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arXiv 2021年

作者： Fiedler, Christian Fornasier, Massimo Klock, Timo Rauchensteiner, Michael Intelligent Control Systems Group Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 3 Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute for Data Science in Mechanical Engineering RWTH-Aachen University Dennewartstraße 27 Aachen50868 Germany Department of Mathematics Bolzmannstraße 3 85748 Garching Germany Department of Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing Simula Research Laboratory Oslo Norway Department of Mathematics University of San Diego California San Diego United States

In this paper we approach the problem of unique and stable identifiability of generic deep artificial neural networks with pyramidal shape and smooth activation functions from a finite number of input-output samples. More specifically we introduce the so-called entangled weights, which compose weights of successive layers intertwined with suitable diagonal and invertible matrices depending on the activation functions and their shifts. We prove that entangled weights are completely and stably approximated by an efficient and robust algorithm as soon as O(D2 × m) nonadaptive input-output samples of the network are collected, where D is the input dimension and m is the number of neurons of the network. Moreover, we empirically observe that the approach applies to networks with up to O(D × mL) neurons, where mL is the number of output neurons at layer L. Provided knowledge of layer assignments of entangled weights and of remaining scaling and shift parameters, which may be further heuristically obtained by least squares, the entangled weights identify the network completely and uniquely. To highlight the relevance of the theoretical result of stable recovery of entangled weights, we present numerical experiments, which demonstrate that multilayered networks with generic weights can be robustly identified and therefore uniformly approximated by the presented algorithmic pipeline. In contrast backpropagation cannot generalize stably very well in this setting, being always limited by relatively large uniform error. In terms of practical impact, our study shows that we can relate input-output information uniquely and stably to network parameters, providing a form of explainability. Moreover, our method paves the way for compression of overparametrized networks and for the training of minimal complexity *** Codes 65D15, 68T07, 90C26 Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Energy-Constrained Computation Offloading in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks using Distributionally Robust Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Yali Ai, Bo Niu, Yong Zhang, Hongliang Han, Zhu The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing211189 China The Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

With the rapid development of connecting massive devices to the Internet, especially for remote areas without cellular network infrastructures, space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) emerge and offload computation-intensive tasks. In this paper, we consider a SAGIN, where multiple low-earthorbit (LEO) satellites providing connections to the cloud server, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and nearby base stations (BSs) providing edge computing services are included. The UAV flies along a fixed trajectory to collect tasks generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and forwards these tasks to a BS or the cloud server for further processing. To facilitate efficient processing, the UAV needs to decide where to offload as well as the proportion of offloaded tasks. However, in practice, due to the variability of environment and actual demand, the amount of arrival tasks is uncertain. If the deterministic optimization is utilized to develop offloading strategy, unnecessary system overhead or higher task drop rate may occur, which severely damages the system robustness. To address this issue, we characterize the uncertainty with a data-driven approach, and formulate a distributionally robust optimization problem to minimize the expected energy-constrained system latency under the worst-case probability distribution. Furthermore, the distributionally robust latency optimization algorithm is proposed to reach the suboptimal solution. Finally, we perform simulations on the realworld data set, and compare with other benchmark schemes to verify the efficiency and robustness of our proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Spatial fuzzy C-means clustering and deep belief network for change detection in synthetic aperture radar images 5

Spatial fuzzy C-means clustering and deep belief network for...

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IET International Radar Conference 2020, IET IRC 2020

作者： Qi, Wenwen Wu, Lin Guo, Zhengwei Huang, Dan College of Computer and Information Engineering Henan University Kaifeng475004 China Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Henan University Kaifeng475004 China Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Application Henan University Kaifeng475004 China College of Environment and Planning Henan University Kaifeng475004 China Department of Laboratory and Equipment Management Henan University Kaifeng475004 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781839535635

In this study, spatial fuzzy c-means (SFCM) clustering and deep belief network (DBN) method is presented for change detection in SAR images. There are three primary steps of this approach, they are given as follows: 1) Difference Image (DI) is firstly obtained by calculating the similarity of gray levels between multitemporal SAR images. 2) SFCM clustering is used to analyze DI, which combines the spatial information factor and the fuzzy cluster membership function, thus can effectively eliminate the interference of speckle noise. 3) DBN, a powerful data processing methodology that integrates deep learning techniques to extract underlying features and structures of complicated data, is trained to classify pixels to be changed or unchanged. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by experimental results with the Ottawa dataset. © 2020 Institution of engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Membership functions

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DRAC: Diabetic Retinopathy analysis Challenge with Ultra-Wide Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Qian, Bo Chen, Hao Wang, Xiangning Che, Haoxuan Kwon, Gitaek Kim, Jaeyoung Choi, Sungjin Shin, Seoyoung Krause, Felix Unterdechler, Markus Hou, Junlin Feng, Rui Li, Yihao Daho, Mostafa El Habib Wu, Qiang Zhang, Ping Yang, Xiaokang Cai, Yiyu Li, Huating Jia, Weiping Sheng, Bin Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China VUNO Inc. Seoul Korea Republic of AI/DX Convergence Business Group KT Korea Republic of Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria School of Computer Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Fudan University China Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University China LaTIM UMR 1101 Inserm Brest France University of Western Brittany Brest France Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University Ohio United States Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State University Ohio United States Translational Data Analytics Institute The Ohio State University Ohio United States MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China Shanghai Diabetes Institute Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes Shanghai China

computer-assisted automatic analysis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is of great importance in reducing the risks of vision loss and even blindness. Ultra-wide optical coherence tomography angiography (UW-OCTA) is a non-invasive and safe imaging modality in DR diagnosis system, but there is a lack of publicly available benchmarks for model development and evaluation. To promote further research and scientific benchmarking for diabetic retinopathy analysis using UW-OCTA images, we organized a challenge named "DRAC - Diabetic Retinopathy analysis Challenge" in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2022). The challenge consists of three tasks: segmentation of DR lesions, image quality assessment and DR grading. The scientific community responded positively to the challenge, with 11, 12, and 13 teams from geographically diverse institutes submitting different solutions in these three tasks, respectively. This paper presents a summary and analysis of the top-performing solutions and results for each task of the challenge. The obtained results from top algorithms indicate the importance of data augmentation, model architecture and ensemble of networks in improving the performance of deep learning models. These findings have the potential to enable new developments in diabetic retinopathy analysis. The challenge remains open for post-challenge registrations and submissions for benchmarking future methodology developments. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical tomography

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A Reliable Method to Estimate the Bispectral Index Value Using a Single Frontal EEG Channel for Intra and Inter Subject Variability

A Reliable Method to Estimate the Bispectral Index Value Usi...

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IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurement and Applications (MEMEA)

作者： Mohammad Shahbakhti Matin Beiramvand Roza Krycinska Erfan Nasiri Wei Chen Jordi Solé-Casals Michal Wierzchon Anna Broniec-Wójcik Piotr Augustyniak Vaidotas Marozas Biomedical Engineering Institute Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Tampere University Tempere Finland Doctoral School in Medical and Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland Department of Interdisciplinary Intensive Care Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum Krakow Poland Faculty of Statistics Mathematics and Computer Allameh Tabataba’i University Tehran Iran Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai China Data and Signal Processing Research Group University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia Vic Spain Institute of Psychology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

Objective: Monitoring the depth of anesthesia (DoA) plays an important role for administering the drug injection during a surgery, i.e., preventing undesired awareness and inordinate anesthetic depth. Although the bispectral index (BIS) monitor is the golden standard system for the DoA monitoring, it is still not affordable for the developing countries. Alternatively, a low-cost electroencephalogram (EEG) headband can be used. The objective of this paper is to present a new algorithm for estimating the BIS values using a single frontal EEG channel. Method: In the first step, the EEG signal is filtered for the elimination of artifacts and is split into its sub-bands. In the second step, several linear and nonlinear features are extracted from each sub-band and fed to a random forest regression model in order to estimate the BIS. The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed using EEG data recorded from twenty-four subjects during the general anesthesia and is validated in terms of correlation coefficient (CC) and absolute error (AE) between the reference and estimated BIS values. Results: The proposed algorithm achieved the mean CC of 0.83 and AE of 6.5 for intra subject variability and mean CC of 0.87 and AE of 5.5 for inter subject variability. Significance: Given the similar results for both intra and inter subject variability, the proposed algorithm has the potential to be used in the real-world scenario.

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XCloud-pFISTA: A Medical Intelligence Cloud for Accelerated MRI

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhou, Yirong Qian, Chen Guo, Yi Wang, Zi Wang, Jian Qu, Biao Guo, Di You, Yongfu Qu, Xiaobo Biomedical Intelligent Cloud R&D Center Department of Electronic Science National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China China Mobile Group Xiamen361005 China Biomedical Intelligent Cloud R&D Center School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China

— Machine learning and artificial intelligence have shown remarkable performance in accelerated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cloud computing technologies have great advantages in building an easily accessible platform to deploy advanced algorithms. In this work, we develop an open-access, easy-to-use and high-performance medical intelligence cloud computing platform (XCloud-pFISTA) to reconstruct MRI images from undersampled k-space data. Two state-of-the-art approaches of the Projected Fast Iterative Soft-Thresholding Algorithm (pFISTA) family have been successfully implemented on the cloud. This work can be considered as a good example of cloud-based medical image reconstruction and may benefit the future development of integrated reconstruction and online diagnosis system. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Learning with group Noise

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Qizhou Yao, Jiangchao Gong, Chen Liu, Tongliang Gong, Mingming Yang, Hongxia Han, Bo Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of MoE School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China Data Analytics and Intelligence Lab Alibaba Group China Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Trustworthy Machine Learning Lab School of Computer Science University of Sydney Australia School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Australia

Machine learning in the context of noise is a challenging but practical setting to plenty of real-world applications. Most of the previous approaches in this area focus on the pairwise relation (casual or correlational relationship) with noise, such as learning with noisy labels. However, the group noise, which is parasitic on the coarse-grained accurate relation with the fine-grained uncertainty, is also universal and has not been well investigated. The challenge under this setting is how to discover true pairwise connections concealed by the group relation with its fine-grained noise. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel Max-Matching method for learning with group noise. Specifically, it utilizes a matching mechanism to evaluate the relation confidence of each object (cf. Figure 1) w.r.t. the target, meanwhile considering the Non-IID characteristics among objects in the group. Only the most confident object is considered to learn the model, so that the fine-grained noise is mostly dropped. The performance on a range of real-world datasets in the area of several learning paradigms demonstrates the effectiveness of Max-Matching. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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The Importance of Gender Specification for Detection of Driver Fatigue using a Single EEG Channel

The Importance of Gender Specification for Detection of Driv...

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Biomedical engineering International Conference (BMEiCON)

作者： Mohammad Shahbakhti Matin Beiramvand Erfan Nasiri Wei Chen Jordi Solé-Casals Michal Wierzchon Anna Broniec-Wójcik Piotr Augustyniak Vaidotas Marozas Biomedical Engineering Institute Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Tampere University Tempere Finland Faculty of Statistics Mathematics and Computer Allameh Tabataba’i University Tehran Iran Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics School of Information Science and Technology the Human Phenome Institute Fudan University Shanghai China Data and Signal Processing Research Group University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia Vic Spain Institute of Psychology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489041

Although detection of the driver fatigue using a single electroencephalography (EEG) channel has been addressed in literature, the gender differentiation for applicability of the model has not been investigated heretofore. Motivated accordingly, we address the detection of driver fatigue based the gender-segregated datasets, where each of them contains 8 subjects. After splitting the EEG signal into its sub-bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) using discrete wavelet transform, the log energy entropy of each band is computed to form the feature vector. Afterwards, the feature vector is randomly split into 50% for training and 50% for the unseen testing, and fed to a support vector machine model. When comparing the classification results of fatigue driving detection between the gender segregated and non-gender segregated datasets, the former achieved the accuracy 78% and 77% for male and female subjects, respectively, than the latter (71%). The obtained results show the importance of gender-specification for the driver fatigue detection.

关键词： Training Support vector machines Computational modeling Transforms Fatigue Brain modeling Electroencephalography

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Edge computing-enabled energy efficiency prediction of immersion cooling system for supercomputing centers

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

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Cleaner engineering and Technology 2025年 27卷

作者： Shuaiyin Ma Yichun Cao Yang Liu School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an 710121 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an 710121 China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Xi'an 710121 China Shaanxi Union Research Centre of University and Enterprise for 5G+ Industrial Internet Communication Terminal Technology Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an 710121 China Department of Management and Engineering Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden Industrial Engineering and Management University of Oulu 90570 Oulu Finland

Within the context of cleaner production, enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability has emerged as a central focus in supercomputing center development. To address the challenges in predicting energy consumption, this study proposes an architecture of edge computing-enabled energy efficiency prediction of immersion cooling system for supercomputing centers. This architecture combines time-series generative adversarial network (TimeGAN) for data augmentation with the neural basis expansion analysis for time series (N-BEATS) for prediction, providing a robust solution for accurate energy consumption prediction. TimeGAN enhances the training dataset by generating high-quality synthetic time-series data, effectively mitigating issues of data sparsity and imbalance. N-BEATS, with its modular architecture and strong adaptability to temporal data, ensures precise predictions by capturing both global trends and local variations in energy usage. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, exhibiting superior performance across key metrics when compared to traditional models. Specifically, the RMSE of TimeGAN-N-BEATS reduced by more than 8 %, the MSE decreased by over 18 %, and the R 2 reached 97.31 %, outperforming baseline models such as long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit, and their attention-enhanced variants. This study highlights the potential of integrating generative and predictive models to optimize energy efficiency in liquid cooling systems, offering valuable insights for sustainable supercomputing operations.

关键词： Edge computing Liquid cooling system N-BEATS Supercomputing centers TimeGAN

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NAS-Count: Counting-by-Density with Neural Architecture Search 16th

NAS-Count: Counting-by-Density with Neural Architecture Sear...

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16th European Conference on computer Vision, ECCV 2020

作者： Hu, Yutao Jiang, Xiaolong Liu, Xuhui Zhang, Baochang Han, Jungong Cao, Xianbin Doermann, David School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Near Space Information Systems Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Beijing China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Beijing China YouKu Cognitive and Intelligent Lab Alibaba Group Hangzhou China Beihang University Beijing China Computer Science Department Aberystwyth University AberystwythSY23 3FL United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo New York United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030585419

Most of the recent advances in crowd counting have evolved from hand-designed density estimation networks, where multi-scale features are leveraged to address the scale variation problem, but at the expense of demanding design efforts. In this work, we automate the design of counting models with Neural Architecture Search (NAS) and introduce an end-to-end searched encoder-decoder architecture, Automatic Multi-Scale Network (AMSNet). Specifically, we utilize a counting-specific two-level search space. The encoder and decoder in AMSNet are composed of different cells discovered from micro-level search, while the multi-path architecture is explored through macro-level search. To solve the pixel-level isolation issue in MSE loss, AMSNet is optimized with an auto-searched Scale Pyramid Pooling Loss (SPPLoss) that supervises the multi-scale structural information. Extensive experiments on four datasets show AMSNet produces state-of-the-art results that outperform hand-designed models, fully demonstrating the efficacy of NAS-Count. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Decoding

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