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Local Partial Zero-Forcing Combining for Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Jiayi Zhang, Jing Björnson, Emil Ai, Bo The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University Linköping Sweden The Department of Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Kista Sweden The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) provides more uniform spectral efficiency (SE) for users (UEs) than cellular technology. The main challenge to achieve the benefits of cell-free massive MIMO is to realize signal processing in a scalable way. In this paper, we consider scalable full-pilot zero-forcing (FZF), partial FZF (PFZF), protective weak PFZF (PWPFZF), and local regularized ZF (LRZF) combining by exploiting channel statistics. We derive closed-form expressions of the uplink SE for FZF, PFZF, and PWPFZF combining with large-scale fading decoding over independent Rayleigh fading channels, taking channel estimation errors and pilot contamination into account. Moreover, we investigate the impact of the number of pilot sequences, antennas per AP, and APs on the performance. Numerical results show that LRZF provides the highest SE. However, PWPFZF is preferable when the number of pilot sequences is large and the number of antennas per AP is small. The reason is that PWPFZF has lower computational complexity and the SE expression can be computed in closed-form. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of PWPFZF combining with fractional power control and the numerical results show that it improves the performance of weak UEs and realizes uniformly good service for all UEs in a scalable fashion. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Power control

Ethical Aspects of Computational Modelling in Science, Decision Support and Communication 15th

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Ethical Aspects of Computational Modelling in Science, Decis...

15th International Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation, WIVACE 2021

作者： Füchslin, Rudolf Marcel Ambühl, Jacques Faggian, Alessia Fellermann, Harold M. Flumini, Dandolo Geller, Armando Hanczyc, Martin M. Klinkert, Andreas Krütli, Pius Matuttis, Hans-Georg Ott, Thomas Scheidegger, Stephan Schmid, Gary Bruno Smieszek, Timo Schneider, Johannes J. Steiner, Albert Weyland, Mathias S. Institute of Applied Mathematics and Physics Zurich University of Applied Sciences Zurich Technikumstrasse 9 Winterthur8400 Switzerland European Centre for Living Technology Ca’ Bottacin Dorsoduro 3911 Calle Crosera Venice30123 Italy World Bank Group Geneva Switzerland University of Trento Trento38123 Italy School of Computing Newcastle University Science Square 1 Newcastle Upon TyneNE4 5TG United Kingdom GmbH Fraumünsterstrasse 11 Zurich8001 Switzerland Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Rosenstrasse 3 Winterthur8400 Switzerland Transdisciplinarity Lab ETH Zurich Zurich8092 Switzerland Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems The University of Electrocommunications Tokyo182-8585 Japan Institute of Computational Life Sciences Zurich University of Applied Sciences Schloss 1 Wädenswil8820 Switzerland Swiss NeuroCreations GmbH Hambergersteig 25 Zurich8008 Switzerland Muesmattweg 70 Allschwil4123 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031239281

The development of data science, the increase of computational power, the availability of the internet infrastructure for data exchange and the urgency for an understanding of complex systems require a responsible and ethical use of computational models in science, communication and decision-making. Starting with a discussion of the width of different purposes of computational models, we first investigate the process of model construction as an interplay of theory and experimentation. We emphasise the different aspects of the tension between model variables and experimentally measurable observables. The resolution of this tension is a prerequisite for the responsible use of models and an instrumental part of using models in the scientific processes. We then discuss the impact of models and the responsibility that results from the fact that models support and may also guide experimentation. Further, we investigate the difference between computational modelling in an interdisciplinary science project and computational models as tools in transdisciplinary decision support. We regard the communication of model structures and modelling results as essential;however, this communication cannot happen in a technical manner, but model structures and modelling results must be translated into a "narrative." We discuss the role of concepts from disciplines such as literary theory, communication science, and cultural studies and the potential gains that a broader approach can obtain. Considering concepts from the liberal arts, we conclude that there is, besides the responsibility of the model author, also a responsibility of the user/reader of the modelling results. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Decision making

Anomaly detection on attributed networks via contrastive self-supervised learning

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liu, Yixin Li, Zhao Pan, Shirui Gong, Chen Zhou, Chuan Karypis, George The Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of Information Technology Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia The Alibaba Group Hangzhou310000 China The PCA Laboratory Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China The Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong The Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100093 China The Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States

Anomaly detection on attributed networks attracts considerable research interests due to wide applications of attributed networks in modeling a wide range of complex systems. Recently, the deep learning-based anomaly detection methods have shown promising results over shallow approaches, especially on networks with high-dimensional attributes and complex structures. However, existing approaches, which employ graph autoencoder as their backbone, do not fully exploit the rich information of the network, resulting in suboptimal performance. Furthermore, these methods do not directly target anomaly detection in their learning objective and fail to scale to large networks due to the full graph training mechanism. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we present a novel Contrastive self-supervised Learning framework for Anomaly detection on attributed networks (CoLA for abbreviation). Our framework fully exploits the local information from network data by sampling a novel type of contrastive instance pair, which can capture the relationship between each node and its neighboring substructure in an unsupervised way. Meanwhile, a well-designed graph neural network-based contrastive learning model is proposed to learn informative embedding from high-dimensional attributes and local structure and measure the agreement of each instance pairs with its outputted scores. The multi-round predicted scores by the contrastive learning model are further used to evaluate the abnormality of each node with statistical estimation. In this way, the learning model is trained by a specific anomaly detection-aware target. Furthermore, since the input of the graph neural network module is batches of instance pairs instead of the full network, our framework can adapt to large networks flexibly. Experimental results show that our proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods on all seven benchmark datasets. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Anomaly detection

MONAI: An open-source framework for deep learning in healthcare

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cardoso, M. Jorge Li, Wenqi Brown, Richard Ma, Nic Kerfoot, Eric Wang, Yiheng Murrey, Benjamin Myronenko, Andriy Zhao, Can Yang, Dong Nath, Vishwesh He, Yufan Xu, Ziyue Hatamizadeh, Ali Zhu, Wentao Liu, Yun Zheng, Mingxin Tang, Yucheng Yang, Isaac Zephyr, Michael Hashemian, Behrooz Alle, Sachidanand Darestani, Mohammad Zalbagi Budd, Charlie Modat, Marc Vercauteren, Tom Wang, Guotai Li, Yiwen Hu, Yipeng Fu, Yunguan Gorman, Benjamin Johnson, Hans Genereaux, Brad Erdal, Barbaros S. Gupta, Vikash Diaz-Pinto, Andres Dourson, Andre Maier-Hein, Lena Jaeger, Paul F. Baumgartner, Michael Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Flores, Mona Kirby, Justin Cooper, Lee A.D. Roth, Holger R. Xu, Daguang Bericat, David Floca, Ralf Zhou, S. Kevin Shuaib, Haris Farahani, Keyvan Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Aylward, Stephen Dogra, Prerna Ourselin, Sebastien Feng, Andrew School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom NVIDIA Corporation Santa Clara and Bethesda United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston United States Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London United Kingdom Department of BioAI InstaDeep Ltd London United Kingdom Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City United States Mayo Clinic Jacksonville United States Mars Incorporated United States Div. Intelligent Medical Systems German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany School of Biomedical Engineering Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou China Department of Medical Physics Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom National Cancer Institute Bethesda United States Kitware Inc. Clifton Park United States Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado Aurora United States Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick United States Department of Pathology Northwestern University Chicago United States

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a tremendous impact across most areas of science. Applications of AI in healthcare have the potential to improve our ability to detect, diagnose, prognose, and intervene on human disease. For AI models to be used clinically, they need to be made safe, reproducible and robust, and the underlying software framework must be aware of the particularities (e.g. geometry, physiology, physics) of medical data being processed. This work introduces MONAI, a freely available, community-supported, and consortium-led PyTorch-based framework for deep learning in healthcare. MONAI extends PyTorch to support medical data, with a particular focus on imaging, and provide purpose-specific AI model architectures, transformations and utilities that streamline the development and deployment of medical AI models. MONAI follows best practices for software-development, providing an easy-to-use, robust, well-documented, and well-tested software framework. MONAI preserves the simple, additive, and compositional approach of its underlying PyTorch libraries. MONAI is being used by and receiving contributions from research, clinical and industrial teams from around the world, who are pursuing applications spanning nearly every aspect of healthcare. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Clinical research

Confidence intervals uncovered: Are we ready for real-world medical imaging AI?

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Christodoulou, Evangelia Reinke, Annika Houhou, Rola Kalinowski, Piotr Erkan, Selen Sudre, Carole H. Burgos, Ninon Boutaj, Sofiène Loizillon, Sophie Solal, Maëlys Rieke, Nicola Cheplygina, Veronika Antonelli, Michela Mayer, Leon D. Tizabi, Minu D. Jorge Cardoso, M. Simpson, Amber Jäger, Paul F. Kopp-Schneider, Annette Varoquaux, Gaël Colliot, Olivier Maier-Hein, Lena Heidelberg Div. Intelligent Medical Systems Germany AI Health Innovation Cluster Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ Heidelberg University Hospital Germany DKFZ Heidelberg Helmholtz Imaging Germany HIDSS4Health - Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health Germany DKFZ Heidelberg Interactive Machine Learning Group Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London United Kingdom Sorbonne Université Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM CNRS Inria Inserm AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière France NVIDIA Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Denmark Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London United Kingdom School of Computing Queen’s University Canada Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen’s University Canada Division of Biostatistics DKFZ Germany Parietal project team INRIA Saclay-Île de France France Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Germany

Medical imaging is spearheading the AI transformation of healthcare. Performance reporting is key to determine which methods should be translated into clinical practice. Frequently, broad conclusions are simply derived from mean performance values. In this paper, we argue that this common practice is often a misleading simplification as it ignores performance variability. Our contribution is threefold. (1) Analyzing all MICCAI segmentation papers (n = 221) published in 2023, we first observe that more than 50% of papers do not assess performance variability at all. Moreover, only one (0.5%) paper reported confidence intervals (CIs) for model performance. (2) To address the reporting bottleneck, we show that the unreported standard deviation (SD) in segmentation papers can be approximated by a second-order polynomial function of the mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Based on external validation data from 56 previous MICCAI challenges, we demonstrate that this approximation can accurately reconstruct the CI of a method using information provided in publications. (3) Finally, we reconstructed 95% CIs around the mean DSC of MICCAI 2023 segmentation papers. The median CI width was 0.03 which is three times larger than the median performance gap between the first and second ranked method. For more than 60% of papers, the mean performance of the second-ranked method was within the CI of the first-ranked method. We conclude that current publications typically do not provide sufficient evidence to support which models could potentially be translated into clinical practice. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Medical imaging

ACE1rs1799752Polymorphism Is not Associated With the Presence of Post-COVID-19 Condition

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Journal of Medical Virology 2025年第6期97卷

作者： César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Lars Arendt-Nielsen Antonio Gil-Crujera Stella M. Gómez-Sánchez Silvia Ambite-Quesada Maria A. Palomar-Gallego Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero Rocco Giordano Gema Díaz-Gil Department of Physical Therapy Occupational Therapy Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) Madrid Spain Department of Health Science and Technology Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP) SMI School of Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Department of Medical Gastroenterology Mech-Sense Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark Clinical Institute Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark Department of Basic Health Sciences Research group GAMDES Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) Madrid Spain Department of Electronic Engineering Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory ETSE (Engineering School) Universitat de València (UV) Valencia Spain

Edge-cloud cooperation driven surface roughness classification method for selective laser melting

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Advanced engineering Informatics 2025年 66卷

作者： Ma, Shuaiyin Huang, Yuming Liu, Yang Yan, Zhiqiang Lv, Jingxiang Cai, Wei School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an710121 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an710121 China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Xi'an710121 China Shaanxi Union Research Centre of University and Enterprise for 5G+ Industrial Internet Communication Terminal Technology Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an710121 China Department of Management and Engineering Linköping University LinköpingSE-581 83 Sweden Industrial Engineering and Management University of Oulu Oulu90570 Finland Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment of MOE Chang'an University Xi'an710064 China College of Engineering and Technology Southwest University Chongqing400715 China

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is extensively utilized in aerospace and industrial manufacturing. However, parts built using AM are susceptible to spheroidization, porosity, cracks, and poor surface quality, making it difficult to establish an actionable product quality degree. Hence, developing a reasonable method to equate product quality with a new degree and further analyzing the product quality based on these standards has proven effective for enhancing part quality in AM. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a surface roughness classification method that utilizes surface roughness analysis and sample enhancement. This method leverages edge cloud cooperation to efficiently analyze and integrate data from different sensors, enabling real-time monitoring and adjustment of the manufacturing process. Subsequently, the quality degree analysis system was developed utilizing matter-element extension cloud model. Furthermore, a bidirectional-gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) based model for quality classification and recognition has been established, with Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) employed for sample enhancement to address the issue of imbalanced column classification and to enhance the accuracy of both classification and recognition. Finally, the results obtained from this case study demonstrate through comparative experiments that the proposed method for classifying surface roughness can accurately identify 98% of prepared samples. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Inspection

Gradient Amplification: An efficient way to train deep neural networks

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Basodi, Sunitha Ji, Chunyan Zhang, Haiping Pan, Yi Department of Computer Science Georgia State University AtlantaGA30302 United States Center for High Performance Computing Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences ShenzhenGuangdong518 055 China

Improving performance of deep learning models and reducing their training times are ongoing challenges in deep neural networks. There are several approaches proposed to address these challenges one of which is to increase the depth of the neural networks. Such deeper networks not only increase training times, but also suffer from vanishing gradients problem while training. In this work, we propose gradient amplification approach for training deep learning models to prevent vanishing gradients and also develop a training strategy to enable or disable gradient amplification method across several epochs with different learning rates. We perform experiments on VGG-19 and resnet (Resnet-18 and Resnet-34) models, and study the impact of amplification parameters on these models in detail. Our proposed approach improves performance of these deep learning models even at higher learning rates, thereby allowing these models to achieve higher performance with reduced training time. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Backpropagation

Deep learning for depression recognition with audiovisual cues: A review

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arXiv 2021年

作者： He, Lang Niu, Mingyue Tiwari, Prayag Marttinen, Pekka Su, Rui Jiang, Jiewei Guo, Chenguang Wang, Hongyu Ding, Songtao Wang, Zhongmin Pan, Xiaoying Dang, Wei School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Shaanxi Xi'an710121 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Shaanxi Xi'an710121 China Beijing100190 China Beijing100049 China Department of Computer Science Aalto University Espoo Finland School of Foreign Languages Northwest University Shaanxi Xi'an China School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi'an China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi Xi'an China Shaanxi Mental Health Center Shaanxi Xi'an710061 China

With the acceleration of the pace of work and life, people have to face more and more pressure, which increases the possibility of suffering from depression. However, many patients may fail to get a timely diagnosis due to the serious imbalance in the doctor-patient ratio in the world. Promisingly, physiological and psychological studies have indicated some differences in speech and facial expression between patients with depression and healthy individuals. Consequently, to improve current medical care, many scholars have used deep learning to extract a representation of depression cues in audio and video for automatic depression detection. To sort out and summarize these works, this review introduces the databases and describes objective markers for automatic depression estimation (ADE). Furthermore, we review the deep learning methods for automatic depression detection to extract the representation of depression from audio and video. Finally, this paper discusses challenges and promising directions related to automatic diagnosing of depression using deep learning technologies. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Diagnosis