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Enhanced wave localization in multifractal scattering media

Physical Review B 2023年第5期107卷 054201-054201页

作者： Y. Chen F. Sgrignuoli Y. Zhu T. Shubitidze L. Dal Negro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Photonics Center Boston University 8 Saint Mary's Street Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems National Research Council Via Pietro Castellino Naples 80131 Italy Division of Materials Science & Engineering Boston University 15 Saint Mary's St. Brookline Massachusetts 02446 USA Department of Physics Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA

In this paper, we study the structural, scattering, and wave localization properties of multifractal arrays of electric point dipoles generated from multiplicative random fields with different spectra of fractal dimensions. Specifically, using the rigorous Green's matrix method, we investigate the scattering resonances and wave localization behavior of systems with N=104 dipoles and demonstrate an enhanced localization behavior in highly inhomogeneous multifractal structures compared to homogeneous fractals, or monofractals. We show distinctive spectral properties, such as the absence of level repulsion in the strong multiple scattering regime and power-law statistics of level spacings, which indicate a clear localization transition enhanced in nonhomogeneous multifractals. Our findings unveil the importance of multifractal structural correlations in the multiple scattering regime of electric dipole arrays and provide an efficient model for the design of multiscale nanophotonic systems with enhanced light-matter coupling and localization phenomena beyond what is possible with traditional fractal systems.

关键词： Anderson localization Classical optics Metamaterials Scattering theory

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Microengineered platforms for characterizing the contractile function of in vitro cardiac models

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 29-50页

作者： Wenkun Dou Manpreet Malhi Qili Zhao Li Wang Zongjie Huang Junhui Law Na Liu Craig A.Simmons Jason T.Maynes Yu Sun Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada Program in Molecular Medicine The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada Department of Biochemistry University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A8Canada Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353China School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G9Canada Translational Biology&Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchTorontoON M5G 1M1Canada Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A8Canada Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G4Canada Department of Computer Science University of TorontoTorontoON M5T 3A1Canada

Emerging heart-on-a-chip platforms are promising approaches to establish cardiac cell/tissue models in vitro for research on cardiac physiology,disease modeling and drug cardiotoxicity as well as for therapeutic *** still exist in obtaining the complete capability of in situ sensing to fully evaluate the complex functional properties of cardiac cell/tissue *** to contractile strength(contractility)and beating regularity(rhythm)are particularly important to generate accurate,predictive *** new platforms and technologies to assess the contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models is essential to provide information on cell/tissue physiologies,drug-induced inotropic responses,and the mechanisms of cardiac *** this review,we discuss recent advances in biosensing platforms for the measurement of contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models,including single cardiomyocytes,2D monolayers of cardiomyocytes,and 3D cardiac *** characteristics and performance of current platforms are reviewed in terms of sensing principles,measured parameters,performance,cell sources,cell/tissue model configurations,advantages,and *** addition,we highlight applications of these platforms and relevant discoveries in fundamental investigations,drug testing,and disease ***,challenges and future outlooks of heart-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro measurement of cardiac functional properties are discussed.

关键词： cardiac contractile regularity

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Enhanced electroencephalography effective connectivity in frontal low-gamma band correlates of emotional regulation after mindfulness training

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Journal of Neuroscience research 2023年第6期101卷 901-915页

作者： Ng, Hei-Yin Hydra Wu, Changwei W. Huang, Feng-Ying Huang, Chih-Mao Hsu, Chia-Fen Chao, Yi-Ping Jung, Tzyy-Ping Chuang, Chun-Hsiang Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences College of Education National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Information Systems and Applications College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling College of Education National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Institute of Mind Brain and Consciousness Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Brain and Consciousness Research Center Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital New Taipei Taiwan Department of Education National Taipei University of Education Taipei Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Child Psychiatry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan Institute for Neural Computation and Institute of Engineering in Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States

Practicing mindfulness, focusing attention on the internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment with open and nonjudgement stance, can lead to the development of emotional regulation skills. Yet, the effective connectivity of brain regions during mindfulness has been largely unexplored. Studies have shown that mindfulness practice promotes functional connectivity in practitioners, potentially due to improved emotional regulation abilities and increased connectivity in the lateral prefrontal areas. To examine the changes in effective connectivity due to mindfulness training, we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) signals taken before and after mindfulness training, focusing on training-related effective connectivity changes in the frontal area. The mindfulness training group participated in an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program. The control group did not take part. Regardless of the specific mindfulness practice used, low-gamma band effective connectivity increased globally after the mindfulness training. High-beta band effective connectivity increased globally only during Breathing. Moreover, relatively higher outgoing effective connectivity strength was seen during Resting and Breathing and Body-scan. By analyzing the changes in outgoing and incoming connectivity edges, both F7 and F8 exhibited strong parietal connectivity during Resting and Breathing. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the changes in effective connectivity of the right lateral prefrontal area predicted mindfulness and emotional regulation abilities. These results partially support the theory that the lateral prefrontal areas have top-down modulatory control, as these areas have high outflow effective connectivity, implying that mindfulness training cultivates better emotional regulation. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： direct directed transfer function effective connectivity emotional regulation MBSR mindfulness

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A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator designed for scavenging biomechanical energy in human balance control

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Nano research 2021年第11期14卷 4227-4235页

作者： Long Liu Qiongfeng Shi Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS National University of SingaporeBlock E6#05-115 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117608Singapore NUS Suzhou Research Institute(NUSRI) Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123China NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme(ISEP) National University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore

For human beings of different ages and physical abilities, the inherent balance control system is ubiquitous and active to prevent falling, especially in motion states. A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator (HETNG) is prepared to harvest biomechanical energy during human balance control processes and achieve significant monitoring functions. The HETNG is composed of a symmetrical pendulum structure and a cylinder magnet rolling inside. Four coils are divided into two groups which form into two electromagnetic generators (EMGs). Besides, two spatial electrodes attached to the inner wall constitute a freestanding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). With a rectification circuit, the HETNG presents a high output power with a peak value of 0.55 W at a load of 160 Ω. Along with human balance control processes during walking, the HETNG can harvest biomechanical energy at different positions on the trunk. Moreover, the HETNG applied in artificial limb has been preliminarily simulated with the positions on thigh and foot, for monitoring the actions of squat and stand up, and lifting the leg up and down. For the elder that walks slowly with a walking aid, the HETNG equipped on the walking aid can help to record the motions of forwarding and unexpected falling, which is useful for calling for help. This work shows the potential of biomechanical energy-driven HETNG for powering portable electronics and monitoring human motions, also shows significant concerns to people lacked action capability or disabled.

关键词： hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator human balance control internet of things artificial limb

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intelligent Reflecting Vehicle Surface: A Novel IRS Paradigm for Moving Vehicular Networks

Intelligent Reflecting Vehicle Surface: A Novel IRS Paradigm...

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MILCOM, Military Communications Conference

作者： Wei Jiang Hans D. Schotten Intelligent Networking Research Group German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Kaiserslautern Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technische Universität (TU) Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently received much attention from the research community due to its potential to achieve high spectral and power efficiency cost-effectively. In addition to traditional cellular networks, the use of IRS in vehicular networks is also considered. Prior works on IRS-aided vehicle-to-everything communications focus on deploying reflection surfaces on the facades of buildings along the road for sidelink performance enhancement. This paper goes beyond the state of the art by presenting a novel paradigm coined intelligent Reflecting Vehicle Surface (IRVS). It embeds a massive number of reflection elements on vehicles' surfaces to aid moving vehicular networks in military and emergency communications. We propose an alternative optimization method to optimize jointly active beamforming at the base station and passive reflection across multiple randomly-distributed vehicle surfaces. Performance evaluation in terms of sum spectral efficiency under continuous, discrete, and random phase shifts is conducted. Numerical results reveal that IRVS can substantially improve the capacity of a moving vehicular network.

关键词： Military communication Performance evaluation Base stations Time division multiple access Spectral efficiency Array signal processing Roads

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Motor Imagery and Mental Arithmetic Classification Based on Transformer Deep Learning Network

Motor Imagery and Mental Arithmetic Classification Based on ...

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IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation

作者： Yuanyuan Ye Jigang Tong Sen Yang Yinghui Chang Shengzhi Du Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory & Applications in Complicated Systems and Intelligent Robot Laboratory Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion Tianjin China Department of Electrical Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

ISBN: (数字)9798350388077

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388084

Non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) signals find widespread application in brain-computer interfaces (BCI), with paradigms such as motor imagery (MI), mental arithmetic (MA) and emotion recognition being particularly common. This study aims to explore feature extraction and classification methods for MI and MA tasks. We employed convolutional neural networks (CNN) combined with Transformer networks and Fasternet Block to extract features. Through our reaearch, we obtained features for MI and MA tasks, and used softmax classification for binary classification of these tasks. We conducted on a publicly available dataset consisting of data from 29 subjects. The experimental results demonstrate that our method achieved high classification accuracy in MI and MA tasks. The final accuracy rates for MI and MA tasks were 88.67% and 91.23%, respectively.

关键词： Accuracy Mechatronics Feature extraction Brain modeling Transformers Motors Electroencephalography

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The Role of the Essential Manifold in Data Mining – An Introductory Approach 23rd

The Role of the Essential Manifold in Data Mining – An I...

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23rd International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2023

作者： de Fátima Pina, Maria Andrade, Marina Alexandra ISCTE - IUL University Institute of Lisbon Av. das Forças Armadas Lisbon1649-026 Portugal ISLA - Santarém Superior Institute of Management and Administration of Santarém Rua Teixeira Guedes 31 Santarém2000-029 Portugal ISR - UC Institute of Systems and Robotics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Coimbra Rua Silvio Lima - Pólo II Coimbra3030-290 Portugal ISTAR - IUL Information Sciences and Technologies and Architecture Research Center University Institute of Lisbon Av. das Forças Armadas Lisbon1649-026 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031371288

Interpolating data and the application of data mining techniques in nonlinear manifolds plays a significant role in different areas of knowledge, ranging from computer vision and robotics, to industrial and medical requests, and these growing number of applications have sparked the research interest of the scientific community to these topics. The Generalized Essential manifold, briefly, Essential manifold, consisting of the product of the Grassmann manifold of all k-dimensional subspaces of Rn and the Lie group of rotations in Rn, for instance, plays an important role in the problem of recovering the structure and motion from a sequence of images, also known as stereo matching, which is a crucial problem in image processing and computer vision. A well-known recursive procedure to generate interpolating polynomial curves in Euclidean spaces is the classical De Casteljau algorithm, which is a simple and powerful tool widely used in the field of computer Aided Geometric Design, particularly because it is essentially geometrically based. This algorithm has been generalized to geodesically complete Riemannian manifolds. Thus, having this in mind, in this work we present all the ingredients for a detailed implementation of the generalized De Casteljau algorithm to generate geometric cubic polynomials in the Essential manifold preparing the ground to solve different real interpolation problems in this manifold. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Data mining

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Generative Adversarial Networks for Heterogeneous Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Detection

Generative Adversarial Networks for Heterogeneous Unsupervis...

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IEEE International Conference on intelligent engineering systems (INES)

作者： Homayoun Safarpour Motealegh Mahalegi Amirfarhad Farhadi György Molnár Enikő Nagy Institute of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering Óbuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Computer Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Óbuda University Budapest Hungary János Csere Apáczai Faculty Széchenyi University Győr Hungary Antal Bejczy Center for Intelligent Robotics John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Óbuda University Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9798350367591

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367607

Domain adaptation, a subset of transfer learning, involves generating examples from two related but differently distributed source and target domains. This paper introduces an incremental adversarial learning method for unsupervised domain adaptation, where the source data is labeled, and the target data remains unlabeled. We employ a discriminative adversarial strategy as the primary technique for unsupervised domain adaptation to minimize the significant distributional variance between the source and target domains. Traditional domain adaptation methods typically train the source domain to align with a fixed target domain distribution. However, in many real-world scenarios, the target domain's distribution continuously evolves, leading to a lack of generalizability in the trained model for subsequent domains. To tackle this issue, we suggest using a continuous sequential domain adaptation method. This involves including instances from several related target domains in the training process in a sequential and continuous manner. This process ensures that all receiving domains are correctly aligned with their respective sources, and to maintain sequence continuity, the source domain is incrementally updated by incorporating the most reliable data from the current target domain. This enhancement aims to improve the network's training for forthcoming domain data. Leveraging the effectiveness of deep neural networks, our method utilizes deep GANs for domain adaptation. The approach enhances domain matching by augmenting the source with selected target data and introduces a novel strategy for continuous sequential domain matching. This involves a progressive update of source domain samples with reliable data from the current target domain, facilitating seamless adaptation to successive domain shifts. The proposed method demonstrated a high classification accuracy, achieving an impressive 99% and 95% in different settings. Furthermore, it outperforms previous studies rega

关键词： Training Adaptation models Machine learning algorithms Accuracy Transfer learning Clustering algorithms Sensitivity and specificity

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Stochastic-Robust Planning of Networked Hydrogen-electrical Microgrids: A Study on Induced Refueling Demand

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sun, Xunhang Cao, Xiaoyu Zeng, Bo Zhai, Qiaozhu Başar, Tamer Guan, Xiaohong School of Automation Science and Engineering The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Smart Integrated Energy Department Sichuan Digital Economy Industry Development Research Institute Sichuan Chengdu610037 China Department of Industrial Engineering The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15106 United States Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Hydrogen-electrical microgrids are increasingly assuming an important role on the pathway toward decarbonization of energy and transportation systems. This paper studies networked hydrogen-electrical microgrids planning (NHEMP), considering a critical but often-overlooked issue, i.e., the demand-inducing effect (DIE) associated with infrastructure development decisions. Specifically, higher refueling capacities will attract more refueling demand of hydrogen-powered vehicles (HVs). To capture such interactions between investment decisions and induced refueling demand, we introduce a decision-dependent uncertainty (DDU) set and build a trilevel stochastic-robust formulation. The upper-level determines optimal investment strategies for hydrogen-electrical microgrids, the lower-level optimizes the risk-aware operation schedules across a series of stochastic scenarios, and, for each scenario, the middle-level identifies the "worst" situation of refueling demand within an individual DDU set to ensure economic feasibility. Then, an adaptive and exact decomposition algorithm, based on Parametric Column-and-Constraint Generation (PC&CG), is customized and developed to address the computational challenge and to quantitatively analyze the impact of DIE. Case studies on an IEEE exemplary system validate the effectiveness of the proposed NHEMP model and the PC&CG algorithm. It is worth highlighting that DIE can make an important contribution to the economic benefits of NHEMP, yet its significance will gradually decrease when the main bottleneck transits to other system restrictions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Synthesizing skeletal motion and physiological signals as a function of a virtual human’s actions and emotions

Synthesizing skeletal motion and physiological signals as a ...

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2021 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, SDM 2021

作者： Banerjee, Bonny Kapourchali, Masoumeh Heidari Baruah, Murchana Deb, Mousumi Sakauye, Kenneth Olufsen, Mette Institute for Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Memphis MemphisTN38152 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center TempleTX76502 United States Department of Psychiatry University of Tennessee Health Science Center MemphisTN38163 United States Department of Mathematics North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781611976700

Round-the-clock monitoring of human behavior and emotions is required in many healthcare applications which is very expensive but can be automated using machine learning (ML) and sensor technologies. Unfortunately, the lack of infrastructure for collection and sharing of such data is a bottleneck for ML research applied to healthcare. Our goal is to circumvent this bottleneck by simulating a human body in virtual environment. This will allow generation of potentially infinite amounts of shareable data from an individual as a function of his actions, interactions and emotions in a care facility or at home, with no risk of confidentiality breach or privacy invasion. In this paper, we develop for the first time a system consisting of computational models for synchronously synthesizing skeletal motion, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductance signals as a function of an open-ended set of actions and emotions. Our experimental evaluations, involving user studies, benchmark datasets and comparison to findings in the literature, show that our models can generate skeletal motion and physiological signals with high fidelity. The proposed framework is modular and allows the flexibility to experiment with different models. In addition to facilitating ML research for round-the-clock monitoring at a reduced cost, the proposed framework will allow reusability of code and data, and may be used as a training tool for ML practitioners and healthcare professionals. © 2021 by SIAM.

关键词： Actions Electrocardiogram Emotions Signal synthesis Skeletal motion Skin conductance

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