap between scientific research and clinical application. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Color

A FAST RADIO BURST DISCOVERED IN FAST DRIFT SCAN SURVEY

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhu, Weiwei Li, Di Luo, Rui Miao, Chenchen Zhang, Bing Spitler, Laura Lorimer, Duncan Kramer, Michael Champion, David Yue, Youling Cameron, Andrew Cruces, Marilyn Duan, Ran Feng, Yi Han, Jun Hobbs, George Niu, Chenhui Niu, Jiarui Pan, Zhichen Qian, Lei Shi, Dai Tang, Ningyu Wang, Pei Wang, Hongfeng Yuan, Mao Zhang, Lei Zhang, Xinxin Cao, Shuyun Feng, Li Gan, Hengqian Gao, Long Gu, Xuedong Guo, Minglei Hao, Qiaoli Huang, Lin Huang, Menglin Jiang, Peng Jin, Chengjin Li, Hui Li, Qi Li, Qisheng Liu, Hongfei Pan, Gaofeng Peng, Bo Qian, Hui Shi, Xiangwei Song, Jinyuo Song, Liqiang Sun, Caihong Sun, Jinghai Wang, Hong Wang, Qiming Wang, Yi Xie, Xiaoyao Yan, Jun Yang, Li Yang, Shimo Yao, Rui Yu, Dongjun Yu, Jinglong Zhang, Chengmin Zhang, Haiyan Zhang, Shuxin Zheng, Xiaonian Zhou, Aiying Zhu, Boqin Zhu, Lichun Zhu, Ming Zhu, Wenbai Zhu, Yan CAS Key Laboratory of FAST NAOC Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science PO Box 76 EppingNSW1710 Australia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas Las VegasNV89154 United States National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100012 China Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie Auf dem Hgel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University P.O. Box 6315 MorgantownWV26506 United States Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology Chestnut Ridge Research Building MorgantownWV26505 United States Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Laboratory School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China School of Information Management Dezhou University Dezhou253023 China Institute for Astronomical Science Dezhou University Dezhou253023 China

We report the discovery of a highly dispersed fast radio burst, FRB 181123, from an analysis of ∼1500 hr of drift-scan survey data taken using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The pulse has three distinct emission components, which vary with frequency across our 1.0–1.5 GHz observing band. We measure the peak flux density to be > 0.065 Jy and the corresponding fluence > 0.2 Jy ms. Based on the observed dispersion measure of 1812 cm−3 pc, we infer a redshift of ∼ 1.9. From this, we estimate the peak luminosity and isotropic energy to be . 2 × 1043 erg s−1 and . 2 × 1040 erg, respectively. With only one FRB from the survey detected so far, our constraints on the event rate are limited. We derive a 95% confidence lower limit for the event rate of 900 FRBs per day for FRBs with fluences > 0.025 Jy ms. We performed follow-up observations of the source with FAST for four hours and have not found a repeated burst. We discuss the implications of this discovery for our understanding of the physical mechanisms of FRBs. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys